PL 54 · cols. 31–50

Pasquier Quesnel, Praefatio generalis in suam editionem operum S. Leonis Magni, et ejusdem Nuncupatoria

Editors' preface

P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO GENERALIS IN SUAM EDITIONEM OPERUM S. LEONIS MAGNI.

P. QUESNEL'S GENERAL PREFACE TO HIS EDITION OF THE WORKS OF ST LEO THE GREAT.

I. Sanctae Ecclesiae catholicae fundamentum a Christo positum unum est, fides divina. Fidei porro fons unicus, verbum Dei, seu illud quod sacris litteris expressum legitur, seu quod apostolis viva voce creditum per sanctorum Patrum traditionem ad nos usque transmissum accepimus. Quamobrem hic labor haec opera homine ecclesiastico digna in primis censenda

I. The foundation of the holy Catholic Church laid by Christ is one: divine faith. And of faith the only fount is the word of God, whether that which is read set forth in the sacred writings, or that which, entrusted to the apostles by the living voice, we have received handed down even to us through the tradition of the holy Fathers. Wherefore this labour, this pains, is above all to be judged worthy of a churchman

Editors' notes and page, col. 31

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running head: 31 PRAEFATIO GENERALIS IN HANC EDITIONEM. 32
marginal letters: A ‹I. Sanctae Ecclesiae catholicae fundamentum a›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: The upper part of the page (full width, §§ XXIII–XXIV, the end of the Ballerini general preface) belongs to unit ed_ballerini_praefatio and is not set here. The three-line caption is printed across both columns and is set once, here. The last word is printed cen- at the foot of col. 31 and completed (senda) on the first line of col. 32; set whole here.

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est, quae in eo ponitur, ut geminus ille catholicae fidei alveus ab adventitia colluvie purior semper evadat: ne, vivis illis ac coelestibus veritatis divinae aquis peregrinarum doctrinarum luto turbatis, inficiantur potius quam reficiantur fidelium mentes.

which is spent on this, that that twofold channel of the Catholic faith may ever come forth purer from the filth that has flowed in from without: lest, those living and heavenly waters of divine truth being troubled by the mud of foreign doctrines, the minds of the faithful be tainted rather than refreshed.

Secernendis eluendisque mendis quibus sacrae paginae seu temporum ignorantia, seu malitia haereticorum

In separating and washing out the faults with which the sacred pages, whether by the ignorance of the times or by the malice of heretics,

Editors' notes and page, col. 32

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running head: 31 PRAEFATIO GENERALIS IN HANC EDITIONEM. 32
marginal letters: A ‹senda est, quae in eo ponitur, ut geminus ille catho-› (the letter stands between the columns)
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: The upper part of the page (full width, end of the Ballerini general preface) is not part of this unit. The caption printed across both columns is set once under col. 31. The first printed letters of this column, "senda", complete "cen-" of col. 31 and are set there. The last word is printed haeretico- at the foot of col. 32 and completed (rum) on the first line of col. 33; set whole here.

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inspersae fuerant, tam diligenti cura, tam felici successu laboratum est ab eruditis Ecclesiae catholicae alumnis, ut ab isto jam limpidissimo fonte scientiam salutis haurire cuique sine ulla erroris formidine liceat. At SS. Patrum scripta, per quae velut per alterum alveum veritas a Christo capite ad nos usque volventibus saeculis traducitur, nondum ab erratorum et interpolationum faece satis purgata sunt, nondum suae puritati plene reddita: tametsi jam a centum quinquaginta et amplius annis hoc moliri coeperint haud mediocribus vigiliis viri impense docti, ut nobis sancti Patres toti quasi renascerentur. Aetati nostrae servata palma haec videtur; in qua praecipuorum ex illis Opera accurata recensione, luculentisque eruditorum virorum commentariis illustrata vel prodierunt non ita pridem, vel brevi sunt proditura. Mihi pro mearum tenuitate virium haec tam multiplicis laboris particula contigit, ut S. Leonis papae Opera expurganda pristinoque, si possent, nitori restituenda susciperem: Leonis, inquam, scriptorum mole minimi, cognomine Magni, vitae sanctimonia, gestisque juxta et scriptis rebus maximi; cujus scripta tanto sunt majoris in sacra traditione momenti, quanto et majores apostoli quibus successit, et Romana quam rexit Ecclesia, caeteris Occidentalibus antiquior, omnibus eminentior propter potentiorem, ut loquitur Irenaeus. principalitatem semper est habita.

had been bespattered, the learned sons of the Catholic Church have laboured with such diligent care and such happy success that from that fount, now most limpid, anyone may draw the knowledge of salvation without any fear of error. But the writings of the holy Fathers, through which, as through a second channel, the truth is carried down from Christ the head even to us as the ages roll on, have not yet been sufficiently purged of the dregs of errors and interpolations, nor yet fully restored to their own purity: although for a hundred and fifty years and more now men of exceeding learning have begun, with no ordinary vigils, to strive for this, that the holy Fathers might, as it were, be born again whole for us. This palm seems to have been kept for our age; in which the Works of the chief among them, set out in a careful recension and with the splendid commentaries of learned men, have either come forth not so long ago or are shortly to come forth. To me, according to the slightness of my powers, there has fallen this small portion of so manifold a labour: that I should undertake to cleanse the Works of St Leo the pope and restore them, if they could be restored, to their former brightness: of Leo, I say, the least in the bulk of his writings, Great by surname, greatest in holiness of life and alike in things done and things written; whose writings are of so much the greater weight in sacred tradition as both the apostles whom he succeeded are greater, and the Roman Church which he ruled, more ancient than the other Western churches, has always been held more eminent than all on account of its more powerful principality, as Irenaeus says.

In eo autem, quem nobis sumpsimus, labore tot antecessores habuimus, ut vix inter sanctos Patres unus sit cujus scriptis medicam manum plures adhibuerint, nec alius tamen qui ea cura magis indigeret. Antequam igitur nostri in hac editione instituti ac laboris rationem reddamus, operae pretium est brevi hic elencho repraesentare quid ab aliis praestitum in suis editionibus, tum ne sua cuiquam debita laus pereat, tum ut quid opella nostra huic accesserit, facilius quisque possit intelligere.

