PL 2 · cols. 1083–1106

Tertullian, Liber de pallio

Editors' preface

Q. SEPT. FLOR. TERTULLIANI LIBER DE PALLIO.

THE BOOK OF Q[UINTUS] SEPT[IMIUS] FLOR[ENS] TERTULLIAN ON THE PALLIUM

Argumentum. — Hoc opusculum pro pallio apologiam esse, satirico sale inspersam, apud Carthaginenses habitam eruditi consentiunt. Cum enim a popularibus suis reprehenderetur, quod togam pallio commutasset, hoc est, quod Christi militiae nomen dedisset, satirica hac apologia illi occurrit: noluitque sibi inconstantiae crimen adhaerere, fuisseque semper in orbe universo ab ipsius conditu officiorum commutationes.

Argument. — The learned agree that this little work is an apology for the pallium, sprinkled with satirical salt, delivered among the Carthaginians. For when he was being censured by his fellow countrymen because he had exchanged the toga for the pallium, that is, because he had enlisted in the service of Christ, he met them with this satirical apology; and he would not have the charge of inconstancy cling to him, [maintaining] that there had always been, in the whole world from its very founding, changes of functions.

Editors' notes and page, col. 1083

Footnotes

Variae lectiones. (printed under page 546) 9 ‹anchor: qui cum amitteret› · call in col 1083 Averteret Seml. Oberth.

"Averteret" ("turned away"): Semler, Oberthür.

(printed under page 546) Commentarius. (printed under page 546)

(40) ‹anchor: ingenia› · call in col 1083 (printed after the tail "lunt" at the head of the column; the word compellunt stands whole at the end of col 1082)

Negationem porro quanta compellunt, etc. Quid hoc est? fornicationem idololatria majorem facere? πορνεία quidem peccatum est et grave et lethale: at idololatria gravissimum, pro quo tot supplicia in veteri Ecclesia, totque instituti ritus poenitendi. LE PR.

"But how great a denial they compel," etc. What is this? To make fornication greater than idolatry? Fornication is indeed a sin, both grave and deadly; but idolatry is the gravest, for which there were so many punishments in the ancient Church, and so many rites of penance instituted. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 546)

(41) ‹anchor: apud Christum› · call in col 1083

Invidiosae apud Christum. Invidiam facientes Christo. Sic lib. de Fuga: « Malo invidiam ei facere per voluntatem ipsius pereundo. » Diximus supra. RIG.

"Invidious before Christ." Laying a reproach upon Christ. So in the book On Flight: "I would rather lay a reproach upon Him by perishing through His will." We have said this above. Rigault.

(printed under page 546)

(42) ‹anchor: piaculariter negaverunt› · call in col 1084 (the note begins in the left foot column and ends in the right)

Denuo dimittitur eis qui piaculariter negaverunt. Cedat veritati pudor, et mutare sententiam nobis liceat, si negare non licet in authentico scriptum fuisse, » Denuo dimittitur eis qui peculiariter negaverunt. « Nam id clausula sequens evincit. Ludit Afer ambiguo vocabuli, et jaculum torquet in Psychicos, quale supra, cum exteriores botulos iisdem objecit, qui luxuria tenderentur, et nuptias repetitas probarent: « Denuo, inquit, dimittitur eis qui peculiariter negaverunt. » Quasi diceret: Hominibus bene vasatis et bene peculiatis favent Psychici, qui poenitentiam indulgent moechis, vase ac peculio suo abutentibus, adeoque Christum negantibus, quoties membra sua, quae fuere Christi, faciunt membra meretricis. Peculiariter Christum negant qui de peculio suo ludunt, adversus datam Christo fidem. RIG.

"Again it is forgiven to those who denied in a way that called for expiation." Let shame give way to truth, and let us be allowed to change our opinion, if it cannot be denied that in the authentic copy there was written: "Again it is forgiven to those who denied in their own particular way." For the clause that follows proves it. The African plays on the ambiguity of the word, and hurls a dart at the Psychics, like the one above, when he threw in their faces the outer sausages, which were stretched by gluttony, and that they approved repeated marriages: "Again," he says, "it is forgiven to those who denied in their own particular way." As if he were saying: the Psychics favour men well furnished in vessel and well furnished in private stock, who grant penance to adulterers abusing their own vessel and stock, and so denying Christ, as often as they make their members, which were Christ's, the members of a harlot. They deny Christ "in their own particular way" who make sport with their own private stock, against the faith pledged to Christ. Rigault.

(printed under page 546)

(43) ‹anchor: solis illis caro infirma est› · call in col 1084

Solis illis caro infirma est. Libidinosis, moechis, fornicatoribus. Psychicorum disciplinam vituperat, qui de tribus delictis mortiferis, idololatria sive negatione, homicidio, et moechia, solis moechis Ecclesiam redderent, quae magis reddenda videretur idololatris, sive negantibus, post expressam violentia tormentorum idololatriam sive negationem poenitentibus, cum isti, non nisi asperitate tormentorum coacti, at moechi et fornicatores, per libidinem et voluptatem sponte ipsi suapte peccaverint. RIG.

"To them alone is the flesh weak." To the lustful, the adulterers, the fornicators. He censures the discipline of the Psychics, who, of the three deadly sins, idolatry or denial, murder, and adultery, would restore the Church to adulterers alone, when it would seem rather to be restored to idolaters, or deniers, who repent after an idolatry or denial wrung from them by the violence of torture; since these [sinned] only when forced by the harshness of torture, but the adulterers and fornicators sinned of their own accord, through lust and pleasure. Rigault.

(printed under page 546) [A heavy double rule follows the notes of (43), and the page then begins Tertullian's Liber de pallio, whose notes follow.] De pallio — Variae lectiones. 1 ‹anchor: et annonae› · call in col 1084 Et annona et otia Salmasius.

"Et annona et otia" ("both the corn supply and the leisure"): Salmasius.

2 ‹anchor: et luminis concilio› · call in col 1084 Consilio Rhen. Franeq. Paris

"Consilio": Rhenanus, Franeker and Paris editions.

De pallio — Commentarius. (printed under page 546)

(1) ‹anchor: De pallio› · call in the title, cols 1083-1084

De Pallio. Multa in hanc rem, adeoque ad totius opusculi lucem praeclara tradidit Cl. Salmasius, editione ad veterum exemplarium fidem accuratissima. Eam vero nos ubique fere hic sequimur. RIG.

On the Cloak. Much on this subject, and indeed excellent matter for lighting up the whole little work, has been given by the celebrated Salmasius, in an edition most carefully made on the authority of the old copies. We follow it here almost everywhere. Rigault.

(printed under page 546)

Page

running head: 1083 TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — SERIES II, MORALIA. (head runs across the spread 1083–1084)
marginal letters: A ‹lunt ingenia carnificis› (gutter letter, shared with col. 1084's ‹runt, in quas›); B (in the foot Commentarius); C ‹ARGUMENTUM. — Hoc opusculum pro pallio apolo-› (gutter, beside De pallio matter); D (in the foot Commentarius)
old-edition numerals: 1030 after ‹quoque›
other: page shared with PL002/de_pudicitia; this file is a copy of its notes (QA keeps this unit's own)

PL 2:1084

CAPUT PRIMUM.

CHAPTER I.

Principes semper Africae, viri Carthaginienses, vestutate nobiles, novitate felices, gaudeo vos tam prosperos temporum, cum ita vacat ac juvat, habitus denotare. Pacis haec et annonae otia: ab imperio et a coelo bene est. Tamen et vobis habitus aliter olim; tunicae fuere, et quidem in fama de subteminis studio, et luminis concilio, et mensurae temperamento; quod neque trans crura

Always the foremost men of Africa, men of Carthage, noble in your antiquity, happy in your novelty, I rejoice that you are so prosperous in your times that you have the leisure and the pleasure to censure dress. These are the leisures of peace and of plenty: from the empire and from heaven all is well. Yet you too once had a different dress; tunics there were, and indeed renowned for the care of their weft, and the harmony of their colour, and the moderation of their measure; such that neither across the legs

Editors' notes and page, col. 1084

Footnotes

(continued) ‹note on the preceding treatise; its opening lines lie above the image› · call on the previous page

[…] Ludit Afer ambiguo vocabuli, et jaculum torquet in Psychicos, quale supra, cum exteriores botulos iisdem objecit, qui luxuria tenderentur, et nuptias repetitas probarent: « Denuo, inquit, dimittitur eis […]tentibus, cum isti, non nisi asperitate tormentorum coacti, at moechi et fornicatores, per libidinem et voluptatem sponte ipsi suapte peccaverint. RIG.

[…] The African plays on an ambiguous word and hurls a dart at the Psychics, as above, when he threw in their faces the "outer sausages", since they were stretched by luxury and approved repeated marriages: "Again," he says, "it is forgiven them […]" […] since these [sinned] only when forced by the harshness of torments, whereas adulterers and fornicators sinned of their own accord, through lust and pleasure. Rigaltius.

¹ ‹annonae› · call in col 1084 (Variae lectiones) Et annona et otia Salmasius.

"Both the corn-supply and leisure": Salmasius.

² ‹luminis concilio› · call in col 1084 (Variae lectiones) Consilio Rhen. Franeq. Paris

"Consilio" (counsel): Rhenanus, the Franeker and Paris editions.

(printed under page 546)

(1) ‹DE PALLIO› · call in col 1084

De Pallio. Multa in hanc rem, adeoque ad totius opusculi lucem praeclara tradidit Cl. Salmasius, editione ad veterum exemplarium fidem accuratissima. Eam vero nos ubique fere hic sequimur. RIG.

On the Pallium. The renowned Salmasius has handed down much on this subject, and indeed excellent things for the light of the whole little work, in an edition made most accurately to the faith of the old copies. We follow it here almost everywhere. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 546)

(2) ‹Principes semper Africae› · call in col 1084

Principes semper Africae. Cum Tertullianus toto hoc libello de variis totius orbis, urbium, aliarumque rerum mutationibus tractare debeat, deque ipsorum etiam Carthaginiensium habitus et πολιτείας mutatione, nihil tamen eos quantum ad primatum attinet mutasse, initio libelli hujus statim contestatur. SALM. -- Principes semper Africae. Africae principatum penes Carthaginienses solos fuisse nemo ambigit; in hunc sensum ita locutus est Apuleius, lib. III Florid. cap. 1, illudque his repetit: quod forte aliis observari potuit. MERC.

Ever the first of Africa. Since Tertullian in this whole little book is to treat of the various changes of the whole world, of cities and of other things, and also of the change of the Carthaginians' own dress and polity, he declares at once at the beginning of this little book that they have nevertheless changed nothing as far as their primacy is concerned. Salmasius. -- Ever the first of Africa. No one doubts that the primacy of Africa lay with the Carthaginians alone; in this sense Apuleius spoke so, Florida book III, chapter 1, and he repeats it here: which could perhaps be observed by others. Mercerus.

(printed under page 546)

(3) ‹habitus denotare› · call in col 1084

Habitus denotare. Denotare Tertullianus usurpat pro notare sive taxare. RHEN.

To censure dress. Tertullian uses "denotare" for "notare" or "taxare" (to brand, to censure). Rhenanus.

(printed under page 546)

(4) ‹subteminis studio› · call in col 1084

De subteminis studio. Commendat eas tunicas de subteminis studio, quod studiose nimirum diligenterque textae essent. Per subtemen fortasse totam texturam intelligit. SALM.

For care of the weft. He commends those tunics for the care of the weft, because they were evidently woven with zeal and diligence. By "weft" he perhaps means the whole weave. Salmasius.

(printed under page 546)

(5) ‹luminis concilio› · call in col 1084

De luminis concilio. Hoc est, ob bene com- (continues)

For the harmony of light. That is, because of well com- (continues)

(printed under page 546)

Page

running head: [left half on col 1083's page image]…UM PARS II. — SERIES II, MORALIA. 1084
marginal letters: A ‹runt, in quas adhuc› (previous unit, De pudicitia); B ‹de peculio suo ludunt› (foot Commentarius, previous unit); C ‹CAPUT PRIMUM.›; D ‹-- Principes semper Africae› (foot Commentarius)
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: FULL_WIDTH title printed across the page: "Q. SEPT. FLOR. TERTULLIANI" / "LIBER" / "DE PALLIO (1)." Its left half ("Q. SEPT. FL", "DE PALL") was read on the page-foot image p546_footL (Q1a, 2026-10-19), and the title is set once, source and English, in c1083 at the head of the unit (settle round 2).
other: lines above the title in this column ("runt, in quas adhuc ... quam quae spiritum elidit.") and the foot notes (42), (43) belong to the previous unit (De pudicitia) and are not set here.
other: the editors' ARGUMENTUM (8 lines, "ARGUMENTUM. — Hoc opusculum pro pallio apologiam esse ..." to "... officiorum commutationes.") stands under the title in the LEFT column, col 1083, outside the unit's range 1084-1106 (seen on p546_footL). It is not set here: it now stands in c1083 at the head of this unit (settle round 2).
other: "vestutate" is so printed (for vetustate); kept as printed.
other: removed calls: title (1); commentary calls (2) (3) (4) (5); variant calls 1 after "annonae", 2 after "concilio". Column ends mid-sentence at "crura".
other (Q2a, 2026-10-19): the title is set in BOTH c1083_a.md (with the argumentum) and this column's part; the unit rule says set it once at the head of the unit. Left for the settle step to keep one copy.

PL 2:1085

prodigae, nec intra genua inverecundae, nec brachils parae, nec manibus arctae, sed nec cingulo sinus dividere expetitum: quadrata justitia beatae in viris stabant. Pallium, extrinsecus habitus, et ipse quadrangulus, ab utroque laterum regestus, et cervicibus circumstrictus, in fibulae morsu humeris adquiescebat. Instar ejus hodie, Aesculapio jam vestro sacerdotium est. Sic et in proximo soror civitas vestiebat, et sicubi alibi in Africa Tyros. At cum saecularium sortium variavit urna, et Romanis Deus maluit, soror quidem civitas suopte arbitrio mutare properavit, ut adpulsum Scipionem ante jam de habitu salutaret, Romanum praecoqua. Vobis vero post injuriae beneficium, ut senium, non fastigium exemptis, post Gracchi obscena omnia, et Lepidi violenta ludibria, post trinas Pompeii aras, et longas Caesaris moras, ubi moenia Statilius Taurus imposuit, solemnia Sentius Saturninus enarravit, cum concordia juvat, toga oblata est. Proh! quantum circummeavit, a Pelasgis

prodigal, nor immodest within the knees, nor scanty at the arms, nor tight at the hands; nor indeed was it sought to divide the folds with a girdle: with square justness the happy [tunics] stood upon the men. The pallium, the outer garment, itself also four-cornered, thrown back from both sides and drawn close about the neck, rested upon the shoulders in the bite of a clasp. Its likeness today is the priesthood of Aesculapius, now yours. So too the sister city close by used to dress, and wherever else in Africa there is a Tyre. But when the urn of worldly lots changed, and God preferred the Romans, the sister city indeed hastened of its own choice to change, so as to greet Scipio on his landing already beforehand in its dress, Roman before its time. To you, however, after the benefit of an injury, relieved of senility, not of eminence, after all the obscenities of Gracchus and the violent mockeries of Lepidus, after the triple altars of Pompey and the long delays of Caesar, when Statilius Taurus set up the walls and Sentius Saturninus recited the solemn rites, when concord is pleasing, the toga was offered. Ah, how far it has wandered round, from the Pelasgians

Editors' notes and page, col. 1085

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones; the first line runs across the page and its right part lies beyond the image edge) ³ ‹parae› · call in col 1085 Parcae Fran. Par. pare Rhen.

"Parcae" (sparing): Franeker and Paris editions; "pare": Rhenanus.

⁴ ‹dividere› · call in col 1085 Dividente expedita Rhen. e[…]

"Dividente expedita" (with [the girdle] dividing, unencumbered): Rhenanus […]

(continued variant) ‹the middle of the line, with variants ⁵ and ⁶ (calls after "Pallium" and "extrinsecus" in col 1085), lies beyond the image edge› · call not in image […]te atque quadrata instita inviris autem extrinsecus Fran., etc.

[…] and a squared border, but on men outside: Franeker edition, etc.

⁷ ‹circumstrictus› · call in col 1085 Circumstructus Fran. Par.

"Circumstructus" (built round): Franeker and Paris editions.

⁸ ‹salutaret› · call in col 1085 Salutasset Venet. Salm.

"Salutasset" (had greeted): Venice edition, Salmasius.

⁹ ‹Romanum› · call in col 1085 Romana Fran.

"Romana": Franeker edition.

¹⁰ ‹fastigium› · call in col 1085 Fastidium Rhen.

"Fastidium" (disdain): Rhenanus.

¹¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Et lanientem et testitrahum Leop.

"Et lanientem et testitrahum": Leopardus.

¹² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image De bile Salm.

"De bile" (from bile): Salmasius.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 547)

(5) (continued) ‹luminis concilio› · call on the previous page

missa et comparata colorum temperamenta. Ipse apertissime interpretatur, lib. de Pudicitia. Lumen de purpura dicitur. Plinius, IX, ubi de purpura: « Omnem vestem illuminat, » et apud Trebellium Pollionem, « Chlamides veri luminis. » Concilium autem intellige conciliamentum, seu conciliationem. RIG.

-mitted and matched blendings of colours. He himself explains it most plainly in the book On Modesty. "Light" is said of purple. Pliny, IX, where he speaks of purple: "It lights up every garment"; and in Trebellius Pollio, "Cloaks of true light." By "concilium" understand a joining together, or harmonizing. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(6) ‹brachiis parae› · call in col 1085

Nec brachiis parae. Verissimum est quod notavit Salmasius ex veteribus libris legendum, parae, ut dicatur parus (quemadmodum, rarus). RIG. — A quo adjectivo ortum esse adverbium parum, ut a nimis nimium, videtur Salmasio. LEOP.

Nor scant at the arms. Most true is what Salmasius noted, that from the old books one must read "parae", so that "parus" is said (as "rarus" is). Rigaltius. — From this adjective, Salmasius thinks, the adverb "parum" arose, as "nimium" from "nimis". Leopardus.

(printed under page 547)

(7) ‹sinus dividere expetitum› · call in col 1085

Sed nec cingulo sinus dividere expetitum. Sic veteres libri. Hoc est, Olim non expetebant nec curabant Carthaginienses sinus vestis dividere. LEOP.

But nor was it sought to divide the folds with a girdle. So the old books. That is: formerly the Carthaginians neither sought nor cared to divide the folds of the garment. Leopardus.

(printed under page 547)

(8) ‹in viris stabant› · call in col 1085

Quadrata justitia beatae in viris stabant. Justitiam tunicarum dicit eo sensu, quo (advers. Hermogenem), justitiam motationis neutram in partem inclinantis. LEOP. — Justitiam vocat τὴν συμμετρίαν. SALM.

Blessed in their square justness they stood on the men. He speaks of the "justness" of the tunics in the sense in which (Against Hermogenes) he speaks of the justness of a motion inclining to neither side. Leopardus. — He calls "justness" the symmetry. Salmasius.

(printed under page 547)

(9) ‹fibulae morsu› · call in col 1085

In fibulae morsu. In fibulae morsu est per fibulae morsum. Sic Graeci ἐν ξίφει pro διὰ ξίφους. SALM.

In the bite of the brooch. "In the bite of the brooch" means "by the bite of the brooch". So the Greeks say "in a sword" for "by a sword". Salmasius.

(printed under page 547)

(10) ‹Humeris adquiescebat› · call in col 1085

Humeris adquiescebat. Hoc de pallio communi graecanico, quod in humeris fibula nexum sedebat, et utrumque humerum advelabat. SALM.

It rested on the shoulders. This is said of the common Greek pallium, which sat on the shoulders fastened by a brooch and covered both shoulders. Salmasius.

(printed under page 547)

(11) ‹Aesculapio jam vestro› · call in col 1085

Aesculapio jam vestro. Nam prius erat Pergamenorum duntaxat. RIG.

To Aesculapius, now yours. For before he belonged only to the people of Pergamum. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(12) ‹Soror civitas› · call in col 1085

Soror civitas. Utica, quam Strabo secundam Tyriorum coloniam esse tradit. RHEN.

The sister city. Utica, which Strabo records was the second colony of the Tyrians. Rhenanus.

(printed under page 547)

(13) ‹Sicubi alibi› · call in col 1085

Sicubi alibi. Hoc est, si in aliqua Africae regione jacet alia Tyros. Aliam vero Tyrum praeter Uticam, Adrumetum, et ipsam Tyri coloniam, significat. EDD.

If anywhere elsewhere. That is, if in some region of Africa another Tyre lies. By "another Tyre" besides Utica he means Hadrumetum, itself also a colony of Tyre. The editors.

