Acta proconsularia S. Cypriani episcopi et martyris, cum appendice (Passio S. Cypriani ex mss. S. Victoris necnon Bodleiano)

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(printed under page 830) (33) Vota communia. Confer Acta num. 5, ubi turba fratrum dicebat : Et nos cum ipso decollemur. RUINART.

(33) Common prayers. Compare the Acta, no. 5, where the crowd of the brethren said: "And let us be beheaded with him." RUINART.

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(printed under page 830) (34) Sarerdotales coronas. Non ex calvitie, sed illustri virtute quaesitas. Coronae regni rabbini tres alias addunt ; nimirum coronam legis, coronam sacerdotii, et coronam nominis boni : quo triplici diademate Cyprianus redimitur praefulgebat : et alteram martyrii addidit, Apostolus Afrorum videtur Simon Zelotes de quo Niceph., l. II, c. 40, dicitur : Αἰγύπτῳ Κυρήνῃ τε καὶ τῇ Ἀφρικῇ προσβαλών. Μαυριτανίαν τε καὶ ὅσον τῆς Λιβύης ἐστὶ, τῷ Εὐαγγελίῳ διαδραμών, etc. FELL.

(34) Priestly crowns. Crowns won not by baldness but by illustrious virtue. To the crown of the kingdom the rabbis add three others: the crown of the law, the crown of the priesthood, and the crown of a good name. Cyprian shone crowned with this threefold diadem, and he added another, that of martyrdom. The apostle of the Africans seems to be Simon Zelotes, of whom Nicephorus, book II, chapter 40, says: "Having come to Egypt and Cyrene and Africa, and having run through Mauretania and all that belongs to Libya with the Gospel," etc. FELL.

(printed under page 830) (35) Comes non sim. Pontii festum recolunt vetera martyrologia, sicut et hodiernum Romanum, die 8 Martii. Cave tamen ne hunc cum Pontio martyre confundas, qui Phillippos imperatores ad fidem Christi adduxisse dicitur, de quo plura apud Bollandianos ad diem 14 maii. Altare in honorem S. Pontii dedicari curavit S. Rusticula saeculo VII, abbatissa Arelatensis ; ut in ejus Vita refert Floréntius presbyter. At qainam fuerit ille Pontius non explicat. RUINART.

(35) That I am not his companion. The old martyrologies keep the feast of Pontius, as does the present Roman one, on 8 March. Take care, however, not to confuse him with the martyr Pontius who is said to have brought the emperors Philip to the faith of Christ, of whom more in the Bollandists at 14 May. St. Rusticula, abbess of Arles, had an altar dedicated in honour of St. Pontius in the seventh century, as the priest Florentius relates in her Life. But he does not explain who that Pontius was. RUINART.

[Acta proconsularia — Variae lectiones] 1 ‹anchor: tertium consulibus› · call in col 1557 ¹ Tusco et Basso coss. Vet. Martyr. Saris. Gal. Foss. Nobilium imperatorum scripta ad me venerunt, ut hi qui caeremonias exsecrantur, diis immolare, et ad sacrificandum compellantur inviti. Act. Pass.

¹ "In the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus": Old Martyrology, Salisbury, Gallican, Fossa(?). "Writings of the noble emperors have come to me, that those who abhor the ceremonies be compelled against their will to offer to the gods and to sacrifice." Acts of the Passion.

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(1) ‹anchor: Imperatore Valeriano› · call in col 1557

(printed under page 830) (1) Imperatore Valeriano. Actus passionis Cypriani secundum editiones Manutii et Morellii, egregiam fabulam prologi loco praemittit, quae seculum in quo nata est satis profitetur, et sic se habet : Cum gloriosum nomen Christi a gentilibus exosum, intentione maxima conaretur auferri. et esset persecutio apud urbem Romam : beatissimus Cornelius pontificatum praedictae urbis summis virtutibus praeditus tunc regebat ; comprehensusque a praeside diuturnis tormentis afflictus, gladio finivit temporalem vitam percepturus a Deo sine fine perpetuam. Sed, cum hoc odium fuisset etiam in Lybicis terminis irrogatum, multi Christianorum populi, malentes transitoriam vitam amittere, et illa quae a Deo promissa sunt adipisci, diversis tormentis afflicti consummabantur. Ferunt etiam tunc a praeside clibarum calcis accensum. et in ore illius prunas cum thure exhibitas, praesidem dicere Christianis : Eligite e duobus unum, aut thura super his carbonibus offerte Jovi, aut in calcem demergimini. Tunc trecenti viri fide armati, se ictu rapidissimo, Christum Dei Filium Deum fatentes. jecerunt in ignem et inter vapores calcis pulverei sunt demersi ; quos sibi Crhistus consecravit. In his autem diebus cum talia gererentur, beatus antistes Cyprianus Carthaginensem regebat ecclesiam ; qui comprehensus (continues)

(1) Under the emperor Valerian. The Acts of Cyprian's passion in the editions of Manutius and Morel put in place of a prologue a remarkable tale, which plainly confesses the age in which it was born. It runs thus: When the glorious name of Christ, hated by the gentiles, was being assailed with the utmost effort to remove it, and there was persecution in the city of Rome, the most blessed Cornelius, endowed with the highest virtues, then governed the pontificate of that city; and being seized by the governor and afflicted with long tortures, he ended his temporal life by the sword, to receive from God the everlasting life without end. But since this hatred had been brought also into the Libyan territories, many of the Christian people, preferring to lose a passing life and gain what God has promised, were consummated under various tortures. They say also that the governor then had a lime kiln kindled, and live coals with incense set at its mouth, and that the governor said to the Christians: "Choose one of the two: either offer incense to Jupiter on these coals, or be plunged into the lime." Then three hundred men armed with faith, confessing Christ the Son of God to be God, threw themselves with a most swift leap into the fire, and were plunged into dust amid the fumes of the lime; and Christ consecrated them to Himself. In those days, while such things were being done, the blessed bishop Cyprian governed the church of Carthage; who, being seized (continues)

(printed under page 830) (2) In secretario. Gloss. Graec. σέκρετον δικαστήριον, χαρτοφυλάκιον, σέκρετον συνέδριον. Hesych. FELL.

(2) In the secretarium. Greek glossary: "secretum: a court of justice; record-office; secretum: council-chamber." Hesychius. FELL.

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(2) ‹anchor: Carthagine in secretario› · call in col 1558

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[Variae lectiones] 1 ‹anchor: not visible (call above the foot)› · call in col 1559 ¹ Romanam religionem colunt, debere caeremonias recognoscere.

¹ "Those who practise the Roman religion must acknowledge the ceremonies."

3 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ³ Exquiro ergo Gal. Saris. Exquiro tibi de nomine tuo, quod mihi respondeas Coch. Conch.

³ "I ask therefore": Gallican, Salisbury. "I ask you about your name, so that you may answer me": Coch., Conch.

4 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ⁴ Respondens Gal. Saris.

⁴ "Answering": Gallican, Salisbury.