Now in this labour which we have taken upon ourselves we have had so many predecessors that there is scarcely one among the holy Fathers to whose writings more men have applied a healing hand, and yet no other who stood in greater need of that care. Before, therefore, we give an account of our design and labour in this edition, it is worth while to set forth here in a short list what has been achieved by others in their editions, both that no one's due praise may perish, and that everyone may more easily understand what our small effort has added to this.

II. JOHANNES ANDREAS Aleriensis in Corsica insula episcopus primam Operum S. Leonis I editionem procuravit Venetiis ann. 1485; typis Andreae Parmensis socii artis impressoriae. Haec prima editio paucas admodum Epistolas continet Sermonibus adjectas.

II. JOHANNES ANDREAS, bishop of Aleria in the island of Corsica, saw to the first edition of the Works of St Leo I at Venice in the year 1485, from the types of Andreas of Parma, a partner in the printing art. This first edition contains very few Letters, added to the Sermons.

Eadem editio ibidem repetita est an. 1505, in typographeio Bartholomaei de Zanis de Portesio, librariae artis peritissimo, expensis haeredum nobilis viri Q. Domini Octaviani Scoti.

The same edition was repeated in the same place in the year 1505, in the printing house of Bartholomaeus de Zanis of Portese, a man most skilled in the bookmaking art, at the expense of the heirs of the noble man the late Lord Octavianus Scotus.

Prodidit Parisiis anno 1511 alia editio, in qua insertus habetur tractatus de Conflictu virtutum et vitiorum.

There came out at Paris in the year 1511 another edition, in which the treatise On the Conflict of Virtues and Vices is found inserted.

JACOBUS MERLINUS, theologiae doctor Parisiensis,

JACOBUS MERLINUS, doctor of theology of Paris,

Editors' notes and page, col. 33

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: editionem procuravit› · call in col 33

Dicendum est Romae ante annum 1472, ut patebit ex dicendis in praefatione ad Sermones S. Leonis num. 22. Addenda est etiam altera ejusdem editionis repetitio Venetiis an. 1482, quae praecessit Venetam anni 1485. Hoc loco memoranda pariter est interpretatio Italica Sermonum S. Leonis ex eadem Aleriensis editione Latina; ita ut et quinque epistolae ejusdem pontificis, et ipsa Aleriensis nuncupatoria epistola Italice redditae fuerint. Hujus autem rarissimae editionis in-folio, quam apud cl. virum apostolum Zenum inspicere licuit, hic titulus est: Corsini di Bartolomeo Fiorentino. Sermoni del Beato Leone papa di lingua Latina in lingua Toscana da lui tradotti adi 21 di Maggio 1485.

It should be said at Rome before the year 1472, as will appear from what is to be said in the preface to the Sermons of St. Leo, no. 22. There must also be added a second reprint of the same edition, at Venice in the year 1482, which preceded the Venetian one of the year 1485. In this place the Italian translation of St. Leo's Sermons, made from the same Latin edition of the bishop of Aleria, is likewise to be mentioned; such that five letters of the same pontiff, and the bishop of Aleria's own dedicatory letter, were also rendered into Italian. Of this very rare folio edition, which I was allowed to inspect at the house of the distinguished Apostolo Zeno, the title is this: Corsini di Bartolomeo, Florentine. Sermons of Blessed Leo the pope, translated by him from the Latin tongue into the Tuscan tongue, on the 21st day of May 1485.

(printed under page 22)

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running head: 33 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 34
marginal letters: A ‹rum inspersae fuerant, tam diligenti cura, tam felici›; B ‹tariis illustrata vel prodierunt non ita pridem, vel / brevi sunt proditura› (between the two lines); C ‹buerint, nec alius tamen qui ea cura magis indigeret.›; D ‹brariae artis peritissimo, expensis haeredum nobilis›
old-edition numerals: (none)

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evulgavit Parisiis an. 1524 Isidorianam Conciliorum et Epistolarum pontificiarum Collectionem, in qua Epistolae Leonis nonaginta quatuor habentur, multis quidem locis mendosae, sed vicissim in aliquibus multis recentioribus emendatiores. Prelo haec iterum subjecta Coloniae an. 1530, et Parisiis 1535.

published at Paris in the year 1524 the Isidorian Collection of Councils and pontifical Letters, in which ninety-four Letters of Leo are found, faulty indeed in many places, but in turn in some places more correct than many later ones. This was put to the press again at Cologne in the year 1530, and at Paris in 1535.

PETRUS CRABBE, Minorita, Mechlinensis ampliorem Conciliorum editionem accuravit an. 1538, excuditque Coloniae; in qua, ut monet ille, Epistolarum Leonis papae I magis propria et apta ordinatio; quae enim, addit idem, prius confuse conscriptae sunt, nunc secundum consulum (modo sciri possint) ac mensium debitum ordinem sunt constitutae; quibus deficientibus ordo reliquarum Epistolarum, qui aptior visus est, servatur. Prima igitur laus tentati Epistolarum istarum ordinis Crabbeo debetur, cujus editio denuo excusa est an. 1551.

PETRUS CRABBE, a Friar Minor, of Mechelen, prepared a fuller edition of the Councils in the year 1538 and printed it at Cologne; in which, as he himself advises, there is a more proper and fitting arrangement of the Letters of Pope Leo I; for those which, the same man adds, were formerly written out confusedly have now been set in the due order of the consuls (provided these can be known) and of the months; and where these fail, that order of the remaining Letters is kept which seemed the more fitting. The first praise, therefore, for attempting an order of these Letters is owed to Crabbe, whose edition was printed anew in the year 1551.

PETRUS CANISIUS Noviomagensis, clericus tunc Coloniensis dioecesis, qui postea societati Jesu nomen dedit, ac pietate doctrinaque insignis fuit, uberiorem Operum S. Leonis collectionem publicavit Coloniae ann. 1546 et 1547: Adminiculo, ut scribit, admodum vetustorum et emendatissimorum exemplariorum adjutus, quamquam haud sine gravi labore. Laudanda viri adhuc tum junioris diligentia; non laudandus ubique successus: dum enim auctiorem vult promere Leonem, ejusdem scriptis inseruit libellum illum De conflictu vitiorum et virtutum, quem vel sola mentio Regulae S. Benedicti non esse Leonis nostri persuadere debuerat. Plura etiam menda magnificasque aliquot epistolarum inscriptiones continet, quae nec in anterioribus Canisiana editionibus, nec in codicibus mss. leguntur, ut suis locis annotabimus.