(printed under page 547)

(14) ‹Romanis Deus maluit› · call in col 1085

Romanis Deus maluit. Aliquanto enim tempore nutavit inter utrumque populum, Romanum et Carthaginiensem, fuitque cum variis casibus immistis in ancipiti spe ac metu uterque versaretur. MERC.

God preferred the Romans. For a considerable time [fortune] wavered between the two peoples, Roman and Carthaginian, and there was a time when, amid mingled and varied fortunes, each was caught between doubtful hope and fear. Mercerus.

(printed under page 547)

(15) ‹Romanum praecoqua› · call in col 1085

Romanum praecoqua. Praecoci ac praefestinata Romani habitus susceptione. RIG. — Praecoqua. Quae cum secundo bello Punico ab altero Scipione, istius avo qui Carthaginem evertit, frustra tentata expugnari non potuisset, ultro se Romanorum ditioni subjecit, stantibus adhuc Africae rebus. MERC.

Early ripe for the Roman. By an early and over-hasty taking up of the Roman dress. Rigaltius. — Early ripe. Since in the Second Punic War, attempted in vain by the other Scipio, the grandfather of him who overthrew Carthage, it could not be stormed, it subjected itself of its own accord to the rule of the Romans while the affairs of Africa still stood. Mercerus.

(printed under page 547)

(16) ‹Solemnia enarravit› · call in col 1085

Solemnia enarravit. Hoc est, solemnia effatus est inaugurandae coloniae verba. RIG.

He recited the solemn words. That is, he pronounced the solemn words for inaugurating a colony. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(17) ‹Pallii jam teretis› · call not in image

Pallii jam teretis. Pallium vestrum quadratum tereti seu rotundo pallio mutavistis, hoc est, toga Romana. Cui interpretationi appositissimum testem Salmasius adhibuit veterem Persii scholiastem, qui togam esse ait purum pallium forma rotunda, fusiore atque inundante sinu. RIG.

Of the pallium, now rounded. You have changed your square pallium for a smooth or round pallium, that is, the Roman toga. For this interpretation Salmasius brought in a most fitting witness, the old scholiast on Persius, who says the toga is a plain pallium of round shape, with a fuller and overflowing fold. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(18) ‹Tabulata congregatione› · call not in image

Tabulata congregatione. Umbone ex pluribus tabulatis coacto, seu multiplici contabulatione aedificato. RIG.

With a planked assembling. With a boss forced together out of several layers, or built of a manifold layering. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(19) ‹Temporalitas› · call not in image

Temporalitas. Tempestas anni. RIG. — Quia (scilicet) aliter in pace, aliter in bello, hieme aliter atque aestate. SALM.

Temporality. The season of the year. Rigaltius. — Because (that is) it is one way in peace, another in war, one way in winter and another in summer. Salmasius.

(printed under page 547)

(20) ‹muros frangere militat› · call not in image

Quae muros frangere militat. Cujus militia est muros frangere. RIG.

Which does service in breaking walls. Whose service is to break walls. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 547)

(21) ‹Carthago prima omnium› · call not in image

Carthago prima omnium, etc. Machina illa quae aries dicitur punicum est inventum; illud autem in oppugnatione Gaditana adinvenerunt. Quae de oscillo postea Rigaltius, a Salmasio desumpta sunt. LE PR.

Carthage, first of all, etc. That engine which is called the ram is a Punic invention; and they devised it in the siege of Gades. What Rigaltius says afterwards about the "oscillum" is taken from Salmasius. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 547)

(22) ‹Oscillum› · call not in image

Oscillum. Libratio, αἰώρα, machinae ad incussionem et impetum libratae. Sic describitur ab Athenaeo Mechanico Pephasmeni cujusdam Tyrii commentum adversus Gaditanos: Ἱστὸν στησὰς, καὶ ἄλλον ἀπ' αὐτοῦ πλάγιον ἀρτήσας παραπλησίως ταῖς τῶν ζυγῶν φάλαγξιν, ἔτυπτε τὸ τεῖχος ἕλκων ἐξ ἀντισπάστου τὸ πλάγιον. RIG. Id est: Malum cum erexisset; et ex illo alterum transversum, phalangum librarum instar, suspendisset, murum ferire coepit, modo reducens transversum illum, modo promovens. EDD.

The swing. A poising (Greek "aiora", a swinging) of an engine balanced for striking and onset. Thus Athenaeus the Mechanic describes the device of one Pephasmenus of Tyre against the people of Gades: "Having set up a mast, and hung from it another crosswise like the beams of a balance, he struck the wall, drawing back the crosspiece by a counter-pull." Rigaltius. That is: when he had raised a mast and hung from it another crosswise, like the beams of scales, he began to strike the wall, now drawing that crosspiece back, now driving it forward. The editors.

(printed under page 547)

(23) ‹Aries jam Romanus› · call not in image

Aries jam Romanus. Qui olim fuit Carthaginiensium. Eodem sensu dixit ante: Aesculapio jam vestro, qui nimirum antea Pergamenorum erat et Romanorum. SALM.

The ram, now Roman. Which once belonged to the Carthaginians. In the same sense he said before: "to Aesculapius, now yours", who indeed formerly belonged to the people of Pergamum and to the Romans. Salmasius.

(printed under page 547)

Page

running head: 1085 LIBER DE PALLIO (cut off at the image edge; DE appears printed as DB)
marginal letters: A prodigae, nec intra genua; B qua (15). Vobis vero; C « Omnem vestem illuminat (beside the commentary); D SALM. (beside the commentary, after note 9)
old-edition numerals: 1031 after beatae
other: brachils appears as printed in the text, while the commentary lemma reads brachiis; the Variae lectiones and Commentarius headings and the variant-reading lines run across the page and are cut off at the edge (the parts seen are set above); the right-hand column belongs to col. 1086
other: misprints kept as printed: "brachils" (text, for brachiis); in note (22) "στησὰς" (accent on the last syllable, grave before the comma, for στήσας), confirmed on p547_footR by Q2a (2026-10-19) after Q1a's UNSURE.

PL 2:1086

ad Lydos, a Lydis ad Romanos, ut ab humeris sublimioris populi Carthaginenses complecteretur! Exinde tunicam longiorem cinctu arbitrante suspenditis, et pallii jam teretis redundantiam tabulata congregatione fulcitis: et si quid praeterea conditio, vel dignitas, vel temporalitas vestit, pallium tamen generaliter vestrum immemores etiam denotatis. Equidem haud miror prae documento superiore. Nam et arietem, non quem Laberius reciprocicornem, lanicutem, testitrahum, sed trabes machina est, quae muros frangere militat, nemini unquam adhuc libratum, illa dicitur Carthago.

to the Lydians, from the Lydians to the Romans, so that from the shoulders of a loftier people it might embrace the Carthaginians! Thereafter you hang the longer tunic with the girdle deciding [its length], and you prop up the overflow of the pallium, now rounded, with a boarded gathering; and whatever else condition, or dignity, or season clothes [you in], the pallium nevertheless, which is generally yours, you even, forgetful, disparage. For my part I do not wonder at it, after the earlier proof. For the ram too (not the one Laberius [calls] back-bending-horned, wool-skinned, testicle-trailing, but [the one where] a beam is the machine, which does soldier's service in breaking walls), never yet balanced by anyone, Carthage, that [city], is said

Studiis asperrima belli.

Most fierce in the pursuits of war.

(Virg., Aeneid., lib. I, 18.)

(Virgil, Aeneid, book 1, 18.)

Prima omnium armasse in oscillum penduli impetus, commentata vim tormenti debile pecoris caput vindicantis. Cum tamen ultimant tempora patriae, et aries jam Romanus in muros quondam suos audet, stupuere

first of all to have armed for the swing of a suspended thrust, having devised the force of an engine that avenges the feeble head of the beast. When, however, the times of the fatherland are at their last, and the ram, now Roman, makes bold against what were once its own walls, were astounded

Editors' notes and page, col. 1086

Page

running head: ER DB PALLIO. 1086 (left part of head cut off at image edge; "DB" as it appears in the scan, presumably DE)
marginal letters: A ad Lydos, a Lydis ad Romanos; B Studiis asperrima belli; C Romanorum ditioni subjecit (in the commentary); D tem in oppugnatione Gaditana (in the commentary)
old-edition numerals: 1032 before Prima

PL 2:1087

illico Carthaginienses, ut novum, extraneum ingenium :

at once the Carthaginians, as a novel, foreign contrivance:

Tantum aevi longinqua valet mutare vetustas.

So much can the long antiquity of an age change.

(Aen. lib. III, v. 415.)

(Aen. 3.415.)

Sic denique nec pallium agnoscitur.

Thus, in the end, not even the pallium is recognized.

CAPUT II.

Chapter II.

Sit nunc aliunde res, ne Poenicum inter Romanos aut erubescat, aut doleat. Certe habitum vertere naturae totius solemne munus est. Fungitur et ipso mundus interim iste quem incumbimus. Viderit Anaximander, si plures putat : viderit si quis uspiam alius ad Meropas, ut Silenus, penes aures Midae blatit, aptas sane grandioribus fabulis. Sed et si quem Plato aestimat cujus imago hic sit, etiam ille habeat necesse est proinde mutare. Quippe si mundus, ex diversis substantiis officiisque constabit ad formam ejus quod mundus hic est : neque enim mundus, si non ut mundus proinde. Diversa in unum, ex demutatione diversa sunt. Denique diversitatis discordiam vices foederant. Ita mutando erit mundus omnis, qui et diversitatibus corporatus, et vicibus temperatus. Nostra certe metatio, quod clausis vel in totum homericis oculis liquet, totum versiforme est. Dies et nox invicem vertunt Sol stationibus annuis, luna modulationibus menstruis variat. Siderum distincta confusio interdum dejicit quid, interdum resuscitat. Coeli

Let the matter now be taken from another quarter, so that the Punic [garment] may neither blush nor grieve among Romans. Certainly, to change its dress is the customary function of the whole of nature. Even this very world on which we lie performs it meanwhile. Let Anaximander look to it, if he thinks there are more [worlds]; let anyone else look to it, if there is one anywhere among the Meropes, as Silenus babbles into the ears of Midas, ears suited indeed to grander fables. But even if Plato reckons there is some [world] of which this one is the image, that one too must likewise change. For if it is a world, it will consist of diverse substances and functions after the form of that which this world is; for it is not a world if it is not likewise as a world. Diverse things [joined] into one are diverse by change. In short, alternations bind the discord of diversity into a league. Thus the whole world will exist by changing, being both embodied by diversities and tempered by alternations. Our dwelling-place, certainly, as is plain even with Homeric eyes closed altogether, is wholly changeable in form. Day and night turn by turns; the sun varies with its yearly stations, the moon with its monthly measures. The ordered confusion of the stars at times casts something down, at times raises it up again. The sky's

Editors' notes and page, col. 1087

Footnotes

(24) ‹Extraneum ingenium› · call not in image

Extraneum ingenium: διὰ τὸ ξένον τοῦ μηχανήματος. RIG. — Scilicet, propter machinae insuetum genus. EDD.

A foreign device: because of the strangeness of the engine. Rigaltius. — That is, because of the unaccustomed kind of engine. The editors.

(printed under page 548)

(25) ‹mundus erit omnis› · call not in image

Ita mutando mundus erit omnis. Hoc est, nisi mutaretur mundus non esset, ex diversis quippe substantiis compositus et compactus est. SALM.

So by changing will the whole world be. That is, unless it changed, the world would not exist, since it is composed and compacted of diverse substances. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(26) ‹Nostra certe metatio› · call not in image

Nostra certe metatio. Hic mundus quem incumbimus, in quo metamur. SALM.

Our lodging, surely. This world on which we lie, in which we pitch our camp. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(27) ‹Siderum distincta confusio› · call in col 1087

Siderum distincta confusio. Optimus erit ipse sui interpres, libro de Resurrectione Carnis: Redaccenduntur et stellatorum globi, reducuntur et siderum absentiae, quas temporalis distinctio exemerat. RIG.

The ordered confusion of the stars. He will be his own best interpreter, in the book On the Resurrection of the Flesh: "The globes of the starry bodies are rekindled, and the absences of the stars which the distinction of times had removed are brought back." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

(28) ‹interdum dejicit quid, interdum› · call in col 1087

Interdum dejicit quid, interdum, etc. Nihil aliud intellexit Auctor, quam ortum et occasum stellarum, quae dejici et decidere dicuntur cum occidunt, resuscitari cum oriuntur. SALM.

At times it casts something down, at times, etc. The Author meant nothing other than the rising and setting of the stars, which are said to be cast down and to fall when they set, and to be raised again when they rise. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(29) ‹Sub divo splendidus› · call not in image

Sub divo splendidus. Subdivum ὑπαίθριον, serenum. RIG.

Bright under the open sky. "Subdivum" is the Greek "hypaithrion" (open-air), serene. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

(30) ‹Substillum› · call not in image

Substillum. Cum aqua de coelo casitat guttatim. Glossae, Substillat, στραγγουριᾷ. RIG.

Drizzly. When water keeps falling drop by drop from the sky. The Glossaries: "substillat", "it dribbles" (Greek strangouria). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

(31) ‹De tranquillo probum› · call not in image

De tranquillo probum. Tranquillitate probum, tranquillum, ut de eo queri nemo jure possit. RIG.

Honest from calm. Honest in its calm, tranquil, so that no one could rightly complain of it. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

(32) ‹De flustris temperatum› · call not in image

De flustris temperatum. Ventis agitatum, modo violentis, modo remissioribus. RIG. — An flustra hic temperato mari opponitur? nequaquam, nam flustra malaciam maris significant. SALM.

Tempered by the calms. Stirred by winds, now violent, now gentler. Rigaltius. — Is "flustra" here set against a tempered sea? By no means, for "flustra" means the calm of the sea. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(33) ‹De decumanis inquietat› · call not in image

De decumanis inquietat. Fluctibus decumanis inquietatur. Ipse Tertullianus, infra, « De paradiso exterminat, » pro exterminatur, et, « Positis exuviis novus explicat, » hoc est, explicatur. SALM.

It is unquiet from the tenth waves. It is troubled by the great (tenth) waves. Tertullian himself, below: "From paradise it banishes" for "is banished", and "Its sloughs laid aside, it unfolds new", that is, "is unfolded". Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(34) ‹Montium scapulae decurrendo› · call not in image

Montium scapulae decurrendo. Cum abrupta torrentium impetu de scapulis montium saxa in imum devolvuntur. SALM.

The shoulders of the mountains, by running down. When rocks torn off by the force of torrents roll from the shoulders of the mountains to the bottom. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(35) ‹Fontium venae cavillando› · call not in image

Fontium venae cavillando. Cavillari dicuntur fontes, cum sui copiam facere desinunt, cava telluris subeundo: tunc enim circumpositos incolas fallunt, frustrantur, et fraudant. SALM.

The veins of springs, by quibbling. Springs are said to quibble when they cease to give their supply, going down into the hollows of the earth: for then they deceive, frustrate and cheat the people living round them. Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(36) ‹Fluminum viae obhumando› · call not in image

Fluminum viae obhumando. Alluvione fluminis alveus limo sive humo oppletur; ita ut, occupato alveo, flumen divertere, et viam sibi novam facere cogatur. Obhumatio igitur est alluvio, πρόσχωσις. SALM.

The ways of rivers, by silting. By the river's alluvium the bed is filled with mud or earth, so that, the bed being taken up, the river is forced to turn aside and make itself a new way. "Obhumatio", then, is alluvium, a silting-up (Greek proschōsis). Salmasius.

(printed under page 548)

(37) ‹Samos› · call not in image

Samos. Haec insula, Plinio teste, repente e mari emerserat. PAM.

Samos. This island, as Pliny attests, had suddenly risen out of the sea. Pamelius.

(printed under page 548)

(38) ‹Ille› · call not in image

Ille. Scilicet Plato, qui in Timaeo scribit in mari Atlantico insulam ingentem submersam. Atqui de harum aliarumque insularum interitu ac Sicilia, insula ex continente, latius in Apolog. (c. 40, col. 480 et 481), ubi iisdem pene verbis Tertullianus utitur. Et vero « nomen vitii quod plaga illa discidii mari induit, » aut (ut Vatic. codex) imbuit, intelligo Rhegium, quippe quod Graece obrutum significat (a ῥήγνυμι). Fretum nempe inter Siciliam et Italiam ita dictum, quod, cum antea conjunctae essent, medium illud spatium aquis obrutum esset, et per angustiam scissum, sicuti ex Sallustio citat Isidor. Etym. lib. IV, in vocem: Sicilia, a Servio mutuatus. PAM. et EDD.

He. That is, Plato, who writes in the Timaeus that a huge island was sunk in the Atlantic sea. But on the destruction of these and other islands, and on Sicily, made an island out of the mainland, see more fully the Apology (ch. 40, cols. 480 and 481), where Tertullian uses almost the same words. And indeed by "the name of the fault which that tract of severance put on the sea", or (as the Vatican codex has) "imbued", I understand Rhegium, since in Greek it means "overwhelmed" (from rhēgnymi, to break). That is, the strait between Sicily and Italy is so called because, whereas before they were joined, that middle space was overwhelmed by the waters and split through a narrow passage, as Isidore, Etymologies book IV, under the word "Sicilia", quotes from Sallust, borrowing from Servius. Pamelius and the editors.

(printed under page 548)

Page

running head: TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — (cut off at the right edge)
marginal letters: A illico Carthaginienses, ut novum; B et si quem Plato aestimat; C (24) Extraneum ingenium (footnote area); D cidunt, resuscitari cum oriuntur (footnote area)
old-edition numerals: 1033 after totum

PL 2:1088

ambitus, nunc sub divo splendidus, nunc nubilo sordidus: aut imbres ruunt, aut si qua missilia cum imbribus, dehinc substillum, et denuo sudum. Sic et mari fides infamis, dum et flabris aeque mutantibus, de tranquillo probum, de flustris temperatum, et extemplo de decumanis inquietat. Sic et terram si recenseas temporatim vestiri amantem, prope sis eamdem negare memor viridem cum conspicis flavam, mox risurus et canam. Caeteri quoque ejus ornatus quid non aliud ex alio mutant, et montium scapulae decurrendo, et fontium venae cavillando, et fluminum viae obhumando. Mutavit et totus orbis aliquando, aquis omnibus obsitus. Adhuc maris conchae, et buccinae peregrinantur in montibus, cupientes Platoni probare etiam ardua fluitasse. Sed et enatando rursus, in forma mutavit rursus orbis, alius idem. Mutat et nunc localiter habitus, cum situs laeditur; cum inter insulas nulla jam Delos, harenae Samos, et (si ille non mendax) cum in Atlantico Libyam aut Asiam adaequans quaeritur; cum Italiae quondam latus, Hadria Tyrrhenoque quassantibus mediotenus inter ceptum, reliquias Siliciam facit; cum tota illa plaga discidii, contentiosos aequorum coitus angustis retorquens, novum vitii mari imbuit, non exspuentis naufragia, sed devorantis. Patitur et continens

circuit, now bright under the open sky, now dingy with cloud: either rains pour down, or whatever missiles come with the rains, then a drizzle, and again clear weather. So too the sea has an ill-famed trustworthiness, since, with the breezes changing just as much, it is honest from calm, moderate from swells, and all at once restless from great waves. So too, if you survey the earth, which loves to be clothed season by season, you would almost deny it is the same, remembering it green when you see it yellow, and soon about to laugh at it white as well. Its other adornments too, what do they not change, one thing from another: both the shoulders of the mountains by running down, and the veins of the springs by playing false, and the courses of the rivers by silting up. The whole globe also once changed, overspread by all the waters. Even now the shells of the sea and the trumpet-shells sojourn on the mountains, wishing to prove to Plato that even the heights have floated. But by swimming out again, the globe changed again in form, another and the same. Even now it changes its condition locally, when its site is damaged; when among the islands there is no longer any Delos, Samos [is] sand, and (if he is no liar) when [an island] equalling Libya or Asia is sought in the Atlantic; when a former side of Italy, cut off in the middle by the Adriatic and the Tyrrhenian shaking it, makes its remnants Sicily; when that whole tract of severance, twisting back the contentious meetings of the waters in the narrows, has imbued the sea with a new vice, that of not spitting out shipwrecks but devouring them. The mainland too suffers

Editors' notes and page, col. 1088

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ¹³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Forte maris, quo sensu dicitur mare infidum. Edd.

Perhaps "maris" (of the sea), in the sense in which the sea is called faithless. The editors.

¹⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Si quid Ven. Seml.

"Si quid" (if anything): Venice edition, Semler.

¹⁵ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Ebullando Par. Rhen.

"Ebullando" (by bubbling out): Paris edition, Rhenanus.

¹⁶ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Obumbrando Franeq. Rhen.

"Obumbrando" (by overshadowing): Franeker edition, Rhenanus.

¹⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Infirma Rhen. infima al.