5 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ⁵ Nullos alios deos colos Saris Gal.

⁵ "I worship no other gods" (so printed, colos): Salisbury, Gallican.

6 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ⁶ Pro nobis, et pro incolumitate Saris. Gal.

⁶ "For us, and for the safety": Salisbury, Gallican.

7 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ⁷ Perserveras ut non sacrifices Act. Pass.

⁷ "You persist in not sacrificing" (so printed, Perserveras): Acts of the Passion.

8 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1559 ⁸ Mutari non potest. Non solum de episcopis Gal. Saris. Act. Pass.

⁸ "It cannot be changed. Not only concerning bishops": Gallican, Salisbury, Acts of the Passion.

9 ‹anchor: delatores non esse› · call in col 1559 ⁹ Sic. Gal. Saris. Nos delatores non esse Act. Pass. Impr.

⁹ So the Gallican and Salisbury. "That we are not informers": Acts of the Passion, printed.

10 ‹anchor: detegi et deferri› · call in col 1559 ¹⁰ Itaque eos exhibere non possumus ; sed nec ipsi se ultro offerunt, cum hoc Scriptura sancta prohibeat. A te enim quaesiti invenientur. Proconsul dixit : Jussum est ut nulla conciliabula faciant Act. Pass.

¹⁰ "Therefore we cannot produce them; nor do they offer themselves of their own accord, since holy Scripture forbids this. Sought by you, they will be found. The proconsul said: It has been ordered that they hold no assemblies": Acts of the Passion.

21 [so printed; the call in the text is ¹¹] ‹anchor: In civitatibus› · call in col 1559 ²¹ In civitatibus suis invenientur. Paternus proconsul dixit : A me invenientur Saris Gal.

²¹ "They will be found in their own cities. Paternus the proconsul said: They will be found by me": Salisbury, Gallican.

12 ‹anchor: ingrediantur› · call in col 1560 ¹² Coemeteria ingrediantur, quod qui facere deprehensus fuerit, capite plectatur. Sanctus Cyprianus respondit : Fac quod tibi praeceptum. Et Post haec ductus est in exilium B. Martyr per praeceptum Aspasii proconsulis in civitatem Curubitanam. Post die autem multos egressus Act. Pass.

¹² "[That they not] enter the cemeteries; whoever is caught doing so shall be beheaded. Saint Cyprian answered: Do what you have been ordered. And after this the blessed martyr was led into exile, by order of Aspasius the proconsul, to the city of Curubis. But after many days, having gone out": Acts of the Passion.

13 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1560 ¹³ Fac quod tibi praeceptum est. Cumque Cyprianus electus a Deo de civitate Curubitana Saris. Gal.

¹³ "Do what you have been ordered. And when Cyprian, chosen by God, from the city of Curubis": Salisbury, Gallican.

14 ‹anchor: principes duo› · call in col 1560 ¹⁴ Principes duo ex officio proconsulis Galerii Maximi ; et levantes Act. Pass.

¹⁴ "Two officers from the staff of the proconsul Galerius Maximus; and lifting": Acts of the Passion.

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(1) (continued) · call on page 830, col 1557

comprehensus a gentilibus, sedente Paterno proconsule in civitate, iniquis tribunalibus praesentatur. in Martyrologio veteri incipit, Tusco et Basso Coss. in secretario : quem in modum legunt cod. Saris. et Gal. Nimirum, cum in unum Actus exsilii et passionis, in usus Ecclesiae, commemorationis anniversariae ergo compingebantur, character temporum qui ad passionem solummodo pertinebat, utrique praefigebatur. FELL.

(continued) being seized by the gentiles, while Paternus the proconsul sat in the city, he is presented before the unjust tribunals. In the old Martyrology it begins, In the consulship of Tuscus and Bassus, in the secretarium: which is how the Salisbury and Gallican manuscripts read. No doubt, when the Acts of the exile and of the passion were joined into one for the Church's use, for the sake of the yearly commemoration, the dating that belonged only to the passion was prefixed to both. FELL.

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(3) ‹anchor: delatores non esse› · call in col 1559

(printed under page 831) (3) Delatores non esse. Illis per rescripta principum urbe exactis, et a tribunalibus depulsis. Exinde Delator habuit, quod dedit, exsilium. Unde recte Cyprianus ad leges provocat, et frigide diceretur. nos delatores non esse. FELL.

(3) That there be no informers. They had been driven from the city by the emperors' rescripts and expelled from the courts. Hence the informer received the exile he had given. So Cyprian rightly appeals to the laws, and it would be said tamely, that we are not informers. FELL.

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(printed under page 831) (4) Se ultro offerat. Epist. ult. Cypr. ait : Dominus nos confiteri magis voluit quam profiteri. FELL.

(4) Should offer himself of his own accord. Cyprian says in his last letter: The Lord willed us rather to confess than to profess. FELL.

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(printed under page 831) (5) Tuae quoque censurae hoc displiceat. Sic Arrius Antonius Christianis, quasi manu facta mortem deposcentibus, dixit : Ὦ δειλοί, εἰ θέλετε ἀποθνήσκειν, κρημνοὺς ἢ βρόχους ἔχετε. Tert. ad Scapul. FELL.

(5) This should displease your judgement too. So Arrius Antoninus said to the Christians when they demanded death as if in a body: "Wretches, if you want to die, you have cliffs and halters." Tertullian, To Scapula. FELL.

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(printed under page 831) (6) Deportari. S. Augustin. ; Pro fide confessionis Christi in exilium Curubim missus est, etc. RUINART.

(6) To be deported. St. Augustine: For the faith of confessing Christ he was sent into exile to Curubis, etc. RUINART.

(printed under page 831) (7) Ostensum fuerat. Augustin. ibid., n. 2 : Regressus in hortis suis manebat, et inde quotidie sperabat veniri ad se. sicut ostensum illi erat, etc. Vide supra Vit. n. XIII. RUINART.

(7) As had been shown. Augustine, ibid., no. 2: Having returned, he stayed in his gardens, and from there daily hoped that they would come for him, as had been shown him, etc. See above, Life, no. 13. RUINART.

(printed under page 831) (8) Consulibus. Monet Baronius, ad annum 261, n. 25, legendum esse Fusco ex Trebellio Pollione. RUINART.

(8) Consuls. Baronius, at the year 261, no. 25, advises that Fuscus should be read, from Trebellius Pollio. RUINART.