PETRUS CANISIUS of Nijmegen, then a cleric of the diocese of Cologne, who afterwards gave his name to the Society of Jesus and was distinguished for piety and learning, published a richer collection of the Works of St Leo at Cologne in the years 1546 and 1547: helped, as he writes, by the support of very old and most correct copies, although not without heavy labour. The diligence of a man then still rather young is to be praised; the success is not everywhere to be praised: for while he wishes to bring out a fuller Leo, he inserted among his writings that little book On the Conflict of Vices and Virtues, which the mere mention of the Rule of St Benedict ought to have persuaded him was not our Leo's. It also contains more faults, and some grandiose headings of letters, which are read neither in the editions earlier than that of Canisius nor in the manuscript codices, as we shall note in their places.

LAURENTIUS SURIUS Carthusianus tota Ecclesia celebris operam suam in Leonis editione navavit an. 1561, in qua multum se temporis ac operae posuisse profitetur in corrigendis illius operibus, licet ante annos aliquot, inquit, doctorum virorum studio emendata prodiissent. Fatetur tamen non se totum Leonem suae ubique integritati ita restituisse, ut nihil jam reliquum esset castigatione dignum: Nec mirum, inquit, cum ipse Leo fateatur etiam tum cum adhuc in humanis ageret, vitiatam fuisse epistolam illam suam, quae est ad Flavianum.

LAURENTIUS SURIUS the Carthusian, renowned throughout the whole Church, devoted his pains to an edition of Leo in the year 1561, in which he declares that he spent much time and pains in correcting that man's works, although, he says, they had come out some years before corrected by the zeal of learned men. Yet he confesses that he has not so restored the whole of Leo everywhere to his integrity that nothing now remained deserving correction: Nor is it any wonder, he says, since Leo himself confesses that even then, while he was still among the living, that letter of his which is to Flavian had been corrupted.

Idem Leonis Epistolas inseruit suae conciliorum Collectioni, quae anno 1567 Coloniae prodiit et priorem editionem omnium illius Operum anno 1569 Coloniae recudit.

The same man inserted the Letters of Leo into his Collection of councils, which came out at Cologne in the year 1567, and he reprinted the earlier edition of all that man's Works at Cologne in the year 1569.

JOANNES SICHARDUS Clementis Romani Opera collegit, quibus et veterum pontificum pseudoepistolas adjecit. Haec post plures editiones in Germania emissas Parisiis etiam prodierunt anno 1568, cum plurium

JOANNES SICHARDUS collected the Works of Clement of Rome, to which he also added the pseudo-letters of the ancient pontiffs. These, after several editions issued in Germany, came out at Paris also in the year 1568, with the

Editors' notes and page, col. 34

Footnotes

(b) ‹anchor: post plures editiones› · call in col 34

De Sincera Sichardi editione Basileensi an. 1536, vide praefationem ad Epistolas S. Leonis num. 28.

On the genuine Basel edition of Sichardus, of the year 1536, see the preface to the Letters of St. Leo, no. 28.

(printed under page 22)

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running head: 33 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 34
marginal letters: A ‹evulgavit Parisiis an. 1524 Isidorianam Conciliorum›; B ‹istarum ordinis Crabbeo debetur, cujus editio denuo / excusa est an. 1551.› (between the two lines); C ‹rioribus Canisiana editionibus, nec in codicibus›; D ‹rem editionem omnium illius Operum anno 1569›
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pontificiarum epistolarum praesertimque Leonis nostri accessione, quas ad fidem veterum exemplarium Victorinorum restitutas fuisse testatur editionis hujus procurator anonymus. Haec ipsa est editio quam Sichardi nomine designavimus in notis et variis lectionibus.

addition of more pontifical letters, and especially those of our Leo, which the anonymous overseer of this edition testifies were restored on the faith of old copies of Saint-Victor. This is the very edition which we have denoted by the name of Sichardus in the notes and variant readings.

JOANNES ULIMMERIUS prior S. Martini Lovaniensis, caeterique ejusdem coenobii canonici regulares anno 1575 Leonis Opera cum mss. codicibus contulerunt, inter quos vetustum Epistolarum codicem Joannis Vuamesii J. U. doctoris laudat Ulimmerius. Haec editio Lovanii annis 1575 et 1577, et Antuerpiae 1583, prodiit.

JOANNES ULIMMERIUS, prior of St Martin's at Louvain, and the other canons regular of the same house, collated the Works of Leo with manuscript codices in the year 1575, among which Ulimmerius praises an old codex of the Letters belonging to Joannes Wamesius, doctor of both laws. This edition came out at Louvain in the years 1575 and 1577, and at Antwerp in 1583.

Insertae quoque habentur Litterae Leonis editioni Conciliorum Venetiis emissae an. 1585, apud Dominicum Nicolinum, qui operam DOMINICI BOLANI ex ordine Praedicatorum in illorum recensione positam maxime commendat.

The Letters of Leo are also found inserted in the edition of the Councils issued at Venice in the year 1585, at the house of Dominicus Nicolinus, who greatly commends the pains of DOMINICUS BOLANUS of the Order of Preachers spent on their recension.

Successit his omnibus celebris illa Epistolarum Decretalium summorum pontificum Collectio, quae Romae prodiit ex Aedibus Populi Romani an. 1591, a doctissimo cardinale ANTONIO CARAFA sacrorum Bibliorum et sanctorum Patrum editionibus notissimo adornata, ope vetustissimorum codicum Vaticanae bibliothecae et aliorum ex diversis et longinquis regionibus undique conquisitorum. Id quidem in epistola ad Innocentium IX nuncupatoria testatum reliquit ANTONIUS DE AQUINO, qui rapto praematura morte Carafae, quem incumbentem operi adjuverat, ejus in lucem emittendi provinciam suscepit.

To all these there succeeded that celebrated Collection of the Decretal Letters of the supreme pontiffs which came out at Rome from the House of the Roman People in the year 1591, prepared by the most learned cardinal ANTONIO CARAFA, very well known for his editions of the sacred Bible and of the holy Fathers, with the help of the most ancient codices of the Vatican library and of others sought out on every side from diverse and distant regions. This indeed ANTONIUS DE AQUINO left attested in the dedicatory letter to Innocent IX, he who, when Carafa, whom he had helped while he was bent on the work, was snatched away by an untimely death, took up the charge of bringing it to light.