"Infirma" (weak): Rhenanus; "infima" (lowest): others.

¹⁸ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Aliud Ven.

"Aliud" (another): Venice edition.

¹⁹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Rhene Pam.: insulam exiguam Delo vicinam, cui nomen Rhene, commemorat Septimius.

"Rhene": Pamelius; Septimius mentions a small island near Delos named Rhene.

²⁰ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Et si ille non mendax Fran. et Sibylla non mendax Seml. Ven. Rig. Leop.

"And if he is no liar": Franeker edition; "and the Sibyl no liar": Semler, Venice edition, Rigaltius, Leopardus.

²¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Aeon Fran. Pam. Leop.

"Aeon": Franeker edition, Pamelius, Leopardus.

²² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Quaeritur nunc Fran. Leop. nunc pro cum seq.

"Quaeritur nunc" (it is now asked): Franeker edition, Leopardus; "nunc" for "cum" and what follows.

²³ ‹aequorum coitus angustis› · call in col 1088 Angustiis Fran.

"Angustiis" (in the narrows): Franeker edition.

²⁴ ‹novum vitii mari imbuit› · call in col 1088 Induit Pam. Leop.

"Induit" (put on): Pamelius, Leopardus.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 548)

(39) ‹angustis› · call in col 1088

Angustis, id est angustiis. EDD. — Angusta dicit, sicut Graeci, στενά. RIG.

In the narrows, that is, "angustiis". The editors. — He says "angusta" as the Greeks say "stena" (narrows). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

(40) ‹novum vitii› · call in col 1088

Novum vitii. Novum vitium. Sic ipse infra, endormidis solocem pro endormidem solocem. RIG.

A new [thing] of fault. A new fault. So he himself below, "endormidis solocem" for "endormidem solocem". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 548)

Page

running head: [cut off at left edge]RUM PARS II. — SERIES II, MORALIA. 1088
marginal letters: A ambitus, nunc sub divo splendidus; B obsitus. Adhuc maris conchae; C torrentium impetu de scapulis (commentary); D insula ex continente, latius (commentary)
old-edition numerals: 1084 after cum (cum 1084 situs laeditur)
other: final "con-" split at column break; "montibus" final s damaged but traceable; "inter ceptum" printed as two words, kept; Variae lectiones and Commentarius (notes 34-40, SALM., PAM., EDD., RIG.) at foot not set; left column (1087) fragments visible, not set
other: the word continens was split at the column break and stands whole here (joined on receipt); check that the English reads whole across the break into col 1089

PL 2:1089

de coelo, aut de suo. Aspice ad Palaestinam, qua Jordanes amnis finium arbiter, vastitas ingens, et orba regio, et frustra ager; at urbes retro, et populi frequentes, et solus audiebat; dehinc, ut Deus censor est, impietas ignium meruit imbres. Hactenus Sodoma, et nulla Gomorrha, et cinis omnia, et propinquitas maris juxta cum solo mortem vivit. Ex hujuscemodi nubilo et Tuscia Vulsinios deusta, quo magis de montibus suis Campania speret, erepta Pompeios. Sed absit! Utinam et Asia secura jam sit de soli ingluvie! Utinam et Africa semel voraginem paverit, unicis castris fraudatis expiata! Multa et alia hujusmodi detrimenta habitum orbis mutavere, situsque movere. Bellis quoque plurimum licuisse et tristitia perget, non minus quam regnorum vices recensere. Quoties et ista mutaverunt, jam inde a Nino Beli progenie! si tamen Ninus regnaret primus, ut autumat superiorum profanitas; ferme apud vos ultra stylus non solet. Ab Assyriis, si forte, aevi historiae patescunt; qui vero divinas lectitamus, ab ipsius mundi natalibus compotes sumus. Sed laeta jam malo: quippe et laeta mutant. Denique, si quid mare diluit, coelum deussit, terra subduxit, gladius detotondit, alias versura compensati redit. Nam et primitus majorem ambitum terra cassa, et vacans hominum, et sicubi aliqua gens occuparat, sibimet soli erat. Itaque colore omnia (si demum intelligitis

from heaven, or from itself. Look at Palestine, where the river Jordan is the arbiter of its boundaries: a huge waste, and a bereaved region, and land to no purpose; yet formerly there were cities, and populous peoples, and that land alone was talked of; thereafter, since God is a judge, impiety earned showers of fire. So far Sodom, and Gomorrah no more, and all is ash, and the neighbouring sea, together with the soil, lives a death. From a cloud of this kind Tuscany too has been burnt in her Volsinii, all the more that Campania, robbed of her Pompeii, may expect the like from her own mountains. But far be it! Would that Asia too were now secure from the gluttony of the soil! Would that Africa too may have dreaded the chasm once for all, atoned for by the loss of a single camp! Many other losses of this kind too have changed the aspect of the world and shifted its sites. Grief too will go on to tell that wars have had very great licence, no less than to review the successions of kingdoms. How often have these too brought change, from Ninus, the offspring of Belus, onwards! if indeed Ninus reigned first, as the profane writers of former times suppose; among you the pen generally goes no further back. From the Assyrians, perhaps, the histories of the age lie open; but we who read the divine [histories] are masters of them from the very birth of the world. But now I prefer happier things: for happy things too bring change. In short, whatever the sea has washed away, the sky has burnt up, the earth has swallowed, the sword has shorn off, returns at another time by way of compensating exchange. For at first too the earth was, over the greater part of its compass, empty and void of men, and wherever some nation had occupied it, it existed for itself alone. Therefore by colour all things (if at last you understand,

Editors' notes and page, col. 1089

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ²⁵ ‹at urbes› · call in col 1089 Ager est et Fran.

"Ager est et" (it is a field and): Franeker edition.

²⁶ ‹censor est› · call in col 1089 Esset Fran.

"Esset" (would be): Franeker edition.

²⁷ ‹mortem vivit› · call in col 1089 (printed there as "26", a misprint for 27) Bibit Fran. mortuum ivit Salm.

"Bibit" (drinks): Franeker edition; "mortuum ivit" (went dead): Salmasius.

²⁸ ‹Vulsinios› · call in col 1089 Add. pristinos Fran.

The Franeker edition adds "pristinos" (former).

²⁹ ‹mutavere› · call in col 1089 Novavere Fran.

"Novavere" (they renewed): Franeker edition.

³⁰ ‹tristitia perget› · call in col 1089 Licuit. Sed piget tristia Fran. Leop.

"Licuit. Sed piget tristia" (It was allowed. But sad things are irksome): Franeker edition, Leopardus.

³¹ ‹mutaverunt› · call in col 1089 Mutaverint Leop.

"Mutaverint" (they may have changed): Leopardus.

³² ‹regnaret› · call in col 1089 Regnavit Fran. regnare Salm.

"Regnavit" (reigned): Franeker edition; "regnare" (to reign): Salmasius.

³³ ‹majorem ambitum› · call in col 1089 Majore ambitu Fran.

"Majore ambitu" (in a greater circuit): Franeker edition.

³⁴ ‹Itaque colore› · call in col 1089 Celore... deferentem Ven.

"Celore ... deferentem": Venice edition.

³⁵ ‹si demum› · call in col 1089 Cogitans omnia si domum Fran. colere omnia sibi, domum Leop.

"Cogitans omnia si domum" (considering all things, if home): Franeker edition; "colere omnia sibi, domum" (to cultivate all things for itself, home): Leopardus.

³⁶ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image A Temeno pariter Peloponesum o. producuntur Leop.

"A Temeno pariter Peloponesum o. producuntur": Leopardus.

³⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Repurgati Salm. propaginati Fran.

"Repurgati" (cleared): Salmasius; "propaginati" (propagated): Franeker edition.

³⁸ ‹concultus et amoenus› · call in col 1090 Consitum et amoenum Fran. consultus et amoenus, codex.

"Consitum et amoenum" (planted and pleasant): Franeker edition; "consultus et amoenus", the codex.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 549)

(41) ‹Solus audiebat› · call in col 1089

Solus audiebat. Ager ille qui nunc frustra est cum nihil ferat, olim in ore omnium erat ob fertilitatem, et vix de alio sermones erant. RIG.

Alone it was heard of. That field, which is now useless since it bears nothing, was once on everyone's lips for its fertility, and there was hardly talk of any other. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(42) ‹Propinquitas maris› · call in col 1089

Propinquitas maris. Hoc est, mare propinquum, quod dicitur mare Mortuum. RIG.

The neighbourhood of a sea. That is, the neighbouring sea, which is called the Dead Sea. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(43) ‹Mortem vivit› · call in col 1089

Mortem vivit. Veram putamus hanc lectionem, etsi in Carmine de Sodoma legatur: « Nec mare vivit ubi mors est maris illa quieti. « Mare illud etiamnum visitur et vivit, sed mortuum vocatur, itaque non vitam vivit, sed mortem. RIG.

It lives death. We think this reading true, although in the Poem on Sodom one reads: "Nor does the sea live where that stillness is the death of the sea." That sea is still visited and lives, but it is called dead; so it lives not life but death. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(44) ‹Pompeios› · call in col 1089

Pompeios. Hanc urbem, Vesuvii obrutam cineribus, excitatam e ruinis tandem nostris prope temporibus fuisse, cuique satis notum est. EDD.

Pompeii. That this city, buried by the ashes of Vesuvius, has at last been raised from its ruins almost in our own times is well enough known to everyone. The editors.

(printed under page 549)

(45) ‹Unicis castris fraudatis› · call in col 1089

Unicis castris fraudatis. Non potest ambigi quin ista sint capienda de Cambysae exercitu in Libycis Syrtibus, immensis arenarum cumulis cooperto atque obruto. Plat. in Alex. SALM.

With a single camp cheated. There can be no doubt that these words are to be taken of the army of Cambyses in the Libyan Syrtes, covered and buried by immense heaps of sand. Plutarch, in the Alexander. Salmasius.

(printed under page 549)

(46) ‹superiorum profanitas› · call in col 1089

Ut autumat superiorum profanitas. De Nino, a quo Assyriorum repetenda origo, diximus olim in animadversionib. contra Praeadam. De eo autem loquitur Diodorus lib. II: Πρῶτος τῶν εἰς ἱστορίαν καὶ μνήμην παραδεδομένων, Νῖνος ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἀσσυρίων; Primus omnium qui in historiam et memoriam transierint, Ninus rex Assyriorum. LE PR.

As the profane learning of earlier men holds. Of Ninus, from whom the origin of the Assyrians must be traced, we spoke formerly in our remarks against the Pre-Adamite. Diodorus speaks of him in book II: "First of those handed down to history and memory, Ninus king of the Assyrians"; "First of all who have passed into history and memory, Ninus king of the Assyrians." Le Prieur.

(printed under page 549)

(47) ‹versura compensati› · call in col 1089

Alias versura compensati. Versura hic non est usura vel fenus, ut perperam vulgo interpretantur, sed τὸ ἀντιστροφόν vel ἡ ἀντιστροφή, ut Graeci calcoenones [last word blurred in the print; reading uncertain] vocant. SALM. — Id est, fit compensatio alia conversione. EDD.

Otherwise, of what was repaid by a turning. "Versura" here is not usury or interest, as it is wrongly interpreted commonly, but the turning-back (Greek antistrophē), as the Greeks [word uncertain] call it. Salmasius. — That is, compensation comes about by another turn. The editors.

(printed under page 549)

(48) ‹Rustare› · call not in image

Rustare. Rustum seu ruscus sunt rubi et sentes; unde ruscare, sive rustare: unde et rustariae falces, sentibus eradendis paratae, apud Varronem, lib. I de Re rustica. Sic in Apologetico, « Edictorum securibus rustatis et caeditis, » c. 4, col. 286. RIG.

To clear brambles. "Rustum" or "ruscus" are brambles and thorns; hence "ruscare" or "rustare"; hence also the "rustariae" sickles, made for rooting out thorns, in Varro, On Agriculture book I. So in the Apology, "You clear and cut with the axes of edicts", ch. 4, col. 286. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(49) ‹Curricula nostra› · call not in image

Curricula nostra. Saeculum nostrum, annis currentibus. RIG.

Our courses. Our age, as the years run on. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(50) ‹Triplex virtus› · call not in image

Triplex virtus. Id est, tres imperatores seu Augusti, de quibus statim, nempe Severus pater, Antoninus et Geta filii. RIG.

Threefold virtue. That is, three emperors or Augusti, of whom presently: namely Severus the father, Antoninus and Geta the sons. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(51) ‹Quot populi repugnati› · call not in image

Quot populi repugnati. Florus, « Poenos mari repugnavit. » RIG.

How many peoples fought back. Florus: "He fought back the Carthaginians by sea." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(52) ‹Cacto› · call not in image

Cacto. Cactus folio spinoso describitur a Plinio lib. XXI, I, cap. 16, et veteribus Glossis, Cactum, ἀκάνθας εἶδος. Hesychius, Κάκτος ἄκανθα, ὑφ' ἧς ἐὰν πληγῇ νεβρὸς ἀχρεῖα ἔχει τὰ ὀστᾶ εἰς αὐλούς. RIG.

With the cactus. The cactus, with a thorny leaf, is described by Pliny, book XXI, I, chapter 16, and in the old Glossaries: "Cactum, a kind of thorn." Hesychius: "Cactus, a thorn; if a fawn is pricked by it, its bones are useless for flutes." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

Page

running head: 1089 LIBER DE PALL[IO] (cut off at right edge)
marginal letters: A tinens de coelo, aut de suo; B licuisse et tristitia perget; C (41) Solus audiebat (commentary); D a quo Assyriorum repetenda origo (commentary)
old-edition numerals: 1035 after fraudatis
other: the word intelligitis was split at the column break and stands whole here (joined on receipt); check that the English reads whole across the break into col 1090
other (Q2a, 2026-10-19): misprints kept as printed: the variant call after "mortem vivit" is printed "26" (a second 26, for 27); in note (45) "Plat. in Alex." is so printed (for Plut.); the English gives Plutarch. Calls 25-32 and (41)-(46) stand in this column (their anchors were wrongly marked "not in image"; corrected).

PL 2:1090

alibi stipantem copiam, alibi deserentem), runcare atque rustare instituit, ut inde velut ex surculis et propaginibus, populi de populis, urbes de urbibus, per ubique orbis pangerentur. Transvolavere redundantium gentium examina. Scythae exuberant Persas: Phoenices in Africam eructant; Romanos Phryges pariunt; Chaldaeum semen in Aegyptum educatur; dehinc, inde cum transducitur, Judaea gens est. Sic et Herculea posteritas. Temeno pariter Peloponnesum occupando producunt. Sic et Iones Nelei comites Asiam novis urbibus instruunt. Sic et Corinthii cum Archia moeniunt Syracusas. Sed vanum jam antiquitas, quando curricula nostra coram. Quantum reformavit orbis saeculum istud! quantum urbium aut produxit, aut auxit, aut reddidit praesentis imperii triplex virtus, Deo tot Augustis in unum favente! quot census transcripti! quot populi repugnati! quot ordines illustrati! quot barbari exclusi! Revera orbis, cultissimum hujus imperii rus est, eradicato omni aconito hostilitatis, et cacto, et rubo subdolae familiaritatis, concultus et amoenus super Alcinoi pometum, et Midae rosetum.

an abundance crowding in one place and deserting in another), it undertook to weed and to clear away brambles, so that from there, as if from shoots and layers, peoples from peoples and cities from cities might be planted everywhere throughout the world. Swarms of overflowing nations flew across. The Scythians overflow onto the Persians; the Phoenicians belch forth into Africa; the Phrygians give birth to the Romans; the Chaldaean seed is reared in Egypt; then, when it is led across from there, it is the Jewish nation. So too the posterity of Hercules: likewise, by occupying the Peloponnese, they spread forth with Temenus. So too the Ionians, companions of Neleus, furnish Asia with new cities. So too the Corinthians with Archias wall Syracuse. But antiquity is now idle, when our own course of years is before our eyes. How much has this age reformed the world! How many cities has the threefold power of the present empire produced, or enlarged, or restored, with God favouring so many Augusti as one! How many censuses enrolled! How many peoples driven back! How many orders made illustrious! How many barbarians shut out! Truly the world is the most cultivated countryside of this empire, with every aconite of hostility rooted out, and the cactus and the bramble of treacherous familiarity, thoroughly tilled and pleasant beyond the orchard of Alcinous and the rose-garden of Midas.

CAPUT III.

Chapter III.

Laudans igitur orbem mutantem, quid denotas hominem? Mutant et bestiae pro veste formam: quanquam et pavo pluma vestis, et quidem de

Praising, then, the world as it changes, why do you brand man with a mark? Beasts too change their form in place of clothing: although the peacock too has its plumage for clothing, and indeed of

Editors' notes and page, col. 1090

Footnotes

(53) ‹concultus et amoenus› · call in col 1090

Concultus et amoenus. Concultum dicit, quod alias simpliciter, cultum; et est contrarium inculto. RIG.

Thoroughly tilled and pleasant. He says "concultum" for what is elsewhere simply "cultum" (tilled); and it is the opposite of "incultum". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 549)

(54) ‹Alcinoi pometum› · call in col 1090

Super Alcinoi pometum. Pomaria Alcinoi regis in Corcyra insula celebrantur a Plinio, lib. XIX, cap. 4. Meminit etiam Homerus, lib VII Odyss., cujus verba citantur a Justino mart. Adv. gen. PAM.

Beyond the orchard of Alcinous. The orchards of King Alcinous on the island of Corcyra are celebrated by Pliny, book XIX, chapter 4. Homer also mentions them, Odyssey book VII, whose words are quoted by Justin Martyr, Against the Gentiles. Pamelius.

(printed under page 549)

Page

running head: LIBER DE PALLIO. 1090 (left edge cut: "IBER DE PALLIO.")
marginal letters: A telligitis alibi stipantem copiam; B aut auxit, aut reddidit; C pensatio alia conversione (in the Commentarius at the page foot); D Rig. (in the Commentarius at the page foot)
old-edition numerals: 1036 after Nelei

PL 2:1091

cataclistis; imo omni conchylio pressior, qua colla florent; et omni patagio inauratior, qua terga fulgent; et omni syrmate solutior, qua caudae jacent; multicolor, et discolor, et versicolor; nunquam ipsa, semper alia; et si semper ipsa quando alia, toties denique mutanda, quoties movenda. Nominandus est et serpens, licet pone pavum: nam et iste quod sortitus esf convertit, corium et aevum. Siquidem ut senium persensit, in angustias stipat, pariterque specum ingrediens, ab ipso statim limine erasus, exuviis ibidem relictis novus explicat: cum squamis et anni recusantur. Hyaena, si observes, sexus annalis est; marem et feminam alternat. Taceo cervum, quod et ipse aetatis suae arbiter, serpente pastus, veneno languescit in juventutem. Est et quadrupes, tardigrada, agrestis, humilis, aspera; testudinem pacuvianam putas? non est: capit et aliis bestiola versiculum, de mediocribus oppido, sed nomen grande; chamaeleontem qui audieris, haud ante gnarus, jam timebis aliquid amplius cum leone, at cum offenderis apud vineam ferme sub pampino totum, ridebis illico

the choicest sort; nay, more deeply dyed than any purple, where the necks bloom; and more gilded than any patagium, where the backs glitter; and more flowing than any trailing robe, where the tails lie; many-coloured, and diversely coloured, and changing in colour; never itself, always another; and even if always itself when another, to be changed, in short, as often as it is to be moved. The serpent too must be named, though after the peacock: for this one also converts what it has been allotted, its hide and its age. For as soon as it has felt old age, it squeezes itself into narrow places, and, entering a hole at the same moment, scraped off right at the very threshold, it unrolls itself new, leaving its slough there: with the scales the years too are cast off. The hyena, if you observe it, is of a yearly sex; it alternates male and female. I pass over the stag, which, itself also the arbiter of its own age, having fed on a serpent, languishes through the venom into youth. There is also a four-footed creature, slow-paced, of the fields, lowly, rough; do you think it the tortoise of Pacuvius? It is not: another little beast too admits a little verse, one of the quite ordinary sort, but with a great name; you who have heard 'chameleon', not knowing it before, will at once fear something more than with the lion, but when you come upon it at a vine, almost wholly under a vine-leaf, you will laugh at once

Editors' notes and page, col. 1091

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ³⁹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Cataclitis Fran. Leop.

"Cataclitis": Franeker edition, Leopardus.

⁴⁰ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Depressior Fran.

"Depressior" (more pressed down): Franeker edition.

⁴¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Angusta se Fran. angustias se Leop.

"Angusta se": Franeker edition; "angustias se": Leopardus.

⁴² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Novus se explicat Leop. nomis explicat Seml. novum se explicat Pam.

"Novus se explicat" (new, it unfolds itself): Leopardus; "nomis explicat": Semler; "novum se explicat": Pamelius.

⁴³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Recursantur al. recurantur al.