(printed under page 831) (9) Strator officii. Perinde est sive stratorem sive statorem dixeris ; codices enim utrumque agnoscunt ; altera vox Graecae originis, altera Latinae. Illi fere videntur esse qui postea commentarienses dicti. Egregia Constantini lex ad Florentium Rationalem litteris aureis scribenda, hominum istorum indolem graphice depingit. Veniam dabit lector si locum integrum exhibeam, siquidem mutilari minime debeat. Cod. l. IX, tit. 4, de Custodia reorum : In quacunque causa reo exhibito, sive accusator exsistat, sive cum publicae sollicitudinis cura perduxerit, statim debet quaestio fieri, ut noxius puniatur, innocens absolvatur. Quod si accusator aberit ad tempus, aut sociorum praesentia necessaria videatur, id quidem debet quam celerime procurari. Interea viro exhibito non ferreas manicas et inhaerentes ossibus mitti oportet, sed prolixiores catenas, ut cruciatu desit, et permaneat fida custodia. Nec vero sedis intimae tenebras pati debet inclusus, sed usurpando lucem vegetari : et ubi nox geminaverit custodiam, vestibulis carcerum, et salubribus locis recipi, ac revertente iterum die, ad primum solis ortum, illico ad (continues)

(9) Strator of the staff. It makes no difference whether you say strator or stator, for the manuscripts know both; one word is of Greek origin, the other Latin. They seem to be roughly those later called commentarienses. An excellent law of Constantine to Florentius the Rationalis, worth writing in letters of gold, paints the character of these men vividly. The reader will pardon me if I give the passage whole, since it ought by no means to be cut. Code, book IX, title 4, On the custody of accused persons: In whatever case an accused person is produced, whether an accuser appears or the care of public vigilance has brought him in, the inquiry must be held at once, so that the guilty may be punished and the innocent acquitted. But if the accuser is absent for a time, or the presence of accomplices seems necessary, this must be arranged as quickly as possible. Meanwhile, on the man produced, not iron manacles clinging to the bones should be put, but longer chains, so that torment may be absent and the custody remain secure. Nor should the one shut in suffer the darkness of an inner cell, but be refreshed by enjoying the light; and when night has doubled the watch, he is to be taken into the forecourts of the prisons and into healthy places, and when day returns again, at the first rising of the sun, at once to (continues)

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(4) ‹anchor: ultro offerat› · call in col 1560

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(5) ‹anchor: hoc displiceat› · call in col 1560

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(6) ‹anchor: in exilium deportari› · call in col 1560

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(7) ‹anchor: ostensum fuerat› · call in col 1560

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(8) ‹anchor: Tusco et Basso consulibus› · call in col 1560

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(9) ‹anchor: unus strator officii› · call in col 1560

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[Variae lectiones] 15 ‹anchor: not visible (call above the foot)› · call in col 1561 ¹⁵ Proconsularis equester Gal. Dequestrator Saris. Aequestrator Ms. vel. a Gothof luudat.

¹⁵ "Proconsular horseman": Gallican. "Dequestrator": Salisbury. "Aequestrator": a manuscript, or as praised by Gothofredus.

16 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1561 ¹⁶ Sed et custodes ejusdem officii, et ambo Saris.

¹⁶ "But also guards of the same staff, and both": Salisbury.

17 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1561 ¹⁷ Inter venena et salutaria Colb. Montbrit. Inter duas plateas Veneriam et Salutariam Germ. 1. Salariam. Imp. Salutariam alii ms. Regressus de exsilio habitabat in hortis suis, cumque ibidem moraretur, venerunt ad eum duo principes ex officio proconsulis Galerii Max., et levantes eum in curriculum suum, duxerunt ad proconsulem, ad locum ubi pro reparanda sanitate degebat. Et collectus ab adstatore officii, secessit ad hospitium ejus, in vicum qui dicebatur Saturni, et habitabat ibi ; convenit autem ad eum universus populus fratrum Act. Pass.

¹⁷ "Between poisons and wholesome things": Colbert, Mombritius. "Between the two streets, the Street of Venus and the Street of Health": Germanensis 1. "Salaria": printed edition. "Salutaria": other manuscripts. "Having returned from exile he lived in his gardens, and while he stayed there two officers from the staff of the proconsul Galerius Maximus came to him, and lifting him into their carriage took him to the proconsul, to the place where he was staying to recover his health. And taken in charge by an attendant of the staff, he withdrew to that man's lodging, in the quarter called Saturn's, and lived there; and the whole people of the brethren gathered to him": Acts of the Passion.

18 ‹anchor: puellas praecepit› · call in col 1561 ¹⁸ Castigari puellas Gal. Saris. In vico orantes Gal. Quae advenerant audire verbum Dei, quoniam ante ostium principis manebant, ob amorem martyris gloriosi.

¹⁸ "That the girls be chastised": Gallican, Salisbury. "Praying in the street": Gallican. "Who had come to hear the word of God, since they were staying before the officer's door, out of love for the glorious martyr."

19 ‹anchor: mane› · call in col 1562 ¹⁹ Mane autem facto Act. Pass. Mane multo Gal. Mane autem facto, oblatus est B. Cyprianus proconsuli, quem intuitus, ait illi : Es Thascius Cyprianus qui te papam sacrilegae mentis hominibus praebuisti ? Jusserunt te sacratissimi imperatores sacrificare Consule tibi ne pereas. Tunc iratus proconsul dixit : Diu. Act. Pass.

¹⁹ "When morning came": Acts of the Passion. "Early in the morning": Gallican. "When morning came, blessed Cyprian was brought before the proconsul, who, looking at him, said to him: Are you Thascius Cyprian, who have made yourself pope to men of sacrilegious mind? The most sacred emperors have ordered you to sacrifice. Take thought for yourself, lest you perish. Then the proconsul in anger said: Long": Acts of the Passion.

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(9) (continued) · call on page 831, col 1560

publicum lumen educi, ne poenis carceris perimatur, quod innocentibus miserum, noxiis non satis severum esse cognoscitur. Illud etiam observabitur, ut neque his qui stratorum funguntur officio, neque ministris eorum, liceat crudelitatem suam accusatoribus vendere, et innocentes intra carcerum septa letho dare, aut subtractos audientiae longa tabe consumere. Non enim existimationis tantum, sed etiam periculi metus judici imminebit, si aliquem ultra debitum tempus media, aut quocunque modo aliquis stratorum exhauserit, et non statim eum penes quem officium custodiae est, atque ejus ministros, capitali poenae subjecerit. FELL. — De his vide Glossar. Cang. ubi statores dicuntur, quod starent ad jussa parati : stratores vero qui equorum principis curam habebant. Stratores etiam dici possunt a sternendo, quod reos in carcere condemnatos punirent, vel equos sternerent. RUINART.

(continued) be brought out into the public light, lest he perish by the punishments of the prison, which is known to be wretched for the innocent and not severe enough for the guilty. This too shall be observed: that neither those who perform the office of stratores nor their servants be allowed to sell their cruelty to accusers, and put the innocent to death within the prison walls, or, withholding them from a hearing, consume them by long wasting. For not only fear for his reputation but fear of danger will hang over the judge, if any of the stratores has worn someone out beyond the due time by hunger [media, so printed] or in any way whatever, and he has not at once subjected to capital punishment the man in whose charge the custody lies, and his servants. FELL. — On these see Du Cange's Glossary, where they are called statores, because they stood ready for orders; but stratores those who had charge of the governor's horses. They may also be called stratores from sternere, because they punished the accused condemned in prison, or saddled horses. RUINART.