SEVERINUS BINIUS, ineunte praesente saeculo, suam illam Conciliorum edit. Latinam an. 1606 in publicum emisit Coloniae, quam altera Graeco-Latina post duodecim fere annos subsecuta est, anno scilicet 1618. Quae postrema Morellianis typis Parisiis excusa est anno 1638. His porro insertam habemus Epistolarum S. Leonis collectionem.

SEVERINUS BINIUS, at the beginning of the present century, issued to the public at Cologne in the year 1606 that Latin edition of the Councils of his, which a second, Greek and Latin, followed after about twelve years, namely in the year 1618. The latter was printed at Paris with Morel's types in the year 1638. In these, moreover, we have a collection of the Letters of St Leo inserted.

Integra Leonis opera Parisiis ante annum 1614 et 1618 edita fuisse non novi: illa autem una cum Maximi Taurinensis et Petri Chrysologi homiliis edita sunt tribus auctiora sermonibus ex veteri ms. Nicolai Fabri codice, quem nunc celeberrima Thuanorum bibliotheca Parisiensis servat charactere quasi Saxonico exaratum. Haec postmodum prelis saepe saepius repetitis excusa tum Lugduni, tum etiam Lutetiae Parisiorum annis 1623, 1633, 1651, 1661, 1671 et 1672. Demum postrema Parisiensis Conciliorum omnium congeries locum Epistolis S. Leonis PP. dedit tom. IV.

I do not know that the complete works of Leo were published at Paris before the years 1614 and 1618: but those were published together with the homilies of Maximus of Turin and Peter Chrysologus, enlarged by three sermons from an old manuscript codex of Nicolas Le Fèvre, which the most celebrated library of the de Thou family at Paris now keeps, written in a hand as it were Saxon. These were afterwards printed, the presses being set to them again and again, both at Lyons and also at Paris in the years 1623, 1633, 1651, 1661, 1671 and 1672. Lastly the latest Paris gathering of all the Councils gave a place to the Letters of St Leo the pope in vol. IV.

De Leone nostro optime etiam meriti sunt doctissimus cardinalis Baronius, qui plures sancti pontificis epistolas suis Annalibus inseruit ex codice Arelatensis Ecclesiae, descriptas, et Gerardus Vossius Tungrensis praepositus, qui nonnullas ex mss. codicibus cardinalis Sirleti magni apud eruditos nominis publicavit suis notis illustratas. Immo spoponderat idem

Of our Leo there have also deserved very well the most learned cardinal Baronius, who inserted in his Annals several letters of the holy pontiff copied from a codex of the Church of Arles, and Gerardus Vossius, provost of Tongeren, who published some from the manuscript codices of cardinal Sirleto, a man of great name among the learned, illustrated with his own notes. Indeed the same

Editors' notes and page, col. 35

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running head: 35 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 36
marginal letters: A ‹pontificiarum epistolarum praesertimque Leonis no-›; B ‹nicum Nicolinum, qui operam DOMINICI BOLANI ex / ordine Praedicatorum› (between the two lines); C ‹illam Conciliorum edit. Latinam an. 1606 in publi-›; D ‹1672. Demum postrema Parisiensis Conciliorum om-›
old-edition numerals: (none)

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Vossius editurum se opera omnia S. Leonis in multis suo studio atque labore recognita, aucta, et illustrata. Ita profitebatur ad calcem Operum S. Ephrem a se editorum; sed morte praeventus, ut opinor fidem liberare non potuit.

Vossius had promised that he would publish all the works of St Leo, in many things revised, enlarged and illustrated by his own zeal and labour. So he declared at the end of the Works of St Ephrem published by him; but, forestalled by death, as I suppose, he could not redeem his pledge.

Sua laus pariter hoc nomine debetur doctissimo Jacobo Sirmondo e S. J. quod Leonis Epistolas Gallicanam Ecclesiam attinentes, ad mss. codices antiquos emendavit, unius additione auxit, et notis etiam suis exornavit, quas uberiores repraesentat appendix tomi IV Labbeanae Conciliorum editionis.

His own praise is likewise owed on this score to the most learned Jacques Sirmond of the Society of Jesus, because he corrected the Letters of Leo touching the Gallican Church against old manuscript codices, enlarged them by the addition of one, and also adorned them with his notes, which the appendix of vol. IV of Labbe's edition of the Councils presents in fuller form.

Denique praecipuae Leonis epistolae ad Flavianum emendandae et illustrandae operam suam contulerunt, ac partim Latinam, partim Graeco-Latinam ediderunt Josias Simlerus in Collectione Scriptorum de duabus in Christo naturis Tiguri an. 1571, et Joannes Leunclavius anno 1578, uterque extra Ecclesiae castra positus: necnon et duo catholici doctique viri Gerardus Vossius jam laudatus, et Petrus Franciscus Chiffletius S. J. ad calcem Operum Vigilii Tapsensis.

Finally, to correcting and illustrating Leo's principal letter, that to Flavian, there contributed their pains, and published it partly in Latin, partly in Greek and Latin, Josias Simler in the Collection of Writers on the two natures in Christ, at Zürich in the year 1571, and Joannes Leunclavius in the year 1578, both of them placed outside the camp of the Church: and also two Catholic and learned men, Gerardus Vossius already praised, and Pierre-François Chifflet of the Society of Jesus, at the end of the Works of Vigilius of Thapsus.

III. Post tot tantorumque virorum curam ac diligentiam in emendando Leone illustrandoque collocatam, aliquid operae reliquum nobis fuisse nemo facile credet, nisi quid a nobis fuerit praestitum vel jam oculis ipse lustraverit, vel hic quae pro reddenda consilii nostri ratione praefari tenemur, perlegerit.

III. After the care and diligence of so many and such great men bestowed on correcting and illustrating Leo, no one will easily believe that any work was left for us, unless he has either already surveyed with his own eyes what has been achieved by us, or has read through what we are bound to say here by way of preface in order to give an account of our design.