"Recursantur": others; "recurantur": others.

⁴⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Et Graeci jam Rhen. egregiam Salm.

"Et Graeci jam" (and the Greeks now): Rhenanus; "egregiam": Salmasius.

⁴⁵ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Qui minutioribus multo licet Fran.

"Qui minutioribus multo licet": Franeker edition.

⁴⁶ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Si inserit Salm.

"Si inserit" (if it inserts): Salmasius.

⁴⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Indefessus Paris.

"Indefessus" (unwearied): Paris edition.

⁴⁸ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Totus, nec aliud Fran.

"Totus, nec aliud" (whole, and nothing else): Franeker edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 550)

(55) ‹Vestis de cataclistis› · call not in image

Vestis de cataclistis. De pretiosis ac diligentius asservatis. Sic Apuleio lib. XI: « Chorus veste nivea et cataclista praenitens; » et Sexto Empirico: Τίμιον καὶ κατακλεῖστον. Hesych. Κατάκλειστοι, ἐν Κορίνθῳ ἑταῖραι τινες, quae scilicet vulgo minime parerent, qualis illa Catulli, / Servanda nigris diligentius uvis. RIG.

Of the shut-away garments. Of precious garments, kept with special care. So in Apuleius, book XI: "A choir shining in snow-white and shut-away garments"; and in Sextus Empiricus: "precious and shut away". Hesychius: "Shut-away women: certain courtesans at Corinth", that is, women who did not appear in public at all, like that one of Catullus: / "To be guarded more carefully than black grapes." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(56) ‹Omni conchylio pressior› · call not in image

Omni conchylio pressior. Pressa purpura dicitur, quae purius et meracius lucet. Etenim laus ei summa color sanguinis pressi et concreti, nigricans aspectu, idemque suspectu refulgens. Plin. IX, 38. RIG.

Deeper than any shell-purple. Purple is called "pressed" which shines more purely and undiluted. For its highest praise is the colour of pressed and clotted blood, blackish when looked at, yet gleaming when looked up at. Pliny IX, 38. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(57) ‹Qua colla florent› · call not in image

Qua colla florent. Florere, de purpura dicitur. Ipse Tertull. libro de Idol.: « Qualis de humeris ejus purpura floreret. » RIG.

Where the necks bloom. "To bloom" is said of purple. Tertullian himself in the book On Idolatry: "What purple would bloom from his shoulders." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(58) ‹Et omni patagio› · call not in image

Et omni patagio. Patagium, unde patagia vestis, nihil aliud est quam clavus aureus, qui ad summam tunicam assuebatur: vulgo in matronis patagium dicebatur, et clavus in viris. LE PR.

And than every border. "Patagium", whence the patagia of a garment, is nothing other than a golden stripe sewn on at the top of the tunic: commonly it was called "patagium" on matrons and "clavus" on men. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 550)

(59) ‹Omni syrmate solutior› · call not in image

Omni syrmate solutior. Tragica vestis: inde et mulieres tragicae quoque induebantur solutim et laxim. LAC. — Ita vocabantur a verbo Graeco σύρω, quia a tergo fluebat et pone talos humi protrahebatur. EDD.

Looser than any trailing robe. A tragic garment: hence tragic women too were dressed loosely and slackly. Lacerda. — They were so called from the Greek verb "syrō" (I drag), because it flowed down behind and was drawn along the ground behind the ankles. The editors.

(printed under page 550)

(60) ‹In angustias stipat› · call not in image

In angustias stipat. Ipse, lib. ad Martyras: « Regulus in arcae genus stipatus. » RIG.

It packs into narrows. He himself, in the book To the Martyrs: "Regulus packed into a kind of chest." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(61) ‹Et anni recusantur› · call not in image

Et anni recusantur. Derelinquuntur una cum exuviis. Modo lectum fuit explicat, pro explicatur. EDD.

And the years are refused. They are left behind together with the sloughs. Just now "explicat" was read for "explicatur". The editors.

(printed under page 550)

(62) ‹Aliis› · call not in image

Aliis. Pro alia, usurpatum etiam Catullo. RIG.

Aliis. For "alia", a usage also in Catullus. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(63) ‹Audaciam et Graeciam nominis› · call not in image

Audaciam et Graeciam nominis. Quid supra audaciam, nisi impudentiam? Itaque, ut etiam aliquid supra impudentiam diceret, dicit Graeciam. Vulgatum est illud Martialis; / Sed Graeci, quibus est nihil negatum. / Et Juvenalis: / Et quidquid Graecia mendax / Audet in historia. RIG. — Graeciam nominis. Sic legitur in codice Divionensi.

Daring and Greekness of name. What is beyond daring, if not shamelessness? So, to say something even beyond shamelessness, he says "Greekness". That line of Martial is well known: / "But the Greeks, to whom nothing is denied." / And Juvenal's: / "And whatever lying Greece / dares in history." Rigaltius. — Greekness of name. So it reads in the Dijon codex.

(printed under page 550)

(64) ‹minutioribus multo liquet› · call not in image

Quo minutioribus multo liquet. Sic habent libri veteres, nisi quod scribunt, licet, pro liquet, nec video cur aliud mutari quidquam debuerit. Non est, inquit, chamaeleontis corpori succus, quo minutioribus multo insectis plerisque liquet: hoc est, cujus liquore minutiora multo non carent. Liquet succo, impersonaliter dicitur, ut in prodigiis, pluit lacte, sanguine, etc. RIG.

With which much tinier things are juicy. So the old books have it, except that they write "licet" for "liquet", and I do not see why anything else should have been changed. The chameleon's body, he says, has no juice, with which most much tinier insects are moist: that is, whose moisture much tinier creatures do not lack. "Liquet succo" is said impersonally, as in prodigies, "it rained milk, blood", etc. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(65) ‹Chamaeleon, pellicula vivit› · call not in image

Chamaeleon, pellicula vivit. Etsi nihil sit aliud quam pellicula, tamen vivit. RIG.

The chameleon, a little skin, lives. Though it is nothing but a little skin, yet it lives. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(66) ‹Follicans› · call not in image

Follicans. In modum follis inflatus. RIG.

Bellows-like. Puffed up like a bellows. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(67) ‹De corio suo ludere› · call not in image

De corio suo ludere. Martialis, in Cerdonem quemdam tam ambitiose fatuum, ut de pecunia sarciendis pellibus quaesita gladiatores populo daret: / Ebrius es, nec enim faceres id sobrius unquam, / Ut velles corio ludere, Cerdo, tuo. RIG.

To play with one's own hide. Martial, against a certain Cerdo so ambitiously foolish that he gave the people gladiators with money earned by patching hides: / "You are drunk; for sober you would never do it, / to want to play with your own hide, Cerdo." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 550)

(68) ‹hominem praestructim perveniretur› · call not in image

Ut ad hominem praestructim perveniretur. Praestruenda fuere multa, ut ad hominem perveniretur. RIG. — Multa dicendum fuit. Est Graecismus, sive imitatio formae in verbalibus τεος, α, ον. adhibitae: v. g. πολλὰ πρακτέον ἐστι, id est, multa agenda sunt, de verbo ad verbum, multa agendum est. EDD.

So that one might arrive at man by way of preparation. Many things had to be laid down first, so that one might arrive at man. Rigaltius. — "Multa dicendum fuit" (many things it was to be said). It is a Graecism, or an imitation of the form used in verbals in -teos, -a, -on: for example "polla prakteon esti", that is, "many things are to be done"; word for word, "many things it is to be done". The editors.

(printed under page 550)

(69) ‹Haud dum licitum› · call not in image

Haud dum licitum. Adam enim, fructum vetitum gustare volendo, sapientiam, qua ipsi nondum licitum erat potiri, praeripere attentavit. EDD.

Not yet permitted. For Adam, by wishing to taste the forbidden fruit, tried to snatch before its time the wisdom which he was not yet permitted to possess. The editors.

(printed under page 550)

(70) ‹Exterminat› · call not in image

Exterminat. Id est, exterminatur, expellitur de originis loco, nempe de paradiso. EDD.

Banishes. That is, is banished, is driven out of the place of his origin, namely paradise. The editors.

(printed under page 550)

Page

running head: 1091 TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — (cut off at right edge)
marginal letters: A cataclistis (55); imo omni conchylio pressior; C serpente pastus, veneno languescit in juventutem; (in the notes below: C beside (55) Vestis de cataclistis; D beside (58) Et omni patagio)
old-edition numerals: 1037 after ab
other: "esf" may be damaged type for "est", UNSURE; "juventutem" is followed by a raised dot; column ends mid-sentence at "illico"; the headings "Variae lectiones" and "Commentarius" run across the page and are cut off at the edge, not set; variant readings (39–48) and the editors' commentary notes (55)–(63) at the page foot, not set

PL 2:1092

audaciam et Graeciam nominis; quippe nec succus est corpori, quo minutioribus multo liquet. Chamaeleon, pellicula, vivit: capitulum statim a dorso, nam deficit cervix; itaque durum reflecti, sed circumspectu emissitii ocelli, imo luminis puncta vertiginant: hebes, fessus vix a terra suspendit, molitur incessum stupens et promovet, gradum magis demonstrat quam explicat, jejunus scilicet semper et indefectus, oscitans vescitur, follicans ruminat, de vento cibus. Tamen et chamaeleon mutare totus nec alius, valet. Nam cum illi coloris proprietas una sit, ut quid accessit, inde suffunditur. Hoc soli chamaeleonti datum, quod vulgo dictum est de corio suo ludere. Multa dicendum fuit, ut ad hominem praestructim pervenirctur. Hunc quoquo primordio accipitis, nudus certe et investis figulo suo constitit; post demum sapientiam, haud dum licitum praereptam, potitur. Ibidem quod in novo corpore indebitum adhuc pudori erat, protegere festinans, in ficulneis foliis interim circumdat: dehinc cum de originis loco exterminat, pellitus orbi ut metallo datur. Sed arcana ista nec

at the audacity and Greekness of the name; for indeed there is no juice in its body, with which far smaller creatures are moist. The chameleon, a mere little skin, lives: its little head comes straight from the back, for the neck is lacking; and so it is hard for it to turn back, but with roving sight its protruding little eyes, or rather points of light, whirl about: sluggish, weary, it scarcely lifts itself from the ground, it labours at its gait, torpid, and pushes forward, rather indicating a step than completing it, always fasting, of course, and yet never failing; it feeds by gaping, it chews the cud puffed out like a bellows, its food is from the wind. Yet the chameleon too is able to change wholly and yet be none other. For though the property of its colour is one, whatever has come near it, with that it is suffused. To the chameleon alone has this been given, what is commonly said, to play with its own hide. Much had to be said, so that by way of preparation one might arrive at man. As for him, from whatever beginning you accept him, he certainly stood naked and unclothed before his potter; only afterwards does he gain possession of wisdom, snatched before it was yet permitted. There, hastening to cover what in his new body was until then not yet owed to shame, he girds it meanwhile with fig leaves: then, when he is banished from the place of his origin, he is handed over, clad in skins, to the world as to a mine. But these secret matters it is not

Editors' notes and page, col. 1092

Footnotes

(71) ‹ut metallo› · call in col 1092

Orbi ut metallo. Ut servus ad metalla, ita ad spinas et tribulos damnatus est protoparens. EDD.

To the world as to a mine. As a slave is condemned to the mines, so the first parent was condemned to thorns and thistles. The editors.

(printed under page 550)

Page

running head: UM PARS II. — SERIES II, MORALIA. 1092 (left part cut off at image edge)
marginal letters: A ‹audaciam et Graeciam›; B (none); C ‹nem praestructim pervenirctur›; D (none; D stands beside the Commentarius, not the text)
old-edition numerals: 1038 after ‹ruminat›

PL 2:1093

omnium nosse. Credo jam de vestro, quod Aegyptii narrant, et Alexander digerit, et mater legit ea tempestate Osiridis, qua ad illum ex Libya Ammon facit, ovium dives. Denique cum ipsi Mercurium autumant forte palpati arietis mollitie delectatum, diglubasse oviculam; dumque pertentat, et quod facilitas materiae suadebat, tractu prosequente filum eliquat in restis pristini modum, quem phylirae tenus junxerat exisse. Sed vos omnem lanicii dispensationem, structuramque telarum Minervae maluistis, cum penes Arachnen diligentior officina. Exinde materia; nec de ovibus dico Milesiis, et Selgicis, et Altinis, aut quis Tarentum vel Boetica cluit, natura colorante, sed quoniam et arbusta vestiunt, et lini herbida post virorem lavacro nivescunt; nec fuit satis tunicam pangere et serere, ni etiam piscari vestitum contigisset: nam et de mari vellera, quo muscosae lanositatis plautiores conchae comant. Prorsus haud latet bombycem, vermiculi genus est, quae per aerem liquando araneorum horoscopis idonius sedes tendit,

for all to know. I now believe [I speak] of your own [lore], what the Egyptians relate, and Alexander sets in order, and his mother reads, about that time of Osiris when Ammon, rich in sheep, makes his way to him out of Libya. In short, they themselves assert that Mercury, delighted by chance with the softness of a ram he had stroked, flayed a little ewe; and while he tries it out, and as the pliancy of the material suggested, with a drawing-out that followed he draws off a thread, and it came forth in the manner of the rope of old, which he had joined with a strip of linden bark. But you preferred [to assign] the whole management of wool-working and the construction of webs to Minerva, although the more diligent workshop was with Arachne. Thence the material; and I do not speak of the sheep of Miletus, and of Selge, and of Altinum, or those for which Tarentum or Baetica is renowned, with nature doing the colouring, but [I speak of it] because shrubs too provide clothing, and the grassy stalks of flax, after their greenness, become snow-white by washing; nor was it enough to fashion and sew a tunic, unless it had also fallen to [man's] lot to fish for clothing: for from the sea too [come] fleeces, wherewith the flatter shells of mossy woolliness are tufted. Assuredly it is not unknown that the silkworm, it is a kind of little worm, which, by melting through the air, stretches out its seats more fittingly than the dials of spiders,

Editors' notes and page, col. 1093

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁴⁹ ‹et mater› · call in col 1093 Afer Fran. — Vasit ovium.

"Afer" (the African): Franeker edition. — "Vasit ovium".

⁵⁰ ‹cum ipsi› · call in col 1093 Ipsis Leop.

"Ipsis" (themselves): Leopardus.

⁵¹ ‹diglubasse› · call in col 1093 Deglubasse Leop.

"Deglubasse" (to have flayed): Leopardus.

⁵² ‹eliquat› · call in col 1093 Eliquasse Fran.

"Eliquasse" (to have strained out): Franeker edition.

⁵³ ‹exisse› · call in col 1093 In restis pristinae modum, quam philyra tenui vinxerat, texuisse edd. vet.

"To have woven it in the manner of the ancient rope, which he had bound with thin linden-bast": the old editions.

⁵⁴ ‹Selgicis› · call in col 1093 Salgicis Fran.

"Salgicis": Franeker edition.

⁵⁵ ‹plautiores› · call in col 1093 (printed there as "56", a misprint for 55) Lautiores Fran.

"Lautiores" (more elegant): Franeker edition.

⁵⁶ ‹liquando› · call in col 1093 Aliquando Fran.

"Aliquando" (at some time): Franeker edition.

⁵⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Vacuo Salm. aeque Fran.

"Vacuo" (empty): Salmasius; "aeque" (equally): Franeker edition.

⁵⁸ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Stamine Fran. nematam jam stamen evolves Salm.

"Stamine" (with the warp): Franeker edition; "nematam jam stamen evolves" (you will unwind the thread already spun): Salmasius.

⁵⁹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Pellendos urbe Fran. Rig.

"Pellendos urbe" (to be driven from the city): Franeker edition, Rigaltius.

⁶⁰ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Admodum Graecis estis Fran. Graeci estis al.

"Admodum Graecis estis": Franeker edition; "Graeci estis" (you are Greeks): others.

(Commentarius) (71*) ‹Alexander digerit› · call in col 1093 Quod Aegyptii narrant, et Alexander digerit. Haec de Alexandro Polyhistore, quem Suidas Milesium fuisse refert, et bello captum in Cornelii Lentuli familia paedagogum egisse, posteaque manumissum Cornelii nomine vocitatum; scripsisse autem quamplurima, unde illi cognomentum Polyhistori. Is frequens apparet inter auctores a Plinio citatos libris Historiae naturalis. Atque ipsius quidem fuisse videntur libri de rebus Phrygiorum et Aegyptiorum ad matrem suam, unde haec sumpta quae de Mercurio Septimius hoc loco notat. Unde etiam sumpta, quae Athenagoras in Apol., quae Cyprianus de Idol., quae Minutius in Octavio, quae et Augustinus, libris de Civ. Dei, lib. VII, cap 5 et 27, et lib. XII, cap. 10, Alexandro Macedoni Magno, Philippi filio tribuunt, decepti fortasse titulo, Alexandri de rebus Aegyptiorum ad matrem, quam statim interpretati sunt Olympiadem. Itaque iis nasutior fuit Tertullianus. RIG.

What the Egyptians tell and Alexander sets out. This is about Alexander Polyhistor, who Suidas reports was a Milesian, captured in war, served as tutor in the household of Cornelius Lentulus, and afterwards, manumitted, was called by the name Cornelius; and that he wrote a great many things, whence his surname Polyhistor. He appears often among the authors cited by Pliny in the books of the Natural History. And to him indeed seem to have belonged the books on the affairs of the Phrygians and Egyptians, addressed to his mother, from which were taken the things that Septimius notes here about Mercury. From the same were taken what Athenagoras in the Apology, Cyprian on Idols, Minucius in the Octavius, and Augustine too in the books of the City of God, book VII, chapters 5 and 27, and book XII, chapter 10, attribute to Alexander the Great of Macedon, son of Philip, deceived perhaps by the title "Alexander, On the Affairs of the Egyptians, to his Mother", which they at once took to mean Olympias. So Tertullian had a keener nose than they. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(72) ‹Libya Hammon facit› · call in col 1093

Ea tempestate Osiridis qua ad illum ex Libya Hammon facit. Hyginus in Ariete, ex Leone qui res Aegyptias conscripsit, Hammonem refert ex Africa venisse ad Liberum. Liber autem apud Aegyptios (V. lib. de Corona). RIG. — Qua ad illum ex Libya Ammon facit. Facit, hoc loco est facessit, iter vadit, proficiscitur. Sic lib. de Patientia, Alterum ad alterum non facit, id est non admittit. RIG.

At that time of Osiris when Hammon makes his way to him out of Libya. Hyginus, under the Ram, reports from Leo, who wrote on Egyptian affairs, that Hammon came out of Africa to Liber. Liber, among the Egyptians (see the book On the Crown). Rigaltius. — When Ammon makes to him out of Libya. "Facit" here is "facessit": he takes the road, sets out. So in the book On Patience, "One does not make to the other", that is, does not admit it. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(73) ‹facilitas materiae suadebat› · call in col 1093

Quod facilitas materiae suadebat. Materiae scilicet sequacis in fila lentitiae. RIG.

What the ease of the material suggested. That is, of the pliancy of a material that followed into threads. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(74) ‹philyrae tenus junxerat› · call in col 1093

Quem philyrae tenus junxerat. Prisci illi restes de philyra, hoc est, de tiliae membrana fasciatim dissecta intorquebant. Tenus philyrae, est tenia seu laqueus et vinculum ex philyra. Tenus autem et Tenia, Graeca sunt. Hesychius, Τέναι ζῶναι. Item Τέναι, ζῶναι στέφανοι, δεσμοὶ, διαδήματα. Item, Τέννος, ὑφάντος ἐλαΐνος ἐρίῳ πεπλεγμένος. RIG.

Which a band of linden-bast had joined. Those ancients twisted ropes from linden-bast, that is, from the inner skin of the lime tree cut into strips. "Tenus philyrae" is a band, or noose and tie, of linden-bast. "Tenus" and "tenia" are Greek. Hesychius: "Tenai: girdles." Again: "Tenai: girdles, garlands, bonds, diadems." Again: "Tennos: an olive [branch] woven, plaited with wool." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(75) ‹etiam piscari vestitum contigisset› · call in col 1093

Nec fuit satis tunicam pangere, ni etiam piscari vestitum contigisset. Est in hunc sensum praeclara Plinii indignatio: « Quid mari, inquit, cum vestibus; si tanta ventri cum eo societas, quid tergori? Parum sit, nisi qui vescimur periculis, etiam vestiamur, » etc., lib. IX, cap. 35. Is tamen de muscosa ista concharum lanositate nihil. RIG.

Nor was it enough to fashion a tunic, unless one had also managed to fish for clothing. To this effect is Pliny's splendid indignation: "What has the sea to do with clothes," he says; "if the belly has such fellowship with it, what has the back? Let it be too little that we feed on perils, unless we are also clothed by them," etc., book IX, chapter 35. Yet he says nothing of that mossy woolliness of the shells. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(76) ‹de mari vellera› · call in col 1093

Nam et de mari vellera. Marinum vellus Graeci πίννινον, seu πιννικὸν ἔριον dicunt. RIG.