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(10) ‹anchor: equistrator› · call in col 1561

(printed under page 832) (10) Equistrator. Ἀναβολεὺς, marescalcus, apud scriptores Latino-Barbaros : qui imperatorem aut ducem armatum in equum imponit. De horum genitura ait Manilius : Hic curru celsior ibit / Aut onerabit equos armis, aut ducet in arma. Ammirnus Marcell. lib. XXX, cap. 5 : Stratorem militem appellat. FELL.

(10) Equistrator. Greek anaboleus, "marescalcus" in the barbarian-Latin writers: the man who sets the armed emperor or general on his horse. Of their birth-star Manilius says: "This one will ride higher in the chariot, / or will load horses with arms, or lead them into arms." Ammianus Marcellinus (printed Ammirnus), book XXX, chapter 5, calls him strator miles. FELL.

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(11) ‹anchor: levaverunt› · call in col 1561

(printed under page 832) (11) Levaverunt. Aug., serm. laudato n. 4 : Duo missi sunt qui eum etiam in currum levaverunt. RUINART.

(11) They lifted. Augustine, in the sermon cited, no. 4: Two were sent, who even lifted him into the chariot. RUINART.

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(12) ‹anchor: Sexti perduxerunt› · call in col 1561

(printed under page 832) (12) Sexti perduxerunt. Hic locus sic videtur appellatus quod sexto ab urbe lapide distaret. RUINART.

(12) They brought him to Sextus. This place seems to have been so called because it stood at the sixth milestone from the city. RUINART.

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(13) ‹anchor: Salutariam› · call in col 1561

(printed under page 832) (13) Salutarium. Omnes fere mss. habent Veneriam. Colb. I, et Mombrit. : Inter Venaria et Salutaria, German. 1 : Inter duas plateas Veneriam et Salutariam. RUINART.

(13) Salutarium. Almost all manuscripts have Veneriam. Colbert 1 and Mombritius: Between the Venaria and the Salutaria; Germanensis 1: Between the two streets, the Street of Venus and the Street of Health. RUINART.

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(14) ‹anchor: custodiri› · call in col 1561

(printed under page 832) (14) Custodiri. Omnes mss. praeter Colb. 1, castigari. Alia tamen lectio praeferenda. Sic enim legit Augustinus, ut patet ex laudato serm. n. 4 : Quid illud, inquit, quod cum in alium diem dilatus esset, atque illuc se multitudo fratrum ac sororum congregans pro foribus pernoctaret, custodiri puellas praecepit ? Item S. Fulgentius, serm. 6 : A principe detentus, virginum pudicitiam.... custodivit. RUINART.

(14) Be guarded. All the manuscripts except Colbert 1 have castigari ("be chastised"). Yet the other reading is to be preferred, for so Augustine reads, as is clear from the sermon cited, no. 4: What of this, he says, that when he was put off to another day, and a multitude of brothers and sisters gathered there and spent the night before the doors, he ordered the girls to be guarded? So also St. Fulgentius, sermon 6: Held by the officer, he guarded the chastity of the virgins.... RUINART.

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(15) ‹anchor: atrio Sauciolo› · call in col 1562

(printed under page 832) (15) Sauciolo. Vox obscura. Videtur esse cognomen atrii, quod hic rei interficerentur. Observat Oxon. editor sancitum esse in consilio Matiscon. II, c. 19 : Ut ad locum examinationis reorum nullus clericus accedat, neque intersit atrio Sauciolo, ubi pro reatus sui qualitate quispiam interficiendus est. Codd. Colb. et Germ. 1 habent, atrio Secutiolo. Conch. Saloutio. RUINART.

(15) Sauciolum. An obscure word. It seems to be the name of a court, because the accused were put to death there. The Oxford editor observes that it was enacted at the second council of Mâcon, c. 19: That no cleric approach the place where the accused are examined, nor be present in the Sauciolum court, where anyone is to be put to death according to the nature of his guilt. The Colbert and Germanensis 1 manuscripts have atrio Secutiolo; Conch., Saloutio. RUINART.

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(16) ‹anchor: papam› · call in col 1562

(printed under page 832) (16) Papam. Forte papatem, ut legendum esse censet noster Mabillonius in noctis ad Acta SS. Mamma[…, blotted], Analect. tom. IV pag. 105. In Actis Graecis SS. Cononis et filii ejus, die 29 Maii Bollandiani, n. 4, praeses martyrem interrogat an papas sit aut diaconus, πρππᾶς ἢ διακων ; respondet se laicum esse. Et in Actis SS. Modesti et Viti editis et mss. Vitus puer Modestum suum papatem non semel compellat. RUINART.

(16) Pope. Perhaps papatem, as our Mabillon thinks it should be read, in his notes on the Acts of SS. Mamma[…], Analecta, vol. IV, p. 105. In the Greek Acts of St. Conon and his son, at 29 May in the Bollandists, no. 4, the governor asks the martyr whether he is a papas or a deacon (the Greek printed prppas [sic] ē diakōn); he answers that he is a layman. And in the Acts of SS. Modestus and Vitus, printed and in manuscript, the boy Vitus more than once calls his Modestus papas. RUINART. [Several words of this note are blotted in the scan; "Cononis", "n. 4", "diaconus", "esse" read through the blots.]

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(17) ‹anchor: sacratissimi› · call in col 1562

(printed under page 832) (17) Sacratissimi. Aug. n. 5 ; Cum enim ejus immobilem mentem videret, quando ei dixit : Jusserunt te principes caeremoniari ; responditque ille : Non facio ; adjecit et ait : Consule tibi, etc. Deinde n. 6 : Fac, inquit, quod tibi praeceptum est. In re tam justa nulla est consultatio. Dixerat quippe illi : Consule tibi. Ad hoc responsum est : In re tam justa, etc. RUINART.

(17) Most sacred. Augustine, no. 5: For when he saw his immovable mind, when he had said to him, "The emperors have ordered you to perform the ceremonies," and he answered, "I do not," he added and said, "Take thought for yourself," etc. Then no. 6: "Do," he said, "what you have been ordered. In so just a matter there is no deliberating." For he had said to him, "Take thought for yourself." To this the answer was, "In so just a matter," etc. RUINART.

(printed under page 832) (18) Collocutus cum consilio. Ut mos erat Romanis praesidibus, pone siparium consiliarios seden- (continues)

(18) Having conferred with his council. As was the custom of Roman governors, [to have] counsellors seat[ed] behind the curtain (continues)

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19 ‹anchor: mane› · call in col 1562 (printed under page 832; text with n1561)

(15) ‹anchor: atrio Sauciolo› · call in col 1562

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(16) ‹anchor: papam› · call in col 1562

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(17) ‹anchor: sacratissimi› · call in col 1562

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(18) ‹anchor: cum consilio› · call in col 1562

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[Variae lectiones] 20 ‹anchor: Deo gratias› · call in col 1563 ²⁰ Gratias ago Deo omnipotenti, qui me a vinculis hujus corporis dignatur absolvere Gal. Act. Pass.