TOTUM Opus in duos tomos partiti sumus: quorum primus quidquid Leonis est complectitur; in alterum quae Leoni accedunt, vel appendicis nomine, vel illustrandi Scriptoris nostri gratia, non sine lectoris commodo conjecimus.

We have divided the WHOLE Work into two volumes: of which the first embraces whatever is Leo's; into the second we have thrown, not without advantage to the reader, the things which are added to Leo, whether under the name of an appendix or for the sake of illustrating our Writer.

Libelli duo plane aurei, DE VOCATIONE OMNIUM GENTIUM caeteris Leonis Operibus praeeunt: quoniam scripti ab eo videntur cum adhuc archidiaconi munere fungeretur in Ecclesia Romana. Jampridem editi fuerant, primum inter S. Ambrosii Opera, postmodum inter Prosperiana, ubique cum mendis longe plurimis ac gravissimis, quas ope praeclari codicis ms. Thuaneae Bibliothecae eluimus, collatis etiam antiquis editionibus, quae nonnumquam in dubiis subsidio fuerunt. Breviores Notas sparsimus, ubi lucem obscurior textus poscere visus est; ab uberioribus, quibus patebat celebris materies et diuturnis vexata disputationibus, consulto abstinuimus, ne contentioni studere magis videremur, quam illustrando Scriptori.

The two plainly golden books ON THE CALLING OF ALL NATIONS go before the rest of Leo's Works: since they seem to have been written by him when he was still discharging the office of archdeacon in the Roman Church. They had been published long ago, first among the Works of St Ambrose, afterwards among those of Prosper, everywhere with faults by far the most numerous and most grave, which we have washed out with the help of an excellent manuscript codex of the de Thou Library, the old editions also being collated, which were sometimes a help in doubtful places. We have scattered shorter Notes where an obscurer text seemed to ask for light; from fuller ones, for which a subject celebrated and harassed by long disputations lay open, we have deliberately abstained, lest we should seem to be eager for contention rather than for illustrating the Writer.

AUCTORITATES DE GRATIA ET LIBERO VOLUNTATIS ARBITRIO subsequuntur. In quibus recensendis minus a nobis laboratum: quia et jam olim ab omnibus Conciliorum et Epistolarum Pontificiarum editoribus emendatae, et mss. earumdem codicibus abundant bibliothecarum foruli.

The AUTHORITIES ON GRACE AND THE FREE CHOICE OF THE WILL follow next. In revising these less labour was spent by us: because they have both long since been corrected by all the editors of the Councils and of the Pontifical Letters, and the shelves of the libraries abound in manuscript codices of them.

EPISTOLA seu LIBELLUS AD DEMETRIADEM VIRGINEM succedit utrique illi opusculo. Mss. porro codicum,

The LETTER or LITTLE BOOK TO THE VIRGIN DEMETRIAS comes after both of those small works. Of manuscript codices, moreover,

Editors' notes and page, col. 36

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: plane aurei› · call in col 36

Hi libelli et duo sequentes, utpote Leoni perperam afficti, inter supposititia opera in tomum secundum rejicientur, ubi et Quesnelli argumenta ac dissertationes ad eos Leonis asserendos lucubratae confutabuntur.

These books and the two that follow, as having been wrongly fathered on Leo, will be relegated to the second volume among the spurious works, where Quesnel's arguments, and the dissertations he worked out to claim them for Leo, will also be refuted.

(printed under page 23)

Page

running head: 35 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 36
marginal letters: A ‹Vossius editurum se opera omnia S. Leonis in mul-›; B ‹duabus in Christo naturis Tiguri an. 1571, et Joan- / nes Leunclavius anno 1578› (between the two lines); C ‹illustrandi Scriptoris nostri gratia, non sine lecto-›; D ‹contentioni studere magis videremur, quam illu-›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: "ut opinor fidem" has no comma after opinor, as printed. "mendis ... quas" set as printed. "doctique" has a damaged c, read as intended. The column ends on the whole word "codicum,"; the sentence runs on in col. 37.

PL 54:37

qui illum contineant, tanta penuria est, ut ne unum quidem nancisci potuerimus, qui in locis obscuris depravatisque restituendis opem ferret. Sola exemplaria antiquitus edita adminiculo fuerunt, cum scholiis perbrevibus Petri Nannii Alcmariani in S. Ambrosii Opera Basileae excusa an. 1551. Ubi haec defuerunt, conjecturae indulgendum fuit: an infelici successu, unusquisque judicabit.

that contain it there is so great a dearth that we were not able to come upon even one that might bring help in restoring the obscure and corrupted places. Only the copies published of old were a support, together with the very short scholia of Petrus Nannius of Alkmaar on the Works of St Ambrose, printed at Basel in the year 1551. Where these failed, conjecture had to be indulged: whether with unhappy result, each one will judge.

Erunt fortasse non pauci, qui reum me poscant temeritatis ac non exspectati doctiorum judicii, quod tria opuscula proxime numerata Leonis operibus indubitanter accensuerim, ne uno quidem in Leonis gratiam clamante codice vel excuso vel ms. reclamante ab octingentis et amplius annis conciliorum scriptorumque plurium testimonio. Hoc unum in praesenti postulo, ut se paulisper ab omni praejudicio sustineant, qui ita sentiunt, usque dum dissertationes 2, 4 et 4 quibus consilii nostri rationes continentur, perlegerint. Interim temeritatis notam abs me deprecor doctissimorum virorum exemplo, qui scriptoribus celeberrimis nonnulla opuscula ex unius styli suffragio vindicare ac sub eorum nomine publicare non dubitarunt.

There will perhaps be not a few who would arraign me for rashness and for not having awaited the judgement of the more learned, because I have without hesitation reckoned the three small works just enumerated among the works of Leo, when not even one codex, whether printed or manuscript, cries out in Leo's favour, and the testimony of councils and of many writers for eight hundred years and more cries out against it. This one thing I ask for the present: that those who think so should hold themselves back a little while from all prejudgement, until they have read through dissertations 2, 4 and 4, in which the reasons for our design are contained. Meanwhile I beg off from myself the mark of rashness by the example of most learned men, who have not hesitated to claim certain small works for the most celebrated writers on the vote of style alone and to publish them under their name.