For fleeces too from the sea. The Greeks call sea-fleece "pinninon", or "pinnikon erion" (pinna-wool). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(77) ‹Plautiores conchae› · call in col 1093

Plautiores conchae, πλατότεραι, ad plausum aptiores: unde etiam formatum est latrans Plauti nomen. RIG.

Flatter shells, "platoterai" (broader), fitter for clapping: whence too the barking name of Plautus was formed. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(7) [so numbered in the print; it is note 78] ‹Proinde si necaveris› · call not in image

Proinde si necaveris. Sequenda videtur Salmasii lectio haec, proinde si necaveris, nematam jam, stamen evolves. Hoc est, si animalculum illud necaveris antequam nema suum reddiderit, ex ima alvo postea evolves stamen quo oppletur. LE PR.

So if you kill it. This reading of Salmasius seems the one to follow: "so if you kill it, already spun, you will unwind the thread." That is, if you kill that little creature before it has given out its thread, you will afterwards unwind from the bottom of its belly the thread with which it is filled. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 551)

(79) ‹Praeter urbem censebat› · call not in image

Praeter urbem censebat. Ex urbe pellebat. RIG.

He assessed them out of the city. He drove them out of the city. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(80) ‹Juridicinae suae tempore› · call not in image

Juridicinae suae tempore. Hoc est, Praeturae. RIG.

In the time of his judgeship. That is, of his praetorship. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(81) ‹Humerum exertus› · call not in image

Humerum exertus. Cinctu Gabino. LE PR.

With his shoulder bared. In the Gabine girding. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 551)

(82) ‹Romanitas omni salus› · call not in image

Quid nunc si est Romanitas omni salus, etc. Hic vero ante Salmasium erant tenebrae caliginosissimae. Sequimur accensa face praeeuntem. Tertullianus Carthaginienses suos alloquitur: Si Romanos mores amplecti cunctis populis utile est et gloriosum, quid nunc per studia prorsus inhonesta atque inutilia ad Graecos abitis? Aut ni sic facitis, unde gentium palaestra quae solet effoetum corpus tradere senectuti, et incassum laborare, vestras provincias invasit melius exercitas, et ab natura telluri potius subigendae comparatas? Unde gentium, nisi ex Graecia ad nos venit lutea illa unctio, et pulverea volutatio, et arida saginatio? RIG.

What now if Romanness is salvation to all, etc. Here before Salmasius there was the murkiest darkness. We follow him as he goes ahead with a lighted torch. Tertullian addresses his Carthaginians: If it is useful and glorious for all peoples to embrace Roman ways, why now do you go off to the Greeks in pursuits wholly dishonourable and useless? Or if you do not, from what part of the world has the wrestling-school, which is wont to hand over a worn-out body to old age and to toil in vain, invaded your provinces, better exercised and fitted by nature rather for subduing the soil? From what part of the world, if not from Greece, came to us that muddy anointing, that rolling in the dust, and that dry fattening? Rigaltius.

(printed under page 551)

(83) ‹Male senescentia› · call not in image

Male senescentia. Duplex hic est interpretatio: Aut enim palaestrae studia male senescentia apud Carthaginienses dicuntur, qui cum in desuetudinem fere abirent, ea renovavit Severus. Aut ideo male senescentia dicuntur, quia raro senescunt pugiles. LE PR.

Badly ageing. There is a twofold interpretation here: either the pursuits of the wrestling-school are called badly ageing among the Carthaginians because, when they had almost fallen out of use, Severus renewed them; or they are called badly ageing because boxers seldom grow old. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 551)

(84) ‹Arida saginatio› · call not in image

Arida saginatio. Errat vir maximus qui ari- (continues)

Dry fattening. That very great man errs who ... (continues)

(printed under page 551)

Page

running head: 1093 LIBER DE PALL[IO] (cut off at right edge)
marginal letters: A omnium nosse. Credo jam de vestro; B (71*) Quod Aegyptii narrant (in commentary); C herbida post virorem lavacro nivescunt; D nus. Rig. / (72) Ea tempestate Osiridis (in commentary)
old-edition numerals: 1039 after exisse
other (Q2a, 2026-10-19): misprints kept as printed: the variant call after "plautiores" is printed "56" (a second 56, for 55); a stray vertical bar is printed before "et mater" (not set). Calls 49-56 and (71*)-(77) stand in this column (their anchors were wrongly marked "not in image"; corrected). In note (74) "δεσμοὶ," carries a grave before the comma as printed.
other: UNSURE (Q2a): in note (74), at the foot image's resolution "διαδήματα" may be printed "διοδήματα", and "ἐλαΐνος" may be printed "ἐλαῖνος"; left as set, to be checked at higher resolution.

PL 2:1094

dehinc devorat, mox alvo reddere, proinde si necaveris animata jam stamina volves. Tantam igitur paraturam materiarum ingenia quoque vestificinae prosecuta, primum tegendo homini, qua necessitas praecessit, dehinc et ornando, imo et inflando qua ambitio successit, varias indumentorum formas promulgavere; quarum pars gentilitus inhabitantur, caeteris incommunes; pars vero passivitus omnibus utiles, ut hoc pallium, et si Graecum magis, sed lingua jam penes Latium est: cum voce vestis intravit. Atque adeo ipse qui Graecos praeter urbem censebat, litteras eorum vocemque senex jam eruditus, idem Cato juridicinae suo in tempore humerum exertus, haud minus palliato habitu Graecis favit. Quid nunc, si est Romanitas omni salus, nec honestis tamen modis ad Graios estis? Aut, ni ita est, unde gentium in provinciis melius exercitis, quas natura agro potius eluctando commodavit, studia palestrae male senescentia, et cassum laborantia, et lutea unctio, et pulverea volutatio, et arida saginatio? Unde apud aliquos

then devours, and soon gives back from its belly; so that, if you kill it, you will unwind threads already alive. So then the talents of the clothing-craft, following up so great a provision of materials, first in covering man, where necessity led the way, then also in adorning, and indeed in puffing [him] up, where ambition came after, have put forth various forms of garments; of which some are worn by particular nations, not shared with the rest, while others are useful to all without distinction, like this pallium, which, even if it is rather Greek, is yet in its name now at home in Latium: with the word the garment came in. And indeed that very man who voted the Greeks out of the city, having as an old man learned their letters and their tongue, that same Cato, with his shoulder bared in the time of his praetorship, favoured the Greeks no less by wearing the pallium. What now, if Romanness is salvation to all, and yet you go over to the Greeks in ways that are not honourable? Or, if it is not so, whence in the world, among provinces better employed, which nature fitted rather for struggling with the soil, come the pursuits of the wrestling-school, ageing badly and labouring in vain, and the muddy anointing, and the dusty rolling, and the dry fattening? Whence among some

Editors' notes and page, col. 1094

Page

running head: [LI]BER DE PALLIO. 1094
marginal letters: A dehinc devorat, mox alvo; B clara Plinii indignatio (commentary); C Quid nunc, si est Romanitas; D (81) Humerum exertus (commentary)
old-edition numerals: 1040 after censebat
other: running head cut at left edge; left column (1093) partly visible, not set; full-width headings "Variae lectiones" and "Commentarius" and the variant line not set here (the notes printed under page 551, variants 49-60 and commentary (71*)-(84), are set in n1093); "cas/sum" split across lines without visible hyphen, joined as cassum; "Atque", "dehinc" (second), "omni", "lutea" read through worn type; "palestrae" so printed (commentary has palaestrae)
other: the call after "estis" ("ad Graios estis") is printed 61, but the variant it answers ("Admodum Graecis estis ... Graeci estis al.") is printed 60 in the Variae lectiones; both kept as printed (Q1a).

PL 2:1095

Numidas, etiam equis caesariatos, juxta outem tonsor, et cultri vertex solus immunis? Unde apud hirtos et hirsutos, tam rapax a culo resina, tam furax a mento volsella? Prodigium est haec sine pallio fieri. Illius est haec tota res Asiae. Quid tibi Libya et Europa cum xistycis munditiis, quas vestire non nosti? Rev⟨e⟩ra enim quale est Graecatim depilari magis quam amiciri?

Numidians, even maned with horsehair, the barber close to the skin, and the crown alone exempt from the razor? Whence, among the shaggy and the hairy, the resin so rapacious from the backside, the tweezers so thievish from the chin? It is a marvel that these things are done without the pallium. This whole business belongs to Asia. What have you, Libya, and Europe to do with athletes' refinements, which you do not know how to clothe? For indeed, what sort of thing is it to be depilated in the Greek fashion rather than to be clothed?

CAPUT IV.

Chapter IV.

Habitum transferre ita demum culpae prope est, si non consuetudo, sed natura mutetur. Sat refert inter honorem temporis et religionem. Det consuetudo fidem tempori, natura Deo. Naturam itaque concussit Larissaeus heros in virginem mutando: ille ferarum medullis educatus, unde et nominis concilium, quandoquidem labiis vacuerat ab uberum gustu; ille apud rupicem, et silvicolam, et monstrum eruditorem scrupea schola eruditus. Feras, si in puero matris sollicitudinem patiens, certe jam histriculus, certe jam virum alicui clanculus functus, adhuc sustinet stolam fundere, comam struere, cutem fingere, speculum consulere, collum demulcere, aurem quoque foratu effeminatus, quod illi apud Sigaeum strongyla servat. Plane postea miles est: necessitas

To change one's dress comes near to fault only if not custom but nature is changed. There is a considerable difference between the honour due to time and religion. Let custom keep faith with time, nature with God. And so the Larissaean hero shook nature by changing into a maiden: he who was reared on the marrow of wild beasts, whence also the reckoning of his name, since his lips had been free from the taste of the breast; he who was schooled in a rugged school under a rock-dwelling and forest-dwelling tutor, a monster for a teacher. You might bear it if as a boy he submitted to a mother's anxiety; but surely already a little actor, surely already having secretly played the man for someone, he still endures to let a stola flow, to build up his hair, to dress his skin, to consult the mirror, to stroke his neck, effeminate even in the piercing of his ear, which the round earring at Sigeum keeps for him. Of course afterwards he is a soldier: necessity

Editors' notes and page, col. 1095

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁶¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Exoticis Fran. rusticis Rhen.

"Exoticis" (foreign): Franeker edition; "rusticis" (rustic): Rhenanus.

⁶² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Depellari Fran.

"Depellari": Franeker edition.

⁶³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Cultus probrum Fran. cultae prope Seml.

"Cultus probrum" (a disgrace of dress): Franeker edition; "cultae prope": Semler.

⁶⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Religionem Dei edd. vet.

"Religionem Dei" (the religion of God): the old editions.

⁶⁵ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Ustriculis Fran.

"Ustriculis": Franeker edition.

⁶⁶ ‹culus functus› · call in col 1095 Alicujus clanculo Fran.

"Alicujus clanculo" (secretly, of someone): Franeker edition.

⁶⁷ ‹apud Sigaeum strongyla› · call in col 1095 Statua Fran.

"Statua" (statue): Franeker edition.

⁶⁸ ‹et exeduratas› · call in col 1096 Exodoratas Fran.

"Exodoratas" (scented): Franeker edition.

⁶⁹ ‹inureret sciria› · call in col 1096 Stiria Fran. ciria Seml.

"Stiria": Franeker edition; "ciria": Semler.

⁷⁰ ‹inter antias adumbrati› · call in col 1096 Genuinos i. a. adumbratos Fran.

"Genuinos i[nter] a[ntias] adumbratos": Franeker edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 552)

(84) (continued) ‹Arida saginatio› · call on the previous page

dam saginationem ξηραλοιφήν interpretatur, cum sit ξηροφαγία, quae athletarum propria erat. SALM.

[who] interprets "dry fattening" as "xēraloiphē" (dry anointing), whereas it is "xērophagia" (a diet of dry food), which was proper to athletes. Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

(85) ‹apud aliquos Numidas› · call not in image

Unde apud aliquos Numidas. Carthaginienses dicit esse quadamtenus Numidas, quia scilicet Numidarum affines. RIG.

Whence among some Numidians. He says the Carthaginians are in some measure Numidians, namely because they are neighbours of the Numidians. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(86) ‹equis caesariatos› · call not in image

Etiam equis caesariatos. Quibus equina ad galeam erat caesaries. RIG.

Maned even with horses. Who had a horse's mane on their helmet. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(87) ‹Juxta cutem tonsor› · call not in image

Juxta cutem tonsor, et cultri vertex solus immunis. Barba juxta cutem rasa, acriore tonsura, solo capite intonso. Verticem pro capite posuit. RIG.

The barber close to the skin, and the crown alone exempt from the razor. The beard shaved close to the skin, with a keener shaving, the head alone unshorn. He put "crown" for "head". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(88) ‹ab ala resina› · call not in image

Tam rapax ab ala resina. Hinc alipilarius qui resina et dropace alas pilabat. Nam alipila resina erat, qua alae pilabantur. SALM.

The resin so grasping from the armpit. Hence the "alipilarius", who plucked the armpits with resin and pitch-plaster. For the "alipila" was the resin with which the armpits were plucked. Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

(89) ‹a mento volsella› · call not in image

Tam furax a mento volsella. Canis intercipiendis, suffurandis, intervellendis. RIG.

The tweezers so thievish from the chin. For catching, stealing away and plucking out grey hairs. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(90) ‹Xysticis munditiis› · call not in image

Xysticis munditiis. Athletae et palaestritae exercebantur in xystis et porticibus nudi; ideoque summa illis fuit cura corporis et munditiarum. RIG.

With the elegances of the colonnade. Athletes and wrestlers trained naked in the colonnades and porticoes; and so they had the greatest care for the body and its elegances. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(91) ‹Habitum transferre› · call not in image

Habitum transferre. Idem est ac si diceret, habitum transferre, ita demum habitus probrum est, atqui vestimentum vestimenti probrum non est, sed hominis. SALM.

To change one's dress. It is as if he said: to change one's dress is then at last a disgrace of dress; yet the garment is not the garment's disgrace, but the man's. Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

(92) ‹Det consuetudo fidem tempori› · call not in image

Det consuetudo fidem tempori. Praeclare haec restituit Salmasius ad sensum et manum Tertulliani. Sane debet consuetudo fidem tempori, cum ipsa nihil sit aliud quam temporis usus diuturni. Ita qui consuetudinem mutat, tempus tantum spernit. At natura fidem debet Deo, nempe auctori suo; naturam enim condidit Deus, impressa est naturae manuum divinarum majestas. Homo ipse est portio principalissima naturae. Ipsa igitur hominis natura fidem Deo conditori suo debet. Si fidem fallit, si naturam suam vir sui effeminatione, aut alio quovis plagio violat fraudatve, tum vero naturae ac divinae majestatis reus est. RIG.

Let custom keep faith with time. Salmasius restored these words splendidly to Tertullian's sense and hand. Custom indeed owes faith to time, since it is itself nothing else than the use of long time. So whoever changes custom slights only time. But nature owes faith to God, that is, to its author; for God founded nature, and the majesty of the divine hands is stamped on nature. Man himself is the most principal portion of nature. Man's very nature, then, owes faith to God its founder. If it breaks faith, if a man violates or defrauds his nature by making himself effeminate or by any other kidnapping of it, then indeed he is guilty against nature and the divine majesty. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(93) ‹Unde et nominis concilium› · call not in image

Unde et nominis concilium. Unde sibi nomen ascivit et conciliavit. RIG.

Whence also the winning of a name. Whence he took and won a name for himself. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(94) ‹rupicem et silvicolam› · call not in image

Apud rupicem et silvicolam. Rupex non a rupibus, nam prima corripitur, sed a Graeco ῥύπαξ, incultus, sic petrones a petris. SALM.

With a boor and forest-dweller. "Rupex" is not from "rupes" (rocks), for the first syllable is short, but from the Greek "rhypax", unkempt; so "petrones" from "petrae". Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

(95) ‹Monstrum eruditorem› · call not in image

Monstrum eruditorem. Hoc est, monstrosum praeceptorem sive doctorem. Chironem significat, ex equo et homine Centaurum. RIG.

A monster for tutor. That is, a monstrous preceptor or teacher. He means Chiron, the Centaur, of horse and man. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(96) ‹Jam histriculus› · call not in image

Jam histriculus. In Glossis histriculus, et hirticulus, δασύπρωκτος. RIG.

Now a little player. In the Glossaries "histriculus" and "hirticulus" are glossed "dasyprōktos" (hairy-rumped). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(97) ‹Clanculus functus› · call in col 1095

Clanculus functus. Clanculum. RIG.

Having performed secretly. "Clanculum" (secretly). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(98) ‹stolam fundere› · call in col 1095

Stolam fundere. Id est stola fusiore uti. SALM.

To pour out the stole. That is, to wear a more flowing stole. Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

(99) ‹Sigaeum strongyla› · call in col 1095

Strongyla, στρογγύλη, statua in clypeo expresso cum thorace vultu. Inde est quod apud nos etiam plebecula usurpat, La trogne d'un tel. RIG.

Strongyla, "strongylē" (round): a statue on a shield, with the face shown along with the breast. Hence what even the common people among us say, "La trogne d'un tel" (so-and-so's mug). Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(1) ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image

Pumice speculi excludebatur. Scio specula olim de argento atque aere fieri vulgo solita, quae pumice tergeri, polirique recte possunt; sed non video quid similitudinis sit inter speculum et sagittas. SALM.

It was shut out with the pumice of the mirror. I know that mirrors were once commonly made of silver and bronze, which can properly be wiped and polished with pumice; but I do not see what likeness there is between a mirror and arrows. Salmasius.

(printed under page 552)

Page

running head: 1095 TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — (cut off at the right edge)
marginal letters: A Numidas, etiam equis; B tetur. Sat refert inter honorem; C gyla servat. Plane postea; D (in the Commentarius) beside (90) Xysticis munditiis
old-edition numerals: 1041 after itaque

PL 2:1096

enim reddidit sexum. De praelio sonuerat, nec arma longe. Ipsum, inquit, ferrum virum attrahit. Caeterum si post incentivum quoque puellam perseverasset, potuit et nubere. Ecce itaque mutatio, monstrum equidem geminum, de viro femina, mox de femina vir, quando neque veritas negari debuisset, neque fallacia confiteri. Uterque habitus mutandi malus: alter adversus naturam, alter contra salutem. Turpius adhuc libido virum cultu transfiguravit, quam aliqua materna formido, tametsi adoratur a vobis qui potius erubescendus est, scytalosagitti pelliger ille, qui totam epitheti sui sortem cum muliebri cultu compensavit. Tantum Lydiae clanculiarae licuit, ut Hercules in Omphale, et Omphale in Hercule prostitueretur. Ubi Diomedes, et cruenta praesepia? ubi Busiris et hustuaria altaria? ubi Geryon ter unus? Cerebris adhuc eorum clavi foetere malebat, cum unguenti seffunderetur. Vetus jam Hydrae Centaurorumque sanguis in sagittis pumice speculi excludebatur, insultante luxuria, ut post monstra transfixa coronam forsitan suerent. Ne sobriae mulieris quidem aut viraginis alicujus scapulae, sub exuvias bestiae tantae introire potuissent, nisi diu mollitas, et evigoratas, et exeduratas, quod apud Omphalem balsamo aut telino spero factum. Credo et jubas pectinem passas. Ne cervicem enervem inureret sciria leonina, hiatus crinibus infarsus, genuini inter antias adumbrati. Tota oris

indeed gave him back his sex. There had been a sound of battle, and arms were not far off. "The very iron," he says, "draws the man." For the rest, if even after the incitement he had persisted as a girl, he could also have married. See, then, the change, a monster indeed twofold: from a man a woman, soon from a woman a man, when neither ought the truth to have been denied nor the deception confessed. Each manner of changing was bad: the one against nature, the other against safety. More shamefully still did lust transfigure a man by dress than did any mother's fear, although he is worshipped by you who ought rather to be blushed for, that club-and-arrow-bearing skin-wearer, who offset the whole capital of his epithet with womanly dress. So much was permitted to the secretive Lydian woman, that Hercules was prostituted in Omphale, and Omphale in Hercules. Where was Diomedes, and the bloody mangers? Where Busiris and the altars of burnt offering? Where Geryon, three in one? The club would rather still have stunk of their brains, when it was being drenched with unguent. The old blood of the Hydra and of the Centaurs on the arrows was now being scoured off with the pumice used for a mirror, luxury exulting, so that after the monsters had been transfixed they might perhaps stitch a garland. Not even the shoulders of a sober woman or of some virago could have gone in under the spoils of so great a beast, unless they had long been softened, and drained of vigour, and rid of hardness, which at Omphale's was done, I suppose, with balsam or fenugreek ointment. I believe the mane too submitted to the comb. Lest the lion's hard hide should chafe the unnerved neck, the gaping jaw was stuffed with hair, the cheek-teeth shaded over among the side-locks. The whole of the mouth's

Editors' notes and page, col. 1096

Footnotes

(2) ‹sciria leonina› · call in col 1096

Sciria leonina, σκιῤῥία, σκληρότης [so read; the print is unclear], pellis leonina, quae minime subacta est, sed crudo gestatu exarefacta inhorruit. RIG.