²⁰ "I give thanks to almighty God, who deigns to free me from the bonds of this body": Gallican, Acts of the Passion.

21 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1564 ²¹ Et cum duceretur, populus plangens et ejulans dicebat : Nos cum ipso decollemur Act. Pass.

²¹ "And as he was led away, the people, lamenting and wailing, said: Let us be beheaded with him": Acts of the Passion.

22 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1564 ²² Productus autem gloriosus martyr, exuit se lacernum birrum, quem indutus erat, complicans, et posuit ad genua sua, dein tunicam tulit et diaconibus tradidit Act. Pass. Tunicam tulit Saris.

²² "The glorious martyr, being brought forth, took off the cloak, the birrus, which he was wearing, folding it, and laid it at his knees; then he took off his tunic and handed it to the deacons": Acts of the Passion. "He took off his tunic": Salisbury.

23 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1564 ²³ Tunica Foss. Colb. Conch. S. Cenov.

²³ "Tunic": Fossatensis, Colbert, Conch., St. Genevieve.

24 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1564 ²⁴ Ad lineam Saris. Stans in linea Act. Pass. Lineis vestibus Gal.

²⁴ "To the linen": Salisbury. "Standing in his linen": Acts of the Passion. "In linen garments": Gallican.

25 ‹anchor: not visible› · call in col 1564 ²⁵ Dare praecepit Saris.

²⁵ "He ordered to be given": Salisbury.

26 ‹anchor: a fratribus› · call in col 1564 ²⁶ Fratres vero flentes, linteamina et oraria ante eum ponebant, ne sanctus cruor defluens absorberetur a terra Act. Pass.

²⁶ "And the brethren, weeping, laid linen cloths and napkins before him, so that the holy blood as it ran down might not be soaked up by the earth": Acts of the Passion.

[Variorum notae] (printed under page 833)

(18) (continued) · call on page 832, col 1562

tes, de sententia ferenda consulere. [Vid. Act. 25, 12. FELL.

(continued) …ted, to consult on the sentence to be given. [See Acts 25:12. FELL.

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(19) ‹anchor: nobilissimus Caesar› · call in col 1563

(printed under page 833) (19) Valerianus nobilissimus Caesar. Quem pater ejus in Persiam properans Caesarem renuntiavit, ubi infelicissimus senex, hanc Christianorum persecutionem, miserrima captivitate, et miseriore, si fieri potuit, morte luebat. FELL.

(19) Valerian, most noble Caesar. Whom his father proclaimed Caesar as he hastened into Persia, where the most unhappy old man paid for this persecution of the Christians by a most wretched captivity and a death more wretched still, if that were possible. FELL.

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(20) ‹anchor: animadverti placet› · call in col 1563

(printed under page 833) (20) Placet. Idem August., n. 6 : In quid erumpat cor notrum, nisi in ipsam venerabilis martyris ultimam vocem ? Cum enim Galerius Maximus decretum ex libello recitasset, Thascium Cyprianum gladio anidmadverti placet. Respondit ille ; Deo gratias. Habentes igitur de re... dicamus et nos Deo gratias. Et sic desinit sermo. RUINART.

(20) It is decided. The same Augustine, no. 6: Into what should our heart break forth, if not into the venerable martyr's own last word? For when Galerius Maximus had read the decree from the tablet, "It is decided that Thascius Cyprian be punished by the sword," he answered, "Thanks be to God." Having, therefore, concerning the matter... let us too say, Thanks be to God. And so the sermon ends. RUINART.

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(21) ‹anchor: not visible› · call not visible

(printed under page 833) (21) In agrum Sexti. Martyrologium Rom. Agrum Sexti, in sextum milliare a Carthagine juxta mare, permutabat. FELL.

(21) Into the field of Sextus. The Roman Martyrology changed the field of Sextus into the sixth mile from Carthage, by the sea. FELL.

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(22) ‹anchor: not visible› · call not visible

(printed under page 833) (22) Lacerna byrro. Lacerna sive birro ; altera ex duabus vocibus pro additamento habenda. Eminentissimus cardinalis Baronius, multis agit ut hinc doceamur qualis esset episcoporum habitus : et quidem, lynceus ille nobis ostendit lineam ad quam stetit Cyprianus, commune illud omnibus episcopis lineum indumentum quod ephod alii dicunt, italice vero rochetto fuisse. Byrum vero esse rubri coloris et sericum habitum clericatem. Proinde exhiberi : Exploratum antiquum episcoporum habitum, ut post vestem superinduerent lineam, et desuper eam solutam tunicam, ac denique humeros tantum tegens lacernum byrrum : quo genere indumenti hodie videmus uti sanctae Romanae Ecclesiae cardinales, atque episcopos illos qui a Regularibus ad eam dignitatem provecti sunt. Ita jam porro discimus Cyprianum aut cardinalem Ecclesiae Romanae fuisse, aut ex Regularibus ad dignitatem episcopalem provectum. Nihil certe est, de quo partium studio addicti sibi non possunt persuadere, et etiam sperare ut aliis persuadeant. Itane veste sua spectabiles in publicum procedunt clerici Ecclesiae Romanae, quando in regionibus agunt ubi sibi metuunt : gladiis cincti, et ut Campiani nostratis utar verbis : Habitu dementissimo induti? Inepie proconsul de episcopis et presbyteris detegendis fuisset sollicitus, si ex habitu essent omnibus conspicui. Obesae prorsus est naris, qui in his quae sequuntur, librariorum interpolationes, saeculis et ingeniis suis dignas, non deprehenderit. Illi quidem cum tunicam dignitati episcopali non satis respondere crediderant, officiosissimi homines, dalmaticam subministrabant FELL. — Alterutram ex his vocibus pro additamento habendam esse censet Oxon. editor. Certe in cod. 1 Germ. habetur tantum byrro. Porro notat ex Festo eruditus Cangius in Glossario byrrum antiquitus rufum significasse : quae vox si hoc loco sic intelligatur, praeferenda esset lectio aliquot codd. qui sic habent, lacerno byro exspoliatus est. De byrro et lacerna tanquam de duplici vestis specie loquitur Sulpicius Severus, lib. I Dialog., cap. 14, apud Baronium ad annum 261. n. 41, ubi plura is habet de hac re. At mirum est ab eo hodiernas episcoporum vestes in his verbis repertas fuisse. Talibus quippe ornamentis episcopos olim usos fuisse, prius esset probandum : Byrrum quo S. Odo Clumaci abbas tegebatur more cappae per extremitatem fimbriae apprehendentes osculabantur Dei famuli reverentiae causa. Ex ejus Vitae auctore Joanne, lib. II, num. 5, saec. V. SS. Ord. Bened. p. 167. RUINART.