SERMONES Pontificis nostri excipiunt praemissos libellos: quae pars Operum Leonis, quia magis in omnium usu omniumque teri solita manibus, magis etiam varietati lectionum, interpolationibus, mendisque fuit obnoxia. Quod ad eosdem spectat, duo sunt genera codicum mss. qui occurrunt in bibliothecis: alii continent omnes sermones Leonis in unum corpus collectos, et secundum solemnitatum anni seriem ordinatos, eo fere modo, qui in editis conspicitur; alii vero sunt Lectionarii libri ad usum Ecclesiarum descripti, qui variorum Patrum Leonisque imprimis sermones et homilias habent in nocturnis officiis recitandas. Id priores commodi habent, quod sub uno conspectu omnes Auctoris nostri sermones complectantur; incommodi vero, quod recentiores plerumque sint, et quia longius a fonte recedunt, minus emendandis erratis idonei. Posteriores antiquitate proculdubio praestant coeteris; at non uno laborant incommodo. Primum est quod non omnes continent sermones, et hi quidem aliquos, illi alios pro diverso Ecclesiarum more, quarum usui descripti sunt: adeo ut immensa et innumera plerumque evolvenda tibi sint volumina, ut paucos aliquos sermones ad illos codices recenseas. 2° Cum iidem variis propriisque locorum solemnitatibus accommodati sint, saepe saepius peregrinis quibusdam additamentis et ab auctoris mente prorsus alienis auctiores habentur: quibus nonnunquam discernendis vix sufficias. Insigne hujusmodi exemplum habes in sermone 41 qui quartus est de quadragesima. 3° Quia iis sermonibus describendis addicti sunt

The SERMONS of our Pontiff take up after the books set first: a part of Leo's Works which, because it was more in the use of all and wont to be worn by the hands of all, was also more exposed to variety of readings, to interpolations and to faults. As regards these, there are two kinds of manuscript codices that are met with in libraries: some contain all the sermons of Leo gathered into one body and arranged according to the sequence of the solemnities of the year, in about that manner which is seen in the printed editions; others, however, are Lectionary books copied for the use of the Churches, which have sermons and homilies of various Fathers, and of Leo in the first place, to be recited in the night offices. The former have this advantage, that they embrace all our Author's sermons under one view; but this disadvantage, that they are for the most part more recent and, because they stand further off from the source, less suited for correcting errors. The latter without doubt surpass the rest in antiquity; but they labour under more than one disadvantage. The first is that they do not contain all the sermons, and these indeed contain some, those others, according to the differing custom of the Churches for whose use they were copied: so much so that vast and countless volumes must for the most part be turned over by you in order to revise some few sermons against those codices. Secondly, since the same have been fitted to the various and particular solemnities of places, they are again and again found enlarged with certain foreign additions wholly alien to the author's mind: which you would sometimes scarcely be equal to distinguishing. You have a notable example of this kind in sermon 41, which is the fourth on Lent. Thirdly, because there were assigned to the copying of these sermons

Editors' notes and page, col. 37

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: Sermones Pontificis nostri› · call in col 37

Confer nostram praefationem Sermonibus praemissam.

Compare our preface set before the Sermons.

(printed under page 24)

Page

running head: 37 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 38
marginal letters: A ‹qui illum contineant, tanta penuria est, ut ne unum›; B ‹praesenti postulo, ut se paulisper ab omni praejudicio / sustineant› (between the two lines); C ‹anni seriem ordinatos, eo fere modo, qui in editis›; D ‹quos sermones ad illos codices recenseas. 2° Cum›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: "dissertationes 2, 4 et 4" is read so on the page (misprint, UNSURE as to intention: three small works are in question, so 2, 3 et 4 would be expected); kept as printed, and the English follows the print. Foot note (b), printed under this column, is called in col. 38 and stands in that column's notes.

PL 54:38

saepissime rudiores monachi, nec satis linguae Latinae periti, hinc maculosi mendisque scatentes frequenter hujusmodi libri occurrunt. Iis igitur ex aequo et bono usi sumus, nec fidem cuiquam habuimus, nisi re pensiculatius examinata.

very often rather unlettered monks, not sufficiently skilled in the Latin tongue, hence books of this kind are frequently met with blotted and swarming with faults. We have therefore used them with fair discretion, and have given credit to none unless the matter had been weighed with some care.

Sermones omnes sub una numerorum serie ordinavimus, non omissa tamen usitata prius numerandi ratione. Nulli suo loco moti sunt, tribus solummodo exceptis, scilicet quarto in anniversario assumptionis suae, sexto de collectis et eleemosynis, et nono de jejunio decimi mensis: qui olim ex codice ms. v. cl. Nicolai Fabri ad calcem caeterorum adjecti erant; nunc vero suo loco jacent col. 19, 37 et 61. Numerum sermonum non auximus, immo vero minuimus, uno et altero in appendicem rejectis. Unicum sermonem 96 in cathedra S. Petri, ex Regio codice descriptum caeteris accensimus, nec accensuisse poenitet. Etsi enim hoc ipso praefationis loco primae editionis nostram ipsi censuram castigassemus, re tamen iterum examinata styloque perpenso, ad priorem mentem redimus, hunc sermonem Leoni adjudicare non ausi.

We have arranged all the Sermons under one series of numbers, yet without leaving out the manner of numbering formerly in use. None have been moved from their place, three only excepted, namely the fourth on the anniversary of his elevation, the sixth on the collections and almsgiving, and the ninth on the fast of the tenth month: which had formerly been added at the end of the rest from a manuscript codex of the distinguished Nicolas Le Fèvre; but now they lie in their own place, cols 19, 37 and 61. We have not increased the number of the sermons, nay rather we have lessened it, one and another being relegated to the appendix. A single sermon, 96, on the Chair of St Peter, copied from a Royal codex, we have reckoned among the rest, and we do not regret having reckoned it so. For although in this very place of the preface of the first edition we had ourselves chastised our own verdict, yet, the matter having been examined again and the style weighed, we return to our earlier mind, not venturing to adjudge this sermon to Leo.

Quid ex Pontificali Romano, quamque ob rationem Sermonibus attexuerimus, quid istorum appendicula contineat, admonitiones suis quaeque locis praefixae satis superque explicant.

What we have appended to the Sermons from the Roman Pontifical, and for what reason, and what the small appendix of these contains, the admonitions prefixed each in its own place explain enough and more than enough.