The lion's hardened hide, "skirrhia", hardness: a lion's skin not tanned at all, but dried out and grown bristly from being worn raw. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 552)

(3) ‹inter antias adumbrati› · call in col 1096

Genuini inter antias adumbrati. Antiae sunt comae διὰ τῶν κροτάφων κρεμάμεναι, seu ut gloss. aliud habet τρίχες μεταξύ τῶν κεράτων τῶν βοῶν. Didici autem a Salmasio comas alias esse τὰς ὑπὲρ τὸ μέτωπον quae capronae dicuntur, alias ἐπὶ πλαγίου quae antiae et remulsae ac ante pendulae Apuleio, alias denique κατόπιν nutritas fuisse. LE PR.

The jaw-teeth shaded among the forelocks. "Antiae" are locks hanging down by the temples, or, as another glossary has it, "hairs between the horns of oxen". I learned from Salmasius that some locks are those above the forehead, which are called "capronae"; others at the side, which are the "antiae", "combed back" and "hanging in front" in Apuleius; others again were grown behind. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 552)

Page

running head: ...RUM PARS II. — SERIES II, MORALIA. 1096
marginal letters: A ‹enim reddidit sexum›; B ‹ut Hercules in Omphale›; C ‹genuini inter antias›; D ‹presso cum thorace vultu (in the Commentarius, below the text)›
old-edition numerals: 1042 after jam (before Hy-drae)

PL 2:1097

contumelia mugiret, si posset : Nemea certe, si quis loci genius, ingemebat : tunc enim se circumspexit leonem perdidisse. Qualis ille Hercules in serico Omphales fuerit, jam Omphale in Herculis scorto designata descripsit. Sed et qui ante Tirynthium accesserat pugil Cleomachus, post Olympiae cum incredibili mutatu de masculo fluxisset, intra cutem caesus et ultra, inter fullones jam Novianos coronandus, meritoque mimographo Lentulo in Catinensibus commemoratus, utique sicut vestigia cestuum viriis occupavit, ita et endromidis solocem aliqua multicia synthesi extrusit. Physconem et Sardanapalum tacendum est, qui nisi insignes libidinum, alias reges nemo nosset. Tacendum autem, ne quid et illi de Caesaribus quibusdam vestris obmussitent, pariter propudiosis : ne caninae forte constantiae mandatum sit, impuriorem Physcone, et molliorem Sardanapalo Caesarem designare, et quidem Subneronem. Nec tepidior vis vanae quoque gloriae mutandis induviis, et jam viro salvo. Calor est omnis affectus : verum cum in affectationem flabellatur, jam de incendio gloriae ardor est. Habes igitur ex isto fomite aestuantem magnum regem, sola gloria minorem. Vicerat Medicam gentem, et victus est Medica veste. Triumphalem cataphracten amolitus, in captiva sarabara decessit : pectus squamarum signaculis disculptum, textu pellucido tegendo nudavit, et anhelum

insult would bellow, if it could: Nemea certainly, if there is any genius of the place, was groaning; for then it looked about itself and found that it had lost its lion. What sort of Hercules that one was in the silk of Omphale, Omphale has already described, portrayed in the harlot of Hercules. But also the boxer Cleomachus, who had come forward before the Tirynthian, when after Olympia by an incredible change he had melted away from the male, beaten within the skin and beyond, worthy now to be crowned among the Novian fullers, and deservedly commemorated by the mime-writer Lentulus in his Catinenses, assuredly, just as he took over the traces of the cestus with armlets, so too he thrust out the coarse wrap of the endromis with some soft-woven synthesis. Physcon and Sardanapalus must be passed over in silence, whom, were they not notable for their lusts, no one would otherwise know as kings. They must be passed over, however, lest they too should mutter something about certain of your Caesars, equally shameful; lest perhaps it be left to doggish constancy to designate a Caesar more impure than Physcon and softer than Sardanapalus, and indeed a Sub-Nero. Nor is the force of vain glory also less warm in changing garments, and that while the man remains intact. Every passion is heat; but when it is fanned into affectation, then the blaze comes from the fire of glory. You have therefore, inflamed from that tinder, a great king, lesser only in glory. He had conquered the Median nation, and was conquered by Median dress. Having put off the triumphal coat of mail, he went down into captive trousers: his chest, chiselled with the marks of scales, he bared by covering it with a transparent weave, and panting

Editors' notes and page, col. 1097

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁷¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Fastigia Fran.

"Fastigia" (heights): Franeker edition.

⁷² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Viriosa Fran.

"Viriosa": Franeker edition.

⁷³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Exstruxit Fran.

"Exstruxit" (built up): Franeker edition.

⁷⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Nec magnae Fran.

"Nec magnae" (nor of the great): Franeker edition.

⁷⁵ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Baxea tyria fran.

"Baxea tyria" (a Tyrian sandal): Franeker edition.

⁷⁶ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Nisi aurum minime graecatos decet Fran.

"Nisi aurum minime graecatos decet" (unless gold least becomes the Greek-mannered): Franeker edition.

⁷⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Deas Fran.

"Deas" (goddesses): Franeker edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 553)

(4) ‹Ante Tirynthium› · call not in image

Ante Tirynthium. Auctor certe Hercules gymnicorum certaminum: sed ille vi, non arte pugillabat et luctabatur; hinc vires corporis, et genitivum robur, non artem ejus in certaminibus veteres commendarunt. SALM.

Before the Tirynthian. Hercules was certainly the founder of the gymnastic contests: but he boxed and wrestled by force, not by art; hence the ancients praised his bodily strength and inborn might, not his art, in the contests. Salmasius.

(printed under page 553)

(5) ‹De masculo fluxisset› · call not in image

De masculo fluxisset. Pugilem significat in muliebris patientiae mollitiem solutum, unguento delibutum, vestitu affluentem. RIG.

Had flowed away from the male. He means a boxer dissolved into the softness of womanish passivity, smeared with ointment, overflowing in his dress. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

(6) ‹cestuum viriis occupavit› · call not in image

Vestigia cestuum viriis occupavit. Loco cestuum armillas induit brachiis. RIG.

He took over the marks of the boxing-gloves with bracelets. In place of the boxing-gloves he put armlets on his arms. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

(7) ‹Endromidis solocem› · call not in image

Endromidis solocem. Endromidem solocem, soloci, hoc est, rudi et crasso filo contextam. RIG.

Of the endromis, rough-spun. A rough-spun endromis (wrap), "solox", that is, woven of rough and thick thread. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

(8) ‹Multicia synthesis› · call not in image

Multicia synthesis. Dicuntur etiam multicia, vestes quaelibet molles, delicatae, ac pellucidae, ut solent esse feminarum. Quod satis innuunt illa Juvenalis, / Sed quid / Non facient alii, cum tu multicia sumas, / Cretice? / Et in VI: / Humida suspectis referens multicia rugis. RIG.

A dinner-suit of fine-spun stuff. "Multicia" is said too of any soft, delicate and transparent garments, such as women's usually are. Those lines of Juvenal hint at it well enough: / "But what / will others not do, when you put on fine-spun stuff, / Creticus?" / And in the sixth: / "Bringing back fine-spun stuff damp in its suspicious creases." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

(9) ‹Subneronem› · call not in image

Subneronem. Domitianum, qui portio Neronis dicitur, Apolog. col. 293. Subnero, ut Submarius, Cic. X, ep. 1. RIG. / Subneronem. Hoc est qui ad Neronem proxime accederet; Domitianus enim sui temporis Nero dictus. Sic Tull. ep. 1, lib. X ad Attic. Submarium dixit pro homine sua crudelitate Marium adaequante. LE PR.

A sub-Nero. Domitian, who is called "a portion of Nero", Apology col. 293. "Subnero", as "Submarius", Cicero X, letter 1. Rigaltius. / A sub-Nero. That is, one who came closest to Nero; for Domitian was called the Nero of his time. So Tully, letter 1, book X to Atticus, said "Submarius" for a man equalling Marius in his cruelty. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 553)

(10) ‹in captiva sarabara decessit› · call in col 1097

Cataphracten amolitus in captiva sarabara decessit. Detracto sibi cataphracte in quo triumphaverat, de fastigio illo decessit, ac pene subegit sese, cum induit captiva sarabara. En sunt vestimenta barbarorum, quos ille praelio superaverat, ceseratque. LE PR. / In captiva sarabara decessit. Annon ridiculi sunt interpretes, qui Alexandrum in suis braccis decessisse volunt? Ita enim hoc verbum decessit acceperunt, quasi in sarabaris suis mortuus sit. SALM. — In captiva sarabara. Putarem hic legendum saraballa, locus enim Danielis III, habet saraballim סרבלים, hoc est chlamydes fert vel pallia. LE PR.

Having put away his breastplate, he came down into captive trousers. Having taken off the breastplate in which he had triumphed, he came down from that height and almost subjugated himself when he put on the captive trousers. Behold, these are the garments of the barbarians whom he had overcome in battle and slain. Le Prieur. / He came down into captive trousers. Are they not ridiculous, the interpreters who want Alexander to have died in his breeches? For they took this word "decessit" as if he had died in his trousers. Salmasius. — Into captive trousers. I should think one must read "saraballa" here, for the passage of Daniel III has "saraballim", that is, it gives "cloaks" or "mantles". Le Prieur.

(printed under page 553)

(11) ‹in baxa› · call not in image

Cur non et in baxa? Ipse lib. de Idololatria, pag. 108: Soccus et baxa quotidie inaurantur. RIG. — Baxa genus calceamenti deaurati et muliebris. SALM.

Why not in the sandal too? He himself, in the book On Idolatry, page 108: "The slipper and the sandal are gilded daily." Rigaltius. — The baxa is a kind of gilded, womanish footwear. Salmasius.

(printed under page 553)

(12) ‹In adyta cloacinarum› · call not in image

In adyta cloacinarum. In cloacas quarum praesides Cloacinae, tot igitur Cloacinae quot cloacae. At Venerem Cloacinam Plinius, non a cloacis quibus praeesset sed a cluendo, id est purgando denominatam asserit; hic autem ideo Afer Cloacinas dixit, non Cloacinam. SALM.

Into the shrines of the Cloacinae. Into the sewers whose guardians are the Cloacinae; so there are as many Cloacinae as sewers. But Pliny asserts that Venus Cloacina was named not from sewers over which she presided but from "cluere", that is, purifying; and here the African therefore said "Cloacinae", not "Cloacina". Salmasius.

(printed under page 553)

(13) ‹Sorores prius suas› · call not in image

Sorores prius suas. Convenienter sane putido illi Deo Empedocli sorores putidissimas dedit Cloacinas deas. RIG.

Formerly his own sisters. Fittingly indeed he gave to that rotten god Empedocles the most rotten of sisters, the Cloacine goddesses. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

(14) ‹Digito destinare› · call not in image

Digito destinare. Idem est quod directo digito aliquem monstrare ac denotare. SALM.

To mark with the finger. It is the same as to point someone out and brand him with a pointed finger. Salmasius.

(printed under page 553)

(15) ‹Episcynio disperso› · call not in image

Episcynio disperso. Supercilio minus adstricto contractoque, minus severo, quantum ad denotationem et increpationem. RIG.

With brow relaxed. With a brow less knitted and drawn together, less severe, as regards censure and rebuke. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 553)

Page

running head: 1097 LIBER DE PALL (cut off at right edge)
marginal letters: A (none); B ribus quibusdam vestris obmussitent, pariter pro-; C beside commentary note (4) Ante Tirynthium; D beside commentary Juvenal quotation (Cretice?)
old-edition numerals: 1043 after mutandis

PL 2:1098

adhuc ab opere belli, ut mollius, ventilante serico exstinxit. Non erat satis animi tumens Maccdo, ni illum etiam vestis inflatior dejectasset. Nisi quod et philosophi puto ipsi aliquid ejusmodi affectant. Audio enim in purpura philosophatum. Si philosophus in purpura, cur non et in baxa? Tyrium calciari nisi auro, minime graecatur. Dicet, atquin alius et sericatus, et crepidam aeratus incessit? digne quidem, ut bacchantibus indumentis aliquid subtinnirct, cymbalo incessit. Quod si jam tunc locorum Diogenes de dolio latraret, non caenulentis pedibus, ut thori Platonici sciunt, sed omnino totum Empedoclem in adyta cloacinarum detulisset, ut qui se coelitem delirarat, sorores prius suas, dehinc homines deus salutaret. Tales igitur habitus qui de natura et modestia transferunt, et acie figere, et digito destinare, et nutu tradere merito sit. Prorsus si quis Menandrico fluxu delicatam vestem humi protrahat, audiat penes se et comicus, qualem demens iste chlamydem disperdit? Enimvero jamdudum censoriae intentionis episcynio disperso quantum denotatui, passivitas offert libertinos in equestribus, subverbustos in liberalibus, dedititios in ingenuis, rupices in urbanis, scurras in forensibus, paganos in militaribus: vespillo, leno, lanista tecum vestiuntur. Converte et ad feminas, habes spectare quod Caecina Scverus graviter senatui impressit, matronas sine stola

still from the labour of war, so that he extinguished [it] more softly with silk fanning him. The Macedonian, swelling in spirit, did not have enough, unless a more puffed-up garment had also delighted him. Except that philosophers too, I think, themselves affect something of this sort. For I hear of philosophizing in purple. If a philosopher in purple, why not also in gilded slippers? To be shod Tyrian-fashion except in gold is by no means to play the Greek. Someone will say: yet did not another go about both silk-clad and bronze-sandalled? Fittingly indeed, so that something might tinkle beneath his bacchant garments, he went about with a cymbal. But if Diogenes had then been barking from his jar in those parts, he would not [have trodden] with muddy feet, as the Platonic couches know, but would have carried Empedocles down altogether, the whole of him, into the shrines of the Cloacinae, so that he who had madly thought himself heavenly might greet first his sisters, then men, as a god. Such habits, therefore, as shift away from nature and modesty would deserve to be fixed with the gaze, pointed out with the finger, and handed over with a nod. Indeed, if anyone with Menandrian looseness drags a dainty garment along the ground, let him hear even the comic poet close at hand: What sort of cloak is that madman wasting? For in truth, now that the frown of censorial vigilance has long been relaxed, how much there is for censure! Promiscuity presents freedmen in the dress of knights, flogged slaves in that of the free, the surrendered in that of the free-born, rustics in that of townsmen, buffoons in that of advocates, civilians in that of soldiers: the corpse-bearer, the pimp, the gladiator-trainer are clothed as you are. Turn also to the women: you may see what Caecina Severus gravely impressed upon the senate, matrons without the stola

Editors' notes and page, col. 1098

Footnotes

(16) ‹Subverbustos in liberalibus› · call in col 1098

Subverbustos in liberalibus. Mastigias adhu verberum quibus usti sunt vibicibus notatos, in liberalibus vestimentis videas, hoc est, hominum liberorum vestibus indutos. RIG. / Ὁ μαστιγίας seu στιγματίας, stigmaticus Tullio, stigmosus Plinio. LE PR.

Whip-scorched men in gentlemen's clothes. You may see whipping-boys still marked with the weals of the lashes they were burnt with, in gentlemen's garments, that is, dressed in the clothes of free men. Rigaltius. / The "mastigias" or "stigmatias" (the whipped or branded slave): "stigmaticus" in Tully, "stigmosus" in Pliny. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 553)

Page

running head: LIBER DE PALLIO. 1098 (first letter cut off at the image edge)
marginal letters: B ‹de natura et modestia transferunt›; C ‹cum induit captiva sarabara› (in the footnotes); D ‹minatam asserit› (in the footnotes); A (none)
old-edition numerals: 1044 after ‹disperdit?›

PL 2:1099

in publico. Denique Lentuli auguris consultis, quae ita sese exauctorasset, pro stupro erat poena: quoniam quidem indices custodesque dignitatis habitus, ut lenocinii factitandi impedimenta, sedulo quaedam desuefecerant. At nunc in semetipsas lenocinando, quo planius adeantur, et stolam, et supparum, et crepidulam, et caliendrum, ipse quoque jam lecticas, et sellas, queis in publico quoque domestice ac secrete habebantur, ejeravere. Sed alius exstinguit sua lumina, alius non sua accendit. Aspice lupas popularium libidinum nundinas, ipsas quoque fictrices, et si praestat oculos abducere ab ejusmodi propudiis occisae in publico castitatis, aspice tamen vel sublimis, jam matronas videbis. Et cum latrinarum antistes sericum ventilat, et immundiorem loco cervicem monilibus consolatur, et armillis quas ex virorum fortium donis ipsae quoque matronae temere usurpassent, omnium pudendorum conscias manus inserit, impuro cruri purum aut mulleolum inducit calceum: cur istos non spectas, vel illos item habitus qui novitati suae stare relligionem mentiuntur? cum ob cultum omnia candidatum, et ob notam vittae, et privilegium

in public. Finally, by the resolutions of the augur Lentulus, for a woman who had thus discharged herself [from her rank] the penalty was that for debauchery: since indeed certain women had diligently given up the garments that were the indicators and guardians of their dignity, as hindrances to the practice of procuring. But now, procuring against themselves, so that they may be approached more openly, they have forsworn the stola, and the supparum, and the crepidula, and the caliendrum, and now even the litters themselves and the sedan-chairs, in which even in public they used to be kept as at home and in secret. But one woman puts out her own lights, another kindles lights not her own. Look at the she-wolves, the markets of the lusts of the populace, and at the fictrices themselves too; and if it is better to turn the eyes away from such shameful creatures of chastity slain in public, look nevertheless even from on high: you will now see matrons. And when the superintendent of the latrines fans out silk, and consoles with necklaces a neck more unclean than the place, and into bracelets, which even matrons themselves would have rashly usurped from the gifts of brave men, thrusts hands privy to all things shameful, and draws on to an impure leg a pure or a mullet-red shoe: why do you not look at these, or at those garments likewise which falsely claim that a religion rests on their novelty? since, because of a dress all white, and because of the mark of the fillet, and the privilege

Editors' notes and page, col. 1099

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁷⁸ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Montes Fran.

"Montes" (mountains): Franeker edition.

⁷⁹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Cretatae graecatim Fran.

"Cretatae graecatim" (chalked, in the Greek fashion): Franeker edition.

⁸⁰ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Apices et titulos Seml.

"Apices et titulos" (peaks and titles): Semler.

⁸¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Transgressus Fran.

"Transgressus" (having crossed over): Franeker edition.

⁸² ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Spectatilam Fran.

"Spectatilam": Franeker edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 554)

(17) ‹Lentuli auguris consultis› · call not in image

Lentuli auguris consultis. Cn. Lentulus augur cum Publ. Lentulo primum, iterum cum M. Crasso consul fuit Augusti tempore: ejus consulti quod de matronarum habitu sub eo factum est, nulla mentio apud Senecam et Suetonium qui de eo locuti sunt. MERC.

By the decrees of Lentulus the augur. Gnaeus Lentulus the augur was consul first with Publius Lentulus, a second time with Marcus Crassus, in the time of Augustus: of the decree on the dress of matrons made under him there is no mention in Seneca and Suetonius, who spoke of him. Mercerus.

(printed under page 554)

(18) ‹Pro stupro erat poena› · call not in image

Pro stupro erat poena. Tam foedae exauctorationi eadem poena, quae stupro. RIG.

The penalty was as for debauchery. For so foul a discharge [from matronly rank] the same penalty as for debauchery. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(19) ‹Et stolam et supparum› · call not in image

Et stolam et supparum, etc. Turnebus crepidulam legit, sed magis placet vulgata lectio. Nam crepitulum Festo significat ornamentum capitis, quod in capitis motu crepitum facit. Caliendrum, inquit Turnebus, operimentum capitis significat a Graeco κάγκανον; usurpatum etiam Arnobio lib. VI adv. Gentes. PAM.

Both the stole and the linen over-dress, etc. Turnebus reads "crepidulam", but the common reading pleases more. For "crepitulum" in Festus means an ornament of the head which makes a rattling when the head moves. "Caliendrum", says Turnebus, means a head-covering, from the Greek "kankanon"; it is used also by Arnobius, Against the Nations, book VI. Pamelius.

(printed under page 554)

(20) ‹Ipsas quoque fictrices› · call not in image

Ipsas quoque fictrices. Fictricem adjungit lupae, lenam meretrici. Fictrix, simulatrix, quae conciliando amori exitiove cerea simulacra fingit, venefica, lena. RIG.