(22) The cloak, the byrrus. "Lacerna or birrus": one of the two words is to be taken as an addition. The most eminent Cardinal Baronius labours at length to teach us from this passage what the dress of bishops was; indeed that lynx-eyed man shows us that the linen in which Cyprian stood was that linen garment common to all bishops which some call the ephod, and in Italian the rochet. The byrrus, he says, was of red colour, a silk clerical garment. He therefore sets out: It is established that the ancient dress of bishops was that they put on a linen garment, and over it a loose tunic, and finally a cloak, the byrrus, covering only the shoulders: a kind of dress which we see used today by the cardinals of the holy Roman Church, and by those bishops who have been raised to that dignity from among the Regulars. So now we learn further that Cyprian was either a cardinal of the Roman Church or raised from the Regulars to the episcopal dignity. There is surely nothing that men given over to party zeal cannot persuade themselves of, and even hope to persuade others. Do the clergy of the Roman Church go out in public, conspicuous in their dress, when they are in regions where they fear for themselves — girded with swords and, to use the words of our countryman Campion, clothed in a most mad habit? The proconsul would have been foolishly anxious about uncovering bishops and presbyters if they had been conspicuous to all by their dress. He has a dull nose indeed who does not detect in what follows the copyists' interpolations, worthy of their age and their wits. For when they had come to think that a tunic did not sufficiently befit the episcopal dignity, those most obliging men supplied a dalmatic. FELL. — The Oxford editor thinks one or other of these words should be taken as an addition. Certainly in Germanensis 1 there is only byrro. Further, the learned Du Cange in his Glossary notes from Festus that byrrus anciently meant red: if the word is understood so here, the reading of several manuscripts that have he was stripped of his red cloak would be preferable. Sulpicius Severus, Dialogues book I, chapter 14, speaks of the byrrus and the lacerna as of two kinds of garment, cited by Baronius at the year 261, no. 41, where he has more on the matter. But it is strange that he found the present-day vestments of bishops in these words. That bishops once used such ornaments would first have to be proved: The byrrus with which St. Odo, abbot of Cluny (printed Clumaci), was covered, after the manner of a cope, the servants of God took hold of by the edge of its fringe and kissed out of reverence. From the author of his Life, John, book II, no. 5, Acta SS. Ord. Bened., saec. V, p. 167. RUINART. [A few words in this note are blotted in the scan and read through the blots: "tantum", "indumenti hodie", "cardinales, atque", "eam dignitatem", "Nihil", "non possunt", "persuadeant", "publicum", "omnibus", "naris", "his quae".]

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(23) ‹anchor: not visible› · call not visible

(printed under page 833) (23) Dalmatica. Codd. Fossat. Colb. Conch, S. Genovefae, etc., pro dalmatica, habent tunica ; sed multo plures codd. dalmatica. Caeterum dalmaticae nomen antiquis ignotum non fuit. Commodus apud Lamprid, dalmaticatus in publico processisse dicitur. De dalmatica plura collegit Baronius in notis ad Martyr. Rom. die 31 Maii, ubi de Paschasio diacono. ID.

(23) Dalmatic. The Fossatensis, Colbert, Conch., St. Genevieve and other manuscripts have tunic for dalmatic; but many more manuscripts have dalmatic. The name of the dalmatic was not, however, unknown to the ancients: Commodus, in Lampridius, is said to have gone out in a dalmatic in public. Baronius collected more on the dalmatic in his notes on the Roman Martyrology at 31 May, on Paschasius the deacon. THE SAME [Ruinart].

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(24) ‹anchor: not visible› · call not visible

(printed under page 833) (24) Spiculatori XXV aureos darent. Hanc largitionem librariis debitam innuit Oxon. editor. Favet Augustin. loco laudato, ubi ait extrema martyris verba fuisse. Deo gratias, quae statim post recitatam sententiam pronuntiavit. Omnes tamen mss. quos videre licuit, hanc Cypriani liberalitatem commemorant. Maximilianus, cujus Acta ad an. 295 proferemus, vestem sibi paratam a patre, rogavit dari spiculateri. RUINART. — Largitio haec videtur ex librariorum munificentia facta. Sed si singuli aurei monetae nostrae quinque solidos valeant, summula data conficiet sex libras et quinque solidos, pecuniarum quas sterlingas vocamus. FELL.

(24) That they give the executioner twenty-five gold pieces. The Oxford editor hints that this largess is owed to the copyists. Augustine favours this in the passage cited, where he says the martyr's last words were Thanks be to God, which he spoke immediately after the sentence was read. Yet all the manuscripts we have been able to see record this generosity of Cyprian. Maximilian, whose Acts we shall give at the year 295, asked that the garment his father had prepared for him be given to the executioner (printed spiculateri). RUINART. — This largess seems to have been made out of the copyists' munificence. But if each gold piece is worth five shillings of our money, the little sum given will come to six pounds and five shillings of the money we call sterling. FELL.

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[Acta proconsularia — Variorum notae, last note of the Acta]

(25) ‹anchor: cum cereis et scholacibus› · call in col 1565

(25) Cum cereis et scholacibus, Cardinalis Baronius, ad ann. Chr. 261, num. 36, ait : Pristinus hic mos reseratur Christianos sepeliendi, praecedente clero diversarum classium atque scholarum, accensas faces gestantibus singulis magna plane pompa. Ita Valeriano imperium obtinente, diversas classes et scholas habuerunt Christiani ; et martyrum funera procedentes instructo agmine, ad hodiernum supplicationum ritum, celebrabant. Desideramus hic, ut alibi passim, historiae ecclesiasticae fidem et dignitatem. Rigalt. ait : In exemplaribus legitur : Ad cereos et scholaces. Rectissime. Scholoces Graecae originis vocabulum, sirpos aut funes intortos significat, ex quibus ceratis funalia, in usum nocturni luminis. Funales et scholaces erant candelae, quae quoquoversus arcte vinciebant thecam librorum Numae. Erant enim sequacis ad vincula lentitiae et sub terram depositae non computrescebant, stipatae cedro ceraque. Intempesta nocte ad corpus amovendum perrexerant fratres, ne id attentarent in Cyprianum Afri, quod in Polycarpum perpetrarunt gentiles Asiatici. De qua re vide Euseb. l. IV, c. 15. Judaei Joan. XVIII dicuntur venisse μετὰ φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων. FELL. — Scholacibus. Hunc locum ex compluribus mss. sic restituimus. In editis et aliquot mss. pro Candidiani habetur Candidi. Baronius Scholacium nomine designari putat scholas cleri cum cereis, etc. Rigaltius vero faces ad arcendas noctis tenebras, ejusmodi funalia scholaces a plerisque appellata esse observat Cangius in Glossario. Coemeteria autem Christianorum appellata fuisse Arenarias seu Areas patet ex Actis SS. Montani, etc., et ex Tertulliano, ad Scapulam, c. 3. Videsis Baronium ad diem 3 Januar., in notis ad Martyrolog. Roman. RUINART.