IV. EPISTOLAE, quae ultimam tomi primi partem occupant, primum merito locum inter Leonis Opera omnium sententia tenent, eo quod plurima habeant decreta, quae ad totius ecclesiasticae disciplinae seu generalis seu sacramentalis notitiam conferant, ac praesertim poenitentialis, in quam quasi fibulam, totius Ecclesiae disciplinam coarctari jam olim Pacianus monuit. Nec disciplinam solam perdocent epistolae, sed et quidquid rerum majoris momenti, ab anno 440, per viginti et amplius annos actum est in Ecclesia, id fere totum his epistolis vel continetur, vel illustratur.

IV. The LETTERS, which occupy the last part of the first volume, deservedly hold in the opinion of all the first place among Leo's Works, because they have very many decrees which contribute to the knowledge of the whole of ecclesiastical discipline, whether general or sacramental, and especially penitential, into which, as into a clasp, Pacian long ago advised that the discipline of the whole Church is drawn tight. Nor do the letters teach discipline alone, but also whatever matters of greater moment were transacted in the Church from the year 440 through twenty years and more, almost all of it is either contained in these letters or illustrated by them.

Sed porro circa eas a nobis praestita sunt. 1° Rejectae spuriae ac subdititiae. 2° A germanis abstersae mendorum et interpolationum maculae. 3° Mutatus ordo et ad genuinum quoad fieri potuit revocatus. 4° Auctus est plurium accessione earum numerus. 5° Suam cuique synopsim praefiximus, quod nec in Sermonibus est omissum. 6° Quotquot occurrerunt ad S. Leonem datae ab aliis Epistolae, relativis ejus litteris inseruimus, quibus intelligendis saepe sunt necessariae, nec legenti Leonem plerumque ad manum sunt.

But further, these things have been achieved by us concerning them. First, the spurious and supposititious have been rejected. Secondly, from the genuine ones the stains of faults and interpolations have been wiped away. Thirdly, the order has been changed and recalled, as far as could be done, to the genuine one. Fourthly, their number has been increased by the addition of several. Fifthly, we have prefixed to each its own synopsis, which has not been omitted in the Sermons either. Sixthly, as many Letters sent to St Leo by others as were met with we have inserted among his corresponding letters, for the understanding of which they are often necessary, and they are for the most part not at hand to one reading Leo.

Unam, quae est ad Germaniarum et Galliarum episcopos, de chorepiscopis, omnino rejecimus: quia de ejus suppositione dubitari non potest; rejectionisque causas dissertatione 11, quae tom. II habetur, exposuimus. Septimam, quae ad Septimium scripta

One, which is to the bishops of the Germanies and the Gauls, on the chorepiscopi, we have rejected altogether: because there can be no doubt of its being supposititious; and the causes of the rejection we have set out in dissertation 11, which is found in vol. II. The seventh, which is read as written to Septimius

Editors' notes and page, col. 38

Footnotes

(b) ‹anchor: in cathedra S. Petri› · call in col 38

Hic sermo suppletus et integer in appendice supposititiorum sermonum edetur serm. 14. Admonitio eidem praefixa legenda erit.

This sermon, filled out and entire, will be published in the appendix of spurious sermons as sermon 14. The notice prefixed to it should be read.

(printed under page 24)

Vide praefationem Epistolis praemissam.

See the preface set before the Letters.

(printed under page 24)

(d) ‹anchor: exposuimus. Septimam› · call in col 38

Hanc, quae in nostra editione est epist. 2, et sequentem ad episcopos Siculos, quae nobis quoque est epist. 17, Leoni prorsus adjudicandas in peculiaribus admonitionibus demonstrabimus.

That this letter, which in our edition is letter 2, and the following one to the Sicilian bishops, which for us too is letter 17, are altogether to be adjudged to Leo, we shall show in their own notices.

(printed under page 24)

Page

running head: 37 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 38
marginal letters: A ‹saepissime rudiores monachi, nec satis linguae Latinae›; B ‹monem 96 in cathedra S. Petri, ex Regio codice / descriptum› (between the two lines); C ‹praesertim poenitentialis, in quam quasi fibulam,›; D ‹litteris inseruimus, quibus intelligendis saepe sunt›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Both misprints are UNSURE as to intention: "accensimus" is read so on the page (the sense wants accensuimus); "Sed porro" is printed, where six numbered points follow (Sex would be expected); the English follows the print. A third, added in the Q1 re-read and likewise UNSURE: "Leoni adjudicare non ausi" is read so on the page (ad- / judicare across the line), where the sense wants abjudicare (the sermon is kept among Leo's and the keeping not regretted); kept as printed, and the English follows the print. "inseruimus" has a turned or worn n (looks like iuseruimus), set as intended. The last word is printed scri- at the foot of col. 38 and completed (pta) on the first line of col. 39; set whole here, and the English borrows "legitur" from col. 39 to stand.

PL 54:39

legitur, et decimam septimam, quae ad universos Siciliae episcopos, ex epistolarum Leonis nostri numero expungendas censuimus in notis, suum tamen eis locum servavimus, ne doctiorum judicio, quibus rationes nostras subjicimus, praejudicare videremur.

and the seventeenth, which is to all the bishops of Sicily, we have judged in the notes ought to be struck from the number of our Leo's letters, yet we have kept their own place for them, lest we should seem to prejudge the judgement of the more learned, to whom we submit our reasons.

De genuinarum emendationibus abunde a nobis ratio reddita in notis, ad quas lectorem remittimus.

Of the corrections of the genuine ones an account has been abundantly given by us in the notes, to which we refer the reader.