The shapers themselves too. He joins the "shaper" to the she-wolf, the bawd to the harlot. "Fictrix": a pretender, who shapes wax images to win love or to bring death; a poisoner, a bawd. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(21) ‹Vel sublimis› · call not in image

Vel sublimis. Oculis scilicet transversum tuentibus. RIG.

Or aloft. That is, with eyes looking askance. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(22) ‹cervicem monilibus consolatu› · call not in image

Immundiorem loco cervicem monilibus consolatu. Cervices suas infelici latrinae lavandae ministerio damnatas absurdissimi luxus impudentia consolatur. RIG.

Consoling with necklaces a neck fouler than its place. With the shamelessness of a most absurd luxury she consoles her neck, condemned to the wretched service of washing the latrine. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(23) ‹Impuro cruri purum› · call not in image

Impuro cruri purum, etc. Quoniam calcei apud Romanos cruris partem velabant, cothurni, unde Ovid. lib. III de Arte: / Pes malus in nivea semper celetur aluta. / Mullei autem calcei, alii perones erant, alii uncinati, qui magistratibus functi fuerant, gestabant mulleos, milites fulmentatos, caeteri perones gerebant et calceos ὠμοβυρσίνους. LE PR.

To an impure leg a pure [shoe], etc. Since among the Romans shoes covered part of the leg, as buskins did; whence Ovid, Art [of Love] book III: / "Let an ugly foot always be hidden in snow-white leather." / Of shoes, some were "mullei", others "perones", others hobnailed; those who had held magistracies wore "mullei", soldiers soled boots, the rest wore "perones" and shoes of raw hide. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 554)

(24) ‹vittae et privilegium galeri› · call not in image

Ob notam vittae et privilegium galeri. Notae matronales, seu privilegia matronalia, vitta et galerus, et matronarum quidem Cereri initiatarum. Galerum autem intellige candidum. RIG.

For the mark of the fillet and the privilege of the cap. The marks of matrons, or matronly privileges, the fillet and the cap, and indeed of matrons initiated to Ceres. Understand the cap as white. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(25) ‹Tenebricae vestis› · call not in image

Tenebricae vestis. Nigrae. RIG.

Of a gloomy garment. Black. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(26) ‹supra caput velleris› · call not in image

Tetrici supra caput velleris. Tetri, Bellona seu Minerva calceata furvis galeam formis. Ipse Tertull. de Testim. an. pag. 82. RIG.

Of the grim fleece over the head. Grim: Bellona or Minerva, shod with dark shapes on her helmet. Tertullian himself, On the Testimony of the Soul, page 82. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(27) ‹In Bellonae mentes fugantur› · call not in image

In Bellonae mentes fugantur. Mentem fugatur fanaticus, qui in aede Bellonae furore corripitur. Bellonarius, θεοφορούμενος. RIG. — Vulgo legitur in Bellonae montes fugantur, et antequam prima Tertulliani prodiret editio nostra, sciebamus apud Augustinum in actis purgationis Caeciliani, mentionem fieri montis Bellonae, juxta Carthaginem, quo nonnulli sese tunc in persecutione contulerant. Sed cum aut montes Bellonae complures, aut Bellonarios in Bellonae montes fugatos fuisse nemo hactenus monstraverit; imo fanaticos vehementi furore in fano Bellonae correptos, ideo Bellonarios dici auctores antiquissimi tradiderint, facile passi sumus persuaderi nobis, vulgatam lectionem hoc loco defendi nullo modo posse, adeoque legendum in Bellonae mentes fugantur. In Bellonae, scilicet fano, mentes fugantur, illi nempe queis mens et ratio per furorem eripitur, eodemque modo, mentes fugari dicuntur, quomodo et ratio fugere, et mentes vagari, alienari, moveri, praecipitari, agitari, et contrario sensu redire. Salmasio placet, mentes fugantur, qua forma Graeci dicunt ἐξίσσαν δὲ φρενός [so read]. Mentes fugantur dixit Septimius, ut col. 1034. Campania erepta Pompeio. LE PR.

In Bellona's [temple] minds are put to flight. A fanatic is put to flight in mind who is seized with frenzy in the temple of Bellona. A "Bellonarius" is one possessed by a god. Rigaltius. — The common reading is "in Bellonae montes fugantur" (they are driven to Bellona's mountains); and before our first edition of Tertullian came out, we knew that in Augustine, in the acts of the clearing of Caecilian, mention is made of a mountain of Bellona near Carthage, to which some had then betaken themselves in the persecution. But since no one has so far shown either that there were several mountains of Bellona or that Bellonarii were driven to Bellona's mountains; since, on the contrary, the most ancient authors record that fanatics seized with violent frenzy in the shrine of Bellona were for that reason called Bellonarii, we readily let ourselves be persuaded that the common reading can in no way be defended here, and that therefore one must read "in Bellonae mentes fugantur". In Bellona's, that is, shrine, minds are put to flight: those, namely, whose mind and reason are snatched away by frenzy; and minds are said to be put to flight in the same way as reason is said to flee, and minds to wander, to be estranged, moved, thrown headlong, driven, and in the contrary sense to return. Salmasius approves "mentes fugantur", the form in which the Greeks say "they were out of their wits" [Greek as printed]. Septimius said "mentes fugantur", as at col. 1034, "Campania snatched from Pompey". Le Prieur.

(printed under page 554)

(28) ‹Latioris purpurae ambitio› · call not in image

Latioris purpurae ambitio. Saturnum ambit et vestit latior purpura. RIG.

The surrounding of a broader purple. A broader purple surrounds and clothes Saturn. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(29) ‹Galatici ruboris› · call not in image

Galatici ruboris. Coccinei. Plinius, Coccum Galatiae rubens granum. RIG.

Of Galatian redness. Scarlet. Pliny: "The kermes, the red grain of Galatia." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(30) ‹Crepidae graecatum› · call not in image

Crepidae graecatum. Crepidae graecatus, est crepida Graecanica. RIG.

The Greek style of the sandal. "Crepidae graecatus" is a Greek-style sandal. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(31) ‹Sacerdos suggestus› · call not in image

Sacerdos suggestus. Sacerdotalis ornatus, sic Persius Sat. 1: / Ecce modo heroas sensus adferre docemus / Nugari solitos Graece, / hoc est, heroos, seu heroicos sensus. RIG.

The priestly attire. Priestly adornment; so Persius, Satire 1: / "See, we now teach men used to trifling in Greek / to bring forth heroic sentiments", / that is, "heroos", or heroic sentiments. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 554)

(32) ‹Ad simplicem captatelam› · call not in image

Ad simplicem captatelam. Sic restituit Salmasius ex veteris scripturae vestigiis, hoc est, sim- (continues)

For a simple coaxing. So Salmasius restored it from the traces of the old writing, that is, sim- (continues)

(printed under page 554)

Page

running head: 1099 TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — (cut off at the right edge)
marginal letters: A in publico. Denique Lentuli; B narum antistes sericum ventilat; C consul fuit Augusti tempore (in the Commentarius); D (22) Immundiorem loco cervicem (in the Commentarius)
old-edition numerals: 1045 after illos

PL 2:1100

galeri Cereri initiantur: cum ob diversam affectionem tenebricae vestis, et tetrici supra caput velleris, in Bellonae, mentes fugantur: cum latioris purpurae ambitio, et galatici ruboris superjectio Saturnum commendat: cum ipsum hoc pallium morosius ordinatum, et crepidae graecatum Aesculapio adulantur. Quanto tunc magis arguas illud, et urgeas oculis, et si jam simplicis et inaffectatae, tamen superstitionis reum? Enimvero cum hanc primum sapientiam vestit, quae vanissimis superstitionibus renuit, tunc certissime pallium super omnes exuvias et peplos augusta vestis superque omnes apices et tutulos sacerdos suggestus. Deduc oculos suadeo, reverere habitum unius interim erroris tui renuntiatorem.

of the galerus are initiated to Ceres; when, by the contrary affectation of a dark garment and of a gloomy fleece over the head, minds are put to flight in Bellona's [temple]; when the ambition of a broader purple and the overlay of Galatian scarlet commend Saturn; when this very pallium, more fastidiously arranged, and the Greek fashion of the sandal flatter Aesculapius. How much more then would you accuse it and press it with your eyes, as guilty, if now of a simple and unaffected superstition, yet of superstition all the same? But truly, when it first clothes this wisdom which renounces the vainest superstitions, then most certainly the pallium is, above all spoils and robes, an august garment, and above all apices and tutuli, a priestly attire. Bring your eyes down to it, I urge you; revere the garment that is, for the present, the renouncer of one error of yours.

CAPUT V.

CHAPTER V.

Tamen, inquis, ita a toga, ad pallium? quid enim si a diademate et a sceptro? an aliter mutavit Anacharsis, cum regno Scythiae philosophiam praevertit? Nulla in melius transgressi sint signa, est habitus iste quod faciat. Prius etiam ad simplicem captatelam ejus, nullo taedio constat: adeo

Yet, you say, so from the toga to the pallium? What then, if from the diadem and the sceptre? Did Anacharsis change otherwise, when he preferred philosophy to the kingdom of Scythia? Granted there be no signs of one having passed over to the better, this dress is something that would do it. Even at a first simple glimpse of it, it is agreed without any weariness: so much so

Editors' notes and page, col. 1100

Page

running head: [cropped at left: …UM PARS II.] — SERIES I, MORALIA. 1100
marginal letters: A galeri Cereri initiantur; B renuntiatorem.; C (in the Commentarius) tull. de Testim. an.; D (in the Commentarius) ri, alienari, moveri
old-edition numerals: 1046 after simplicem
other: the notes printed under page 554 (Variae lectiones 78-82, Commentarius (17)-(32)) are set in n1099; the calls 78-82 and (24)-(32) stand in this column (Q3).

PL 2:1101

nec artificem necesse est, qui pridie rugas ab exordio formet, et inde deducat in talias, totumque contracti umbonis figmentum custodibus forcipibus assignet, dehinc diluculo tunica prius cingulo correpta, quam praestabat moderationem texuisse, recognito rursus umbone, et si quid exorbitavit reformato, partem quidem de laevo promittat, ambitum vero ejus ex quo sinus nascitur jam deficientibus tabulis, retrahat a scapulis, et exclusa dextra in laevam adhuc congerat cum alio pars tabulo in terga devoto, atque ita hominem sarcina vestiat. Conscientiam denique tuam perrogabo, quid te prius in toga sentias indutum, anne onustum? Si negabis, domum consequar, videbo quid statim a limine properes. Nullius profecto alterius indumenti expositio quam togae gratulatur. Calceos nihil dicimus, proprium togae tormentum, immundissimam pedum tutelam, verum et falsam, quem enim non expediat in algore et ardore rigere nudipedem, quam in calceo vincipedem? magnum incessui munimentum sutrinae venetiae prospexere, perones effeminatos. At enim pallio nihil expeditius, etiam si duplex, quod Cratetis mora nusquam vestiendo cum ponitur: quippe tota molitio ejus operire est solutim. Id ex uno circumjectu licet equidem nusquam inhumano, ita omnia hominis simul contegit. Humerum velans exponit vel includit, caeteroquin humerum adhaeret; nihil circumfulcit,

that there is no need of a craftsman to form the folds from the start the day before, and from there draw them down into strips, and to consign the whole shaping of the gathered boss to guardian clamps; then at dawn, the tunic having first been caught up with a girdle (a tunic it would have been better to weave of moderate size), the boss having been inspected again and anything that has strayed out of line having been reshaped, to let part hang forward from the left, but to draw back from the shoulders its circuit, from which the bosom-fold arises, the panels now running short, and, the right hand being left out, to heap it still onto the left, with another, equal panel devoted to the back, and so to clothe the man with a burden. In short, I will question your conscience closely: what do you feel yourself to be first in the toga, clothed or loaded? If you deny it, I will follow you home; I shall see what you hurry to do straight from the threshold. Truly, the taking off of no other garment is so welcomed as that of the toga. Of shoes we say nothing, the toga's own torment, a most filthy protection of the feet, and a false one too; for whom would it not profit to stiffen barefoot in cold and heat rather than to be foot-bound in a shoe? A great defence for walking the Venetian shoemakers' shops have provided: effeminate boots. But in truth nothing is more convenient than the pallium, even if double, as was that of Crates, there being never any delay in dressing when it is put on: for its whole construction is to cover loosely. This it can do by a single throwing-around, one never indeed inhuman; so it covers all of a man at once. Veiling the shoulder, it exposes or encloses it; otherwise it clings to the shoulder; nothing props round it;

Editors' notes and page, col. 1101

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁸³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Tilias Fran.

"Tilias" (lime-barks): Franeker edition.

⁸⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Moderationem Sem.

"Moderationem" (moderation): Semler.

⁸⁵ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Uncipeden Fran.

"Uncipeden": Franeker edition.

⁸⁶ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image More n. v. componitur Fran.

"More n. v. componitur": Franeker edition.

⁸⁷ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Reponitur Fran.

"Reponitur" (is put back): Franeker edition.

⁸⁸ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Cippo Fran.

"Cippo" (on the post): Franeker edition.

⁸⁹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Super est Fran.

"Super est" (is over and above): Franeker edition.

⁹⁰ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Concitasti Fran.

"Concitasti" (you stirred up): Franeker edition.

⁹¹ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Sed ignava infamique Fran.

"Sed ignava infamique" (but sluggish and infamous): Franeker edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 555)

(32) (continued) ‹Ad simplicem captatelam› · call on the previous page

plicem capiendi vestiendique commoditatem. Noluit Tertullianus dicere capturam: nam hoc ad praedas pertinet. Noluit captionem; nam hoc ad fraudes. Noluit captum; nam hoc ad ingenium. Qua forma igitur alibi dicit, peccatelam, et monclam et fovelam; qua forma item vulgus tutelam, et cautelam, et loquelam, maluit dicere captatelam. RIG.

-ple convenience of putting on and dressing. Tertullian did not want to say "captura": for that belongs to plunder. Nor "captio": for that belongs to frauds. Nor "captus": for that belongs to the intellect. So in the form in which he says elsewhere "peccatela", "moncla" and "fovela", and in which the common people say "tutela", "cautela" and "loquela", he chose to say "captatela". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(33) ‹Deducat in talias› · call not in image

Deducat in talias. In rugas et plicaturas, quasi scissuras. Taleas et taleolas dixere scriptores rerum rusticarum. RIG.

Let it draw into slips. Into creases and pleats, as if into cuttings. The writers on agriculture said "taleae" and "taleolae". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(34) ‹in laevum adhuc congerat› · call not in image

Et exclusa dextera in laevum adhuc congerat. Apud veteres Romanos, manus intra vestem seu togam continebantur; at vero postea factum ut toga sub brachio dextro conjiceretur, manum liberam relinqueret, de posteriori ratione hic Septimius. Ita Graeciae philosophi pallium gestabant. LE PR.

And, the right hand left out, let it heap [the folds] further on the left. Among the old Romans the hands were kept inside the garment or toga; but afterwards it came about that the toga was thrown under the right arm and left the hand free; Septimius speaks here of the later manner. So the philosophers of Greece wore the pallium. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 555)

(35) ‹In terga devoto› · call not in image

In terga devoto. Dedicato ac reservato in eum usum, ut etiam terga ornentur. RIG.

Devoted to the back. Dedicated and reserved for this use, that the back too may be adorned. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(36) ‹proprium togae tormentum› · call not in image

Calceos proprium togae tormentum. Etenim calceos simul cum toga sumebant. Itaque togam bajulabant in calceo vincipedes. RIG.

Shoes, the toga's own torment. For they put on shoes together with the toga. So with their feet bound in shoes they carried the toga. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(37) ‹Sutrinae venetiae prospexere› · call not in image

Sutrinae venetiae prospexere. Veneriae olim male legebatur; sunt autem sutrinae venetiae, in quibus venetae pelles ad conficiendos calceos accommodarentur. Ut enim in Venetorum tractu magna armentorum copia, ita et pellium ad calceos. LE PR.

The Venetian cobblers' shops have provided. "Veneriae" was once wrongly read; they are Venetian cobblers' shops, in which Venetian hides were fitted for making shoes. For as in the country of the Veneti there is a great abundance of herds, so also of hides for shoes. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 555)

(38) ‹Tota molitio ejus› · call in col 1101

Tota molitio ejus. Philosophicum pallium uno circum jectu liberum ac solutum corpus adstringit et circumdat. LE PR.

Its whole construction. The philosopher's pallium binds and surrounds the body, free and loose, with a single throw round. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 555)

(39) ‹est solutim› · call in col 1101

Operire solutim. Ambitione soluta, uno circumjectu. RIG.

To cover loosely. With a loose surrounding, a single throw round. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(40) ‹in crastinum cruci demandatur› · call not in image

Nulli in crastinum cruci demandatur. Idem est quod supra dixit. Nullis forcipibus assignatur custodibus. RIG.

It is handed over to no torture for the morrow. It is the same as he said above: it is assigned to no tongs as guardians. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(41) ‹Quantum nomine comitiasti› · call not in image

Quantum nomine comitiasti. Quantum mihi pallii nomine in comitio exprobrasti. Incomitiare dixit Plautus in Curculione, et opposuit inforare, obsceno sensu. RIG.

How much you have assembled against me in name. How much you have reproached me in the assembly on account of the pallium. Plautus said "incomitiare" in the Curculio, and set "inforare" against it, in an obscene sense. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(42) ‹de negotio provocat› · call not in image

Jam vero et de negotio provocat. Pallium deinceps loquitur, vel potius philosophus in pallio. RIG.

Now indeed it also challenges about business. From here on the pallium speaks, or rather the philosopher in the pallium. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(43) ‹Canales non odoro› · call not in image

Canales non odoro. Prima editio Rhenani, canales non adoro. Recte emendavit Salmasius, Odoro: Canales forenses dicti auctore Festo, quod circa canales fori consisterent. Verum haec de foro, ubi mercimonia emuntur venduntur que. RIG.

I do not sniff at the gutters. Rhenanus's first edition: "canales non adoro" (I do not worship the gutters). Salmasius rightly emended to "odoro": on the authority of Festus, the market loungers were called "canales" because they stood about the gutters of the forum. But this is about the forum, where goods are bought and sold. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(44) ‹Cancellos non adoro› · call not in image

Cancellos non adoro. Proba forsan lectio, nescio tamen an pariter legi posset non adorior. Nam causidici dum caussam suscipiunt et sistunt se apud judices, cancellos dicuntur adoriri. LE PR.

I do not worship the railings. Perhaps a sound reading; yet I do not know whether one might equally read "non adorior" (I do not assail). For pleaders, when they take up a case and present themselves before the judges, are said to assail the railings. Le Prieur.

(printed under page 555)

(45) ‹In me unicum negotium est› · call not in image

In me unicum negotium est. Totus in eo sum, ne quid peccem. Satis negotii mihi circa meipsum. Sic ille Epicteticae sapientiae studiosus, cavendum sibi esse novit a semetipso, tanquam ab inimico et insidiatore, Ἑνί τε λόγῳ, ὡς ἐχθρὸν ἑαυτὸν παραφυλάσσει, καὶ ἐπίβουλον. RIG.

My one business is myself. I am wholly given to this, that I do no wrong. I have business enough with myself. So that student of Epictetus's wisdom knows he must guard himself against himself as against an enemy and a plotter: "In a word, he watches himself as an enemy and a plotter." Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(46) ‹Certe cum ad Epicuros› · call not in image

Certe cum ad Epicuros, etc. Meminisse oportet attentum lectorem pallium Cratetis, hoc est, cynicum ista loqui, non Christianum. SALM.

Surely when to the Epicuruses, etc. The attentive reader must remember that it is the pallium of Crates, that is, a Cynic, who says these things, not a Christian. Salmasius.