(25) With tapers and scholaces. Cardinal Baronius, at the year of Christ 261, no. 36, says: Here the ancient custom of burying Christians is revealed, the clergy of the various classes and schools going before, each carrying lighted torches, a truly great procession. So, while Valerian held the empire, the Christians had various classes and schools, and celebrated the funerals of martyrs going in ordered ranks, after the manner of today's rite of processions. Here, as often elsewhere, we miss the reliability and dignity of church history. Rigault says: In the copies one reads: "To the tapers and scholaces." Quite rightly. Scholoces, a word of Greek origin, means rushes or twisted cords, from which, waxed, torches were made for light at night. Torches and scholaces were the candles which bound the chest of Numa's books tightly on every side. For they were of a pliant toughness for binding, and laid under the earth did not rot, packed with cedar and wax. At dead of night the brethren had gone to remove the body, so that the Africans might not attempt against Cyprian what the gentiles of Asia had done against Polycarp. On which see Eusebius, book IV, chapter 15. The Jews in John 18 are said to have come "with lanterns and torches." FELL. — With scholaces. We have restored this passage thus from several manuscripts. In the printed editions and some manuscripts Candidi stands for Candidiani. Baronius thinks the schools of the clergy with tapers, etc., are meant by the name scholaces. But Rigault [takes them as] torches to keep off the darkness of night; Du Cange observes in his Glossary that most writers called such torches scholaces. That the cemeteries of the Christians were called Arenariae or Areae is clear from the Acts of SS. Montanus, etc., and from Tertullian, To Scapula, chapter 3. See Baronius at 3 January, in the notes on the Roman Martyrology. RUINART.

(printed under page 834) [Appendix: Passio S. Cypriani ex ms. S. Victoris necnon Bodleiano — Variae lectiones] 1 ‹anchor: omnibus› · call in col 1565 ¹ Sic Bod. 1. Omnibus veniri Imp.

¹ So Bodleian 1. "That they would come on all [days]": printed edition.

2 ‹anchor: cum illic› · call in col 1565 ² Cum illic idem demoraretur Bod. 1.

² "When the same man was staying there": Bodleian 1.

3 ‹anchor: in curriculum eum› · call in col 1566 ³ Imposuerunt, et in Sexti Bod. 1.

³ "They put him, and to Sextus": Bodleian 1.

[Appendix — Variorum notae] (printed under page 834)

(1) ‹anchor: Passio S. Cypriani› · call in col 1565 (title)

(printed under page 834) (1) Passio S. Cypriani. Rigalt. ait hanc de Cypriani martyrio narrationem, ut est brevissima, sic etiam esse antiquissimam arbitramur. Plurima Pontius pio erga suum episcopum affectu rhetorica libertate ingeniose commentus est. Multa etiam alii, pro captu quisque suo, adjecerunt, aliena saeculo, aliena personis, quaedam etiam detraxerunt valde bona ; ut jam pauca supersint quae praestare possimus sincera. Illa ipsa quae Prudentius poeta, passionem Cypriani descripturus, famae accepta refert, Actis inserta transeunt in historiam. FELL.

(1) The Passion of St. Cyprian. Rigault says: this narrative of Cyprian's martyrdom, as it is the shortest, so we judge it also the most ancient. Pontius, out of pious affection for his bishop, invented a great deal ingeniously with rhetorical licence. Others too, each according to his capacity, added much, foreign to the age, foreign to the persons, and also took away some things that were very good; so that few things now remain that we can vouch for as genuine. The very things the poet Prudentius, when about to describe Cyprian's passion, credits to report, once inserted in the Acts pass into history. FELL.

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(2) ‹anchor: et personaliter› · call in col 1565

(printed under page 834) (2) Specialiter ad hoc et personaliter. Haec ineptus aliquis de grege leguleiorum intrusit. RIGALT.

(2) Specially for this and personally. Some inept fellow from the herd of pettifoggers thrust these words in. RIGAULT.

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(3) ‹anchor: modis veniri› · call in col 1565

(printed under page 834) (3) Et ad diem omnibus veniri. Legendum videtur, et ad se diebus omnibus veniri. Augustinus : Et inde quotidie sperabat veniri ad se. Ipse Cyprianus, epist. 82, ubi de litteris Valeriani : Quas litteras quotidie speramus venire. RIGALT.

(3) And that they would come on the day by all [means]. It seems one should read "and that they would come to him on all days." Augustine: And from there he daily hoped that they would come to him. Cyprian himself, letter 82, on Valerian's letter: which letter we daily expect to come. RIGAULT.

(printed under page 834) (4) Proconsulis clarissimi viri. Proconsulem titulo clarissimi viri insignitum fuisse ex Codice Justiniani et aliis veterum scriptis notum est ; sed ut, quod hic factum est, perpetuo ingeratur, librariorum elegantia haberi debet, quorum perpetuus mos est omnia quae emendant contaminare. FELL.

(4) Of the proconsul, the most illustrious man. That the proconsul bore the title clarissimus vir is known from the Code of Justinian and other writings of the ancients; but that it should be thrust in perpetually, as is done here, must be put down to the elegance of the copyists, whose constant habit it is to spoil everything they emend. FELL. [A few words are blotted in the scan and read through the blots: "Justiniani", "quod", "ele-", "est".]

(printed under page 834) (5) In hospitio ejus. Pontius : delicata custodia. RIGALT.

(5) In his lodging. Pontius: a gentle custody. RIGAULT.

(printed under page 834) (6) Inter Venerea et Salutaria. Inter Veneris et Salutis fanum. Acta ex cod. Fossatensi et Pratensi : (continues)

(6) Between the Venerea and the Salutaria. Between the shrine of Venus and that of Salus. The Acts from the Fossatensis and Pratensis manuscripts: (continues) [the name "Fossatensi" is blotted in the scan and read through the blot]

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(4) ‹anchor: clarissimi viri› · call in col 1566

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(5) ‹anchor: in hospitio ejus› · call in col 1566

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(6) ‹anchor: Venerea et Salutaria› · call in col 1566

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[Appendix: Passio S. Cypriani — Variae lectiones] 4 ‹anchor: praeceptum Galerii› · call in col 1567 ⁴ Galerii Maximi in atrio sedentis, obvoluto et sauciolo Rigalt. Voluntarie Sauciolo Bod. 1.

⁴ "Of Galerius Maximus sitting in the court, wrapped up and sauciolo": Rigault. "Voluntarily, in the Sauciolum": Bodleian 1.

5 ‹anchor: Cypriano dixit› · call in col 1567 ⁵ Tu es Thascius Cyprianus. Dixit : Ego. Galerius Maximus dixit Bod. 1.

⁵ "You are Thascius Cyprian. He said: I am. Galerius Maximus said": Bodleian 1.

[Appendix — Variorum notae] (printed under page 835)

(6) (continued) · call on page 834, col 1566

Inter Venariam et Salariam. In aliis codicib. legitur Salutariam. Non est spernendum quod in Victoriano scriptum est : inter Venaria et Salutaria ; hac enim manu ducor, ut existimen scriptum fuisse, inter Venaria Salutaria ab aliquo sciolo qui apud Pontium legerat locum ubi Cyprianum pati contigit, fuisse arboribns ex omni parte densatis consitum. RIGALT.