(printed under page 555)

Page

running head: 1101 LIBER DE PALL[IO] (cut off at the image edge)
marginal letters: A nec artificem necesse est; B sitio quam togae gratulatur; C plicem capiendi vestiendique (in the Commentarius); D (36) Calceos proprium togae (in the Commentarius)
old-edition numerals: 1047 after operire

PL 2:1102

nihil circumstringit, nihil de tabularum fide laborat, facile sese regit, facile reficit: etiam cum exponitur, nulli cruci in crastinum demandatur. Si quid interulae subter est, vacat zonae tormentum: si quid calceatus inducitur, mundissimum opus est; aut pedes nudi magis, certe viriles magis quam in calceis. Haec pro pallio interim, quantum nomine comitiasti. Jam vero et de negotio provocat. Ego, inquit, nihil foro, nihil campo, nihil curiae debeo: nulli officio advigilo, nulla rostra praeoccupo, nulla praetoria observo: canales non odoro, cancellos non adoro, subsellia non contundo, jura non conturbo, caussas non elatro, non judico, non milito, secessi de populo, in me unicum negotium mihi est, nisi aliud non curo quam ne curem. Vita meliore magis in successu fruare quam in promptu, sed ignavam infamabis. Scilicet patriae et imperio, reique vivendum est. Erat olim ista sententia. Nemo alii nascitur moriturus sibi. Certe cum ad Epicuros et Zenonas ventum esset, sapientes vocas, totum quietis magisterium, qui eam summae atque unicae voluptatis nomine consecravere. Tamen propemodum nihil quoque licebit in publicum prodesse. Soleo de qualibet margine vel ara medicinas moribus dicere, quae felicius publicis rebus, et civitatibus et imperiis bonas valetudines conferent, quam tuae operae. Quippe si pergam ad acuta

it binds nothing tight, it labours not at all over the trustworthiness of its pleats; it easily manages itself, it easily restores itself: even when it is laid aside, it is consigned to no cross until the morrow. If there is any undergarment beneath, the torment of a belt is unnecessary; if any footwear is put on, it is the cleanest of work; or rather bare feet, which are certainly more manly than feet in shoes. So much for the pallium for the present, inasmuch as you have arraigned it by name. Now, moreover, it issues a challenge concerning business as well. I, it says, owe nothing to the forum, nothing to the Campus, nothing to the senate-house; I keep watch over no office, I seize no rostra beforehand, I attend upon no praetor's tribunals; I do not sniff the gutters, I do not reverence the bar-railings, I do not pound the benches, I do not throw the laws into confusion, I do not bark out cases; I do not judge, I do not serve as a soldier; I have withdrawn from the people; in myself my only business lies, except that I care for nothing other than not to care. You would enjoy a better life more in retirement than in public view, but you will defame it as idle. Of course one must live for fatherland and empire and the state. That was once the maxim. No one is born for another when he is to die for himself. Certainly, when it came to the Epicuruses and the Zenos, you call them wise men, the whole teaching of quiet, who consecrated it under the name of the supreme and only pleasure. Yet almost nothing also will it be permitted [me] to benefit the public. I am accustomed, from any kerb or altar, to speak remedies for morals, which will confer good health on public affairs, and on cities and empires, more happily than your labour. For indeed, if I proceed to sharp

Editors' notes and page, col. 1102

Footnotes

(47) ‹margine vel ara› · call in col 1102

De qualibet margine vel aura. Nempe hic in pallio loquitur philosophus, non Christianus. Non enim puto Christianum ullum adduci tunc potuisse, ut in aram saliret concionis ergo, quippe aras et sacrificia detestabantur et exsufflabantur transeuntes tunc temporis Christiani. RIG.

From any edge or breeze. Here, namely, it is a philosopher in the pallium who speaks, not a Christian. For I do not think any Christian could then have been induced to leap onto an altar for the sake of a speech, since the Christians of that time detested altars and sacrifices and blew upon them as they passed. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 555)

(48) ‹pergam ad acuta› · call in col 1102

Si pergam ad acuta. Si pergam acutis et de- (continues)

If I go on to sharp things. If I go on with sharp and ... (continues)

(printed under page 555)

Page

running head: BER DE PALLIO. 1102 (left edge cut off; presumably LIBER DE PALLIO.)
marginal letters: A ‹cumfulcit, nihil circumstringit›; B ‹non curo quam ne curem›; C ‹custodibus. Rig. (commentary)›; D ‹ne quid peccem (commentary)›
old-edition numerals: 1048 after ‹in›
other: column begins with word fragment "cumfulcit" broken from the previous column (which ends "cir-"); "Variae lectiones" and "Commentarius" (editors' notes by Rig., Le Pr., Salm.) seen at page foot, not set; "propemodum nihil quoque" set as printed, sense unsure; commentary lemma reads "aura" where text prints "ara"; no full-width line set.

PL 2:1103

tecum, plus togae laesere rempublicam, quam loricae. Atquin nullis vitiis adulor, nullis veternis parco, nulli impetigini. Adigo cauterem ambitioni qua M. Tullius quingentis millibus nummum orbem citri emit : quas bis tantum Asinius Gallus pro mensa ejusdem Mauritianae numerat. Hem quantis facultatibus aestimavere ligneas maculas ! item qua lances centenarii ponderis Sulla molitur ! Vereor sane ne parva sit ista trutina, cum Drusillanus, equidem servus Claudii, quingenariam promulsidem aedificat, suprascriptis fortasse mensis necessariam, cui si officina exstructa est, debuit et triclinium. Immergo aeque scapellum acerbitati ei qua Vedius Pollio servos muraenis invadendos objectabat. Nova scilicet saevitia delectato terrenae bestiae, et edentulae, et exunguis, et excornis, de piscibus placuit feras cogere, utique statim coquendis, ut in visceribus earum, aliquid de servorum suorum corporibus et ipse gustaret. Praecidam gulam, qua Hortensius orator primus pavum cibi caussa potuit occidere : qua Ausidius Lurco primus sagina corpora vitiavit, et coactis alimentis in adulterinum provexit saporem : qua Asinius Celer mulli unius obsonium sex sestertiis detulit : qua Aesopus histrio ex avibus ejusdem pretiositatis, ut canoris et loquacibus quibusque, centum millium patinam confiscavit. Filius ejus post tale pulpamentum potuit sumptuosius esurire : margarita namque vel ipso nomine

with you, togas have harmed the commonwealth more than cuirasses. And yet I flatter no vices, I spare no lethargies, no scab. I apply the cautery to the ambition by which M. Tullius bought a round table of citron-wood for five hundred thousand sesterces; twice that sum Asinius Gallus pays out for a table of the same Mauretanian [wood]. Ah, at what great fortunes they valued spots on wood! Likewise to that by which Sulla fashions dishes of a hundred pounds' weight! I fear indeed that this balance may be too small, when Drusillanus, a slave of Claudius at that, builds a five-hundred-pound platter, necessary perhaps for the tables described above; and if a workshop was built for it, a dining-room ought to have been too. I plunge the scalpel equally into that cruelty by which Vedius Pollio threw slaves to lampreys to be attacked. Delighted, forsooth, by a new savagery, though the beast of the land was toothless and clawless and hornless, he was pleased to force wild beasts out of fish, which were in any case to be cooked forthwith, so that in their entrails he too might taste something of the bodies of his own slaves. I shall cut away the gullet by which Hortensius the orator was the first who could kill a peacock for the sake of food; by which Aufidius Lurco first spoiled bodies with fattening, and by forced feeding brought them on to an adulterated flavour; by which Asinius Celer paid six sestertia for the dish of a single mullet; by which Aesop the actor, out of birds of the same costliness, such as all those that sang and talked, put together a dish of a hundred thousand. His son, after such a delicacy, could hunger more sumptuously: for pearls, even by their very name

Editors' notes and page, col. 1103

Footnotes

(Variae lectiones) ⁹² ‹que, centum› · call in col 1103 Sexcentorum Fran.

"Sexcentorum" (of six hundred): Franeker edition.

⁹³ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Exvaporavit Fran.

"Exvaporavit" (evaporated): Franeker edition.

⁹⁴ ‹anchor not in image› · call not in image Enodator Venet.

"Enodator" (the unraveller): Venice edition.

(Commentarius) (printed under page 556)

(48) (continued) ‹pergam ad acuta› · call on the previous page

cretoriis armis tecum pugnare, non prolusoriis et hebetibus. Ovid.: / Ponite jam gladios hebetes, pugnetur acutis. SALM.

-cisive weapons to fight with you, not with practice weapons and blunt ones. Ovid: / "Now lay aside the blunt swords; let the fight be with sharp ones." Salmasius.

(printed under page 556)

(49) ‹Quingenariam promulsidem› · call not in image

Quingenariam promulsidem. Lancem quingentarum libr. argenti. Lancem vocat Plinius quem hic Tertullianus promulsidem. Quantum est hodie eruditorum, promulsidem volunt esse ante coenam aut gustationem. Sed omnis antiquitas semper hoc verbi pro vase ac lance usurpavit. RIG.

A five-hundred-pound hors-d'oeuvre dish. A platter of five hundred pounds of silver. Pliny calls a "lanx" (platter) what Tertullian here calls a "promulsis". All the learned men there are today hold that the promulsis is a course before dinner, or a relish. But all antiquity always used this word for a vessel and platter. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(50) ‹Nova scilicet saevitia delectato› · call not in image

Nova scilicet saevitia delectato. Hanc saevitiam notat Seneca, simul et historiam narrat, III de Ira, cap. 40. Fregerat unus ex servis crystallinum: rapi eum Vedius jussit, nec vulgari quidem periturum morte, muraenis objici jubebatur, quas ingens piscina continebat. Quis non hoc illum putaret luxuriae caussa facere? saevitia erat, etc. Plinius, IX, 23. RIG.

Delighted, of course, with a new cruelty. Seneca marks this cruelty and at the same time tells the story, On Anger III, chapter 40. One of the slaves had broken a crystal cup: Vedius ordered him seized, and he was not even to die a common death; he was ordered thrown to the lampreys, which a huge fishpond held. Who would not think he did this for luxury? It was cruelty, etc. Pliny IX, 23. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(51) ‹Terrenae bestiae› · call not in image

Terrenae bestiae. Terrenos pisces vocat Plinius, degentes in cavernis aquas habentibus. Rectissime conjecit, qui haec in primo casu pluralia Septimio dici censuit, adeoque sequentia sic legenda exungues et excornes Plin. XII, 23: tanquam ad hoc feris terrarum non sufficientibus, et quia in alio genere totum pariter hominem distrahi spectare non poterat. RIG.

Land beasts. Pliny calls "land fish" those living in caverns that hold water. Most rightly did he conjecture who judged that Septimius says these words in the nominative plural, and that therefore what follows should be read "exungues et excornes" (clawless and hornless), Pliny XII, 23: as though the wild beasts of the lands were not enough for this, and because in another kind he could not watch a whole man likewise torn apart. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(52) ‹De piscibus placuit feras› · call not in image

De piscibus placuit feras, etc. Includere vivariis piscinis, Plinius, quas ingens piscina continebat. RIG.

It pleased him to make wild beasts of fish, etc. To shut them up in fishponds as preserves, Pliny; "which a huge fishpond held". Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(53) ‹Coactis alimentis› · call not in image

Coactis alimentis. Sic habent libri veteres; coactis alimentis, hoc est, objectis in pastum quae animalium natura minime appeteret. RIG.

With forced foods. So the old books have it; "coactis alimentis", that is, with things thrown to them as food which the nature of the animals would least seek. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(54) ‹Mulli unius obsonium› · call in col 1103

Mulli unius obsonium. Sciunt rei nummariae veteris periti, singula sestertia mille sestertios nummos aequare: sed vel duo vel nemo illud scit, cum sestertii dicuntur, subintelligi nummos: cum sestertia, subaudiri pondo: sic unum sestertium pondo duas argenti libras cum semisse valebat, ut unus sestertius assis, duos asses et semissem, et sestertius pes et similia; sed sestertius nummus postea quatuor assibus permutari coepit, qui duobus tantum assibus et semisse olim permutabatur. SALM.

The dish of a single mullet. Those skilled in the ancient coinage know that each "sestertium" equals a thousand sesterce coins: but two men, or none, know that when "sestertii" is said, "coins" is understood, and when "sestertia", "pondo" (by weight) is understood: thus one sestertium by weight was worth two and a half pounds of silver, as one sesterce of the as was two and a half asses, and so "sestertius pes" and the like; but the sesterce coin, which was once exchanged for only two and a half asses, afterwards began to be exchanged for four. Salmasius.

(printed under page 556)

(55) ‹canoris et loquacibus› · call in col 1103

Ex avibus canoris et loquacibus. Cantu aliquo aut humano sermone vocalibus, Plinius. RIG.

Of singing and talking birds. "Vocal with some song or with human speech", Pliny. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(56) ‹patinam confiscavit› · call in col 1103

Centum millium patinam confiscavit. Centum millia in confiscato habuit, quae pro patina illa numeraret. RIG.

He laid up a dish of a hundred thousand. He held a hundred thousand in his coffer to pay out for that dish. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(57) ‹memento istos interim› · call not in image

Et memento istos interim. Omnino legendum, sicut edidit Rhenanus: « Et memento istos interim ex multis togatos fuisse; qualis apud pallium haud facile. Has purulentias civitatis quis eliciet et exsuppurabit ni sermo palliatus. » RIG.

And remember these meanwhile. One must certainly read, as Rhenanus published it: "And remember that these meanwhile were togate men, out of many; such a one is not easily found among the pallium. Who will draw out and drain these purulences of the city but speech in a pallium?" Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(58) ‹primus edomator vocis› · call not in image

Et primus edomator vocis. Edomatorem vocis de phonasco accipiunt, non recte, nec enim phonasco pueros olim dedisse operam crediderim, inter prima illa rudimenta litterarum, nisi si qui cantores tragici vellent esse aut comoedi. SALM.

And the first tamer of the voice. They take "tamer of the voice" of the voice-trainer, not rightly; for I would not believe that boys once gave their time to a voice-trainer among those first rudiments of letters, unless any wished to be tragic singers or comic actors. Salmasius.

(printed under page 556)

(59) ‹primus numerorum arenarius› · call not in image

Et primus numerorum arenarius. Arithmeticum significat varias numerorum compositiones in abaco pulvere consparso discipulis suis monstrantem. RIG.

And the first sand-reckoner of numbers. He means the arithmetician showing his pupils the various compositions of numbers on an abacus sprinkled with dust. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

Page

running head: 1103 TERTULLIANI OPERUM PARS II. — (cut off at the image edge)
marginal letters: A tecum, plus togae laesere; B scilicet saevitia delectato; C cretoriis armis tecum pugnare; D nius, degentes in cavernis
old-edition numerals: 1049 after sestertiis

PL 2:1104

pretiosa dehausit, credo ne mendicius patre coenasset. Taceo Nerones et Apicios et Rufos: dabo catharticum impuritati Scauri, et aleae Curii, et vinolentiae Antonii: et memento istos interim ex multis togatos fuisse. Quales apud pallium? Haud facile has purulentias civitatis quis eliciet, et exsuppurabit, ni sermo palliatus.

precious, he drained, lest, I suppose, he should dine more beggarly than his father. I pass over the Neros and Apiciuses and Rufuses: I will give a purgative to the impurity of Scaurus, and to the gambling of Curius, and to the drunkenness of Antony: and remember meanwhile that these, out of many, were men of the toga. Such men in the pallium? Not easily will anyone draw out these purulences of the city and make them discharge, unless it be a speech clad in the pallium.

CAPUT VI.

Chapter VI.

Sermone, inquit, me suasisti, medicamine sapientissimo. Verum, et si eloquium quiescat aut infantia subductum aut verecundia retentum, nam et elinguis philosophia vita contenta est, ipse habitus sonat. Sic denique auditur philosophus, dum videtur. De occursu meo vita suffundo. Quis non aemulum suum cum videt, patitur? Quis oculis in eum potest, in quem mentibus non potest? Grande pallii beneficium est, sub cujus recogitatu improbi mores vel erubescunt. Viderit nunc philosophia quid prosit: nec enim sola mecum est. Habeo et alias artes in publico utiles. De meo vestiuntur et primus informator litterarum, et primus edomator vocis, et primus numerorum arenarius, et grammaticus, et rhetor, et sophista, et medicus, et poeta, et qui musicam pulsat, et qui stellarem conjectat, et qui volaticam spectat. Omnis liberalitas studiorum quatuor meis angulis tegitur. Plane post Romanos equites, verum et accendones, et omnis gladiorum ignominia togata producitur.

By speech, it says, you have persuaded me, by a most wise medicine. But even if eloquence is silent, whether withdrawn through inability to speak or held back by modesty (for philosophy, even when tongueless, is content with its life), the garb itself speaks. Thus, in short, a philosopher is heard while he is seen. By my very encounter I put vices to the blush. Who, when he sees his rival, does not suffer? Who can [bear] with his eyes one whom he cannot [bear] with his mind? Great is the benefit of the pallium, at the very thought of which wicked morals even blush. Let philosophy now see what good it does: for it is not alone with me. I have also other arts useful in public. From my stock are clothed both the first instructor in letters, and the first tamer of the voice, and the first sand-reckoner of numbers, and the grammarian, and the rhetor, and the sophist, and the physician, and the poet, and he who strikes out music, and he who conjectures from the stars, and he who watches the flight of birds. All the liberal range of studies is covered by my four corners. Plainly after the Roman knights, but also the accendones, and the whole disgrace of the swords, togate, is led forth.

Editors' notes and page, col. 1104

Footnotes

(60) ‹qui stellarem conjectat› · call in col 1104

Et qui stellarem conjectat. Stellarum interpres lib. I de Cultu fem. RIG.

And he who conjectures by the stars. "Interpreter of the stars", On the Apparel of Women book I. Rigaltius.

(printed under page 556)

(61) ‹accendones› · call in col 1104

Accendones. Sic habent veteres libri. Accendones dicit lanistas, qui gladiatores ad certamen accendunt. Sic Laberius appetones dixit, qui alienum appetant; eademque forma Varro, comedones; Am- (continues)

Inciters. So the old books have it. By "accendones" he means the trainers of gladiators, who fire the gladiators up for the fight. So Laberius said "appetones" for those who covet what belongs to others; and in the same form Varro "comedones" (gluttons); Am- (continues)

(printed under page 556)

Footnotes

(Commentarius) (printed under page 557)

(61) (continued) ‹accendones› · call on the previous page

mianus Marcellinus, reposcones. Sed cur non accedones Septimius dixerit parasitos; qui etiam invocati accede[…] scurrae. SALM.

[Am]mianus Marcellinus, "reposcones" (claimants). But why should Septimius not have meant parasites by "accedones", who even uninvited came [...] buffoons. Salmasius.

(printed under page 557)

Page

running head: 1105 APPENDIX I. — ADV. MARCION (cut off at the image edge)
marginal letters: A ducitur. Haec nimirum indignitas erit; B Inter eruditos, nemine refragante; C quo priorem compositionem Tertullianus rescidit; D dum in hominem lucis, etiam Deum
old-edition numerals: 1051 after Tertullianum (in editors' prose)
other: "ducitur." at the head of the column is the tail of "pro-ducitur", set whole at the end of col 1104. The column's last word "con-" continues in the next column ("fero."): set whole here as "confero." (Q1a), and col 1106 already begins at "Gaude".
other: full-width lines after the commentary belong to the next unit: "APPENDICES / AD GENUINA / Q. SEPT. FLOR. TE[RTULLIANI ...]" and "APPENDIX PRIM[A] / CARMINA TERTULLIANO A[DSCRIPTA]", and the editors' introductory notice ("Inter eruditos...", citing Lumper on the spurious poems against Marcion), with the two verses it quotes ("Mirificus Samuel..."). They are not set in this unit. UNSURE: "pallium" in the second line looks like "palliurn" in the image, probably a type defect rather than a misprint.
other (Q1a, for col 1106, not written here): the English of col 1106 addresses the pallium as "thee" / "thou"; the house rule keeps Thou/Thee to God, so it should read "you" / "you began".

PL 2:1106

Gaude, pallium, et exsulta, melior jam te philosophia dignata est, ex quo Christianum vestire coepisti.

Rejoice, cloak, and exult: a better philosophy has now deemed you worthy, from the time you began to clothe a Christian.

Editors' notes and page, col. 1106

Page

running head: [left edge cropped] ADV. MARCIONEM. 1106
marginal letters: A ‹fero. Gaude, pallium›; B ‹Talibus in vitae spatio› (next unit); C ‹mendari meretur ob quaedam› (next unit); D ‹Neque enim tantum virum› (next unit)
old-edition numerals: (none) in this unit's part; 1052 after ‹de› in the next unit's text
other: the column opens with the tail "fero." of a word split at the break from col. 1105; per the unit rules the whole word stands at the end of col. 1105 (imported), so this part begins at "Gaude"; the settle step should confirm the word is complete there. "pallium" is addressed in the second person; the author's apostrophe to the cloak is rendered "you" with modern verb forms (thou/thee reserved for God; Q1b). Printed "cœpisti" set as coepisti. This is the last sentence of De pallio: the unit ends in this column. Below it stand the foot of the editors' Commentarius (tail "...vocati accedere solent? Nam et adseclae dicuntur et scurrae. SALM."; foot apparatus, left for pass 2), a rule, then a title printed across the page (INDICES / ... GENUINA / ... TERTULLIANI / APPENDIX PRIMA / ... TERTULLIANO ADSCRIPTA; left part cropped in the images) and the editors' prose on the poems falsely ascribed to Tertullian (verses "Talibus in vitae spatio...", the Carmen adversus Marcionem, de Judicio Domini, de Genesi, de Sodoma, de Jona et Ninive): all of that belongs to the following unit(s) and is not set here. The running head "ADV. MARCIONEM." belongs to the appended carmen, not to De pallio.