(continued) Between the Venaria and the Salaria. In other manuscripts one reads Salutaria. What is written in the Victorine manuscript is not to be despised: between the Venaria and the Salutaria; for by this hand I am led to think that between the hunting-grounds, the wholesome places was written by some smatterer who had read in Pontius that the place where Cyprian happened to suffer was planted with trees thick on every side. RIGAULT.

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(7) ‹anchor: fratrum mansit› · call in col 1567

(printed under page 835) (7) Universus populus fratrum mansit. Nocturnae convocationes Christianorum olim apud ethnicos suspectae ; et prostrata puellarum pudicitia passim illis objiciebatur. Vid. Tertull. ad Uxor. l. II, Justin. et Athenag. in Legat. et Minut. Fel. Ideo de custodiendis virginibus adeo sollicitus erat Cyprianus. Pontius istam pernoctationem, ad vigiliam maxime solemnem quae Pascha antecedebat, revocare videtur, quae Eusebio, ἡ μεγάλης ἑορτῆς παννυχίς, l. II, c. 17, et ἡ μεγάλη τοῦ Πάσχα διανυκτέρευσις, l. VI, c. 9. Unde conjicere licebit, per illa saecula, vigilias ex recepto more, martyrum natales, licet episcopi essent, miuime praecessisse. Siquidem tanquam peculiare quiddam observat, quod Dei populus etiam in sacerdotis passione vigilaret. FELL.

(7) The whole people of the brethren stayed. The nocturnal gatherings of the Christians were once suspect among the heathen, and the prostituted chastity of girls was everywhere laid against them. See Tertullian, To his Wife, book II; Justin, and Athenagoras in the Embassy; and Minucius Felix. That is why Cyprian was so anxious about guarding the virgins. Pontius seems to refer this night-long watch to the most solemn vigil that preceded Easter, which in Eusebius is "the all-night watch of the great feast," book II, chapter 17, and "the great night-watch of the Pasch," book VI, chapter 9. From this one may conjecture that in those ages, by received custom, vigils did not precede the birthdays of martyrs, even though they were bishops. For he notes it as something peculiar, that the people of God kept vigil even at the passion of their bishop. FELL.

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(8) ‹anchor: sedentis Sauciolo› · call in col 1567

(printed under page 835) (8) In atrio sedentis Sauciolo. Sedenti obvoluto et sauciolo. Hactenus nemo hanc protulit ex ullo exemplari scripturam. Vulgatissima illa est : In atrio sedenti Sauciolo, et in actis a Manutio et Morellio, editis : atrium quoque proconsulis dicitur Sauciolum. Sed parum probabile videtur ullum fuisse atrio cognomentum. Faber testatur in veteri codice reperiri : Seleutiolo. Quod igitur in isto Victorino scriptum est, obvoluto et Sauciolo, et cui displiceat istud, Sauciolo, emendari poterit levissima mutatione : Mane multo ad Sexti, secundum praeceptum Galerii Maximi proconsulis, clarissimi viri in atrio sedenti, obvoluto et helucioso, oblatus est. Scriptor iste qui venaria dixit, pro venationibus, aut venatoriis, heluciosum quoque dixerit pro helucoso : ut sit helucosus sive heluciosus ὁ καρηβαρῶν. Notandum vero est eumdem scriptorem hoc quoque tradere : Proconsulem in locum, qui dicitur Sexti, secessisse valetudinis gratia, locum nempe amoenum inter venationes et saltus. Notandum etiam in ista narratione, proconsulem vix et aegre interrogasse et allocutum esse. Itaque sedisse in atrio obvolutum, pannis fortasse et focalibus, ut solent aegrotantes, aut sauciati, unde aliquis postea dixerit obvolutum et sauciolum. Quae conjectura firmatur eo quod in Actis aliis legitur : Post paucos dies proconsulem decessisse. RIG. — At quantumcunque sibi placeat Rigaltius in conjectura sua, constat Sauciolum praetorii atria denotare. Concil. Matisconensi secundo c. 19 dicitur : « Ut ad locum examinationis reorum nullus clericus accedat, neque intersit atrio Sauciolo, ubi pro reatus sui qualitate, quispiam interficiendus est. » Si quis vocem hanc ex gothica barbarie haustam, et a sequiorum temporum librario, in atrii interpretamentum additam dixerit, minime repugnabo, FELL.

(8) Of [the proconsul] sitting in the Sauciolum court. "To him sitting, wrapped up and sauciolo." Until now no one has brought forward this reading from any copy. The most common is To him sitting in the Sauciolum court, and in the Acts published by Manutius and Morel the proconsul's court is also called Sauciolum. But it seems hardly probable that the court had any name. Faber attests that Seleutiolo is found in an old manuscript. What is written, then, in this Victorine manuscript, wrapped up and Sauciolo — and whoever dislikes that Sauciolo can emend it by the slightest change: Early in the morning at Sextus, by order of Galerius Maximus the proconsul, most illustrious man, he was brought before him as he sat in the court, wrapped up and heluciosus. The writer who said venaria for venationes or venatoria may also have said heluciosus for helucosus, so that helucosus or heluciosus means "the heavy-headed one" [Greek as printed, read as καρηβαρῶν; partly blurred in the scan]. It should be noted, moreover, that the same writer also relates that the proconsul had withdrawn for his health to the place called Sextus, a pleasant spot among hunting-grounds and woodland. Note too that in this account the proconsul questioned and addressed him barely and with difficulty. So he sat in the court wrapped up, perhaps in cloths and neck-wraps, as the sick or the injured do; whence someone later may have said "wrapped up and sauciolus." This conjecture is confirmed by the fact that other Acts read: After a few days the proconsul died. RIGAULT. — But however much Rigault may be pleased with his conjecture, it is agreed that Sauciolum denotes the courts of the praetorium. The second council of Mâcon, c. 19, says: "That no cleric approach the place where the accused are examined, nor be present in the Sauciolum court, where anyone is to be put to death according to the nature of his guilt." If anyone says this word was drawn from Gothic barbarism and added by a copyist of later times as a gloss on atrium, I shall not object at all. FELL.

(printed under page 835) (9) Obdurati furoris. Aliquid hic turbatum est. Nam haec verba sunt proconsulis, in Cypriani constantiam et fidei Christiani robur ; quasi Galerius allocutione ad martyrem sua dixisset : Nec te obdurati furoris, pii et sanctissimi principes nostri, secta felicissimorum temporum suorum, ad caeremonias percolendas revocare potuerunt, etc. RIG.

(9) Of hardened madness. Something is confused here. For these are the proconsul's words, against Cyprian's constancy and the strength of Christian faith; as though Galerius in his address to the martyr had said: "Nor could our pious and most holy emperors, by the course of their most happy times, call you, a man of hardened madness, back to observing the ceremonies," etc. RIGAULT.

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(9) ‹anchor: obdurati furoris› · call in col 1568

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