Immutatum epistolarum ordinem incusabit aliquis, tum quia molesta res videtur antiquo numero assuetis, novum menti velut inscribere, tum quod difficile futurum sit loca a Scriptoribus sub priori numero citata adire, epistolis scilicet novo notatis numero, et ignoto jam ordine collocatis. Verum omnem incommodi metum auferent indices praefationem secuturi, qui non posteriorum modo editionum ordinem repraesentabunt, sed et antiquiorum, quod in nullis aliis invenias. Jam vero quam necessario ineunda fuerit nova epistolarum ordinatio, facile intelliget quisquis recentiorem nostram cum antiqua contulerit, perpenderitque quantopere chronicus epistolarum historicarum ordo et memoriam adjuvet, et ad claram rerum notitiam conferat, et enodandis plerumque gravissimis difficultatibus prodesse consueverit. Innovandi ordinis necessitatem auxit, et earum accessio epistolarum quas primum publicamus, et veterum confusio: ut enim quaeque secundum annorum ordinem positae unam historiae seriem constituunt; ita si triginta de novo additae, et triginta ex antiquis, quae nullo temporum ordine servato prius editae sunt, promiscue collocarentur, informe omnino et inconditum epistolarum corpus conflarent. Tantum vero interest epistolas restituta genuina serie recenseri, ut Pelagius II PP. seu sub ejus nomine Gregorius Magnus, in epistola ad Eliam et caeteros Istriae episcopos, hoc in eis arguat, quod fuci faciendi causa aliqua ex S. Leonis epistolis ac encycliis testimonia sumpsissent permixto confusoque ordine. Et statim recensens ipse testimonia ab Istricis episcopis prolata ex epistola ad Leonem Augustum, quae antea 78 numerata, nunc vero 132 nostrae editionis est, hanc ultimam Leonis epistolam vocat; ultimam procul dubio codicis epistolarum, qui Romae pontificum manibus volvebatur, qualis nullus, puto, ad hanc usque diem emersit e tenebris. In Thuaneo exemplari ms. Codicis Romani, huic adjicitur: Collectio triginta et trium epistolarum Leonis nostri, quae antiquissima est et vix ab ipso Canonum et aliorum Constitutorum Codice divellenda: eamdem tamen esse, quam Pelagius II et Gregorius I

Someone will find fault with the changed order of the letters, both because it seems a troublesome thing for those used to the old number to inscribe, as it were, a new one on the mind, and because it will be hard to go to the places cited by Writers under the earlier number, the letters namely being marked with a new number and set in an order as yet unknown. But all fear of inconvenience will be removed by the indexes which are to follow the preface, which will present the order not only of the later editions but also of the older ones, a thing you would find in no others. Now indeed how necessarily a new ordering of the letters had to be entered upon, anyone will easily understand who has compared our more recent one with the old, and has weighed how greatly a chronological order of historical letters both helps the memory, and contributes to a clear knowledge of affairs, and has been wont for the most part to be of use in untying the gravest difficulties. The necessity of renewing the order was increased both by the addition of those letters which we publish for the first time and by the confusion of the old ones: for as, each being placed according to the order of the years, they make up one sequence of history; so, if thirty newly added, and thirty of the old ones, which were formerly published with no order of times kept, were set down promiscuously, they would forge an altogether shapeless and disordered body of letters. So much indeed does it matter that the letters be reviewed with their genuine sequence restored, that Pope Pelagius II, or under his name Gregory the Great, in the letter to Elias and the other bishops of Istria, charges this against them, that for the sake of throwing dust they had taken some testimonies from the letters and encyclicals of St Leo in a mingled and confused order. And at once, himself reviewing the testimonies brought forward by the Istrian bishops from the letter to Leo Augustus, which was formerly numbered 78 but is now 132 of our edition, he calls this the last letter of Leo; the last, without doubt, of the codex of the letters which was turned over at Rome by the hands of the pontiffs, such as none, I think, has to this day emerged from the darkness. In the de Thou manuscript copy of the Roman Codex there is added to this: a Collection of thirty-three letters of our Leo, which is most ancient and scarcely to be torn away from the Codex of Canons and other Constitutions itself: yet that it is the same as that which Pelagius II and Gregory I

Editors' notes and page, col. 39

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: nostrae editionis est› · call in col 39

Nobis est epist. 162.

For us it is letter 162.

(printed under page 25)

(b) ‹anchor: qualis nullus› · call in col 39

Ratisponensem praestantissimam collectionem invenire nobis feliciter contigit: in qua quidem ultima Leonis epistola est illa, quae a Pelagio II indicatur; eamque esse collectionem a Vigilio papa compactam et indicatam ab eodem Pelagio ostendemus in praefatione ad Epistolas numer. 42. Hinc Quesnelli inquisitio, num haec collectio exhibeatur in Thuaneo codice, omnino superflua, et aliunde etiam inanis est. Cum enim in hoc codice continetur collecto 5 quam non Romanam sed Gallicanam tomo tertio probabimus; tum vero Leonis epistolae 32 in eadem collect. 5 primitus descriptae desinunt, non in epistola ad Leonem Augustum, sed in epistola ad Dorum; adeo ut ea solum, quae huic epistolae in Thuaneo codice subjiciuntur, additamenta sint, quae in puris ejusdem collectionis manuscriptis desunt, nec indicantur in ipsa Thuanei codicis tabula, ubi primaevae originis monumenta recensentur.

It was our good fortune to find the most excellent Regensburg collection, in which the last letter of Leo is indeed the one indicated by Pelagius II; and that this is the collection put together by Pope Vigilius and indicated by the same Pelagius we shall show in the preface to the Letters, no. 42. Hence Quesnel's inquiry, whether this collection is presented in the de Thou codex, is altogether superfluous, and on other grounds also empty. For not only does this codex contain collection 5, which we shall prove in the third volume to be not Roman but Gallican; but moreover the 32 letters of Leo originally copied in that same collection 5 end, not with the letter to Leo Augustus, but with the letter to Dorus; so that only those which are appended to this letter in the de Thou codex are additions, which are wanting in the pure manuscripts of the same collection, and are not indicated in the very table of the de Thou codex, where the documents of the original stock are listed.

(printed under page 25)

Page

running head: 39 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 40
marginal letters: A ‹pta legitur, et decimam septimam, quae ad univer-›; B ‹cuturi, qui non posteriorum modo editionum ordi- / nem repraesentabunt› (between the two lines); C ‹omnino et inconditum epistolarum corpus confla-›; D ‹jicitur : Collectio triginta et trium epistolarum Leo-›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: The first printed letters of the column, "pta", complete "scri-" of col. 38 and are set there; "legitur" is set here, but its English already stands at the end of col. 38's English (the Latin verb closes a clause that the English had to complete there), so the English here begins at "et decimam septimam". The number "132" is read from somewhat worn figures (UNSURE of the middle figure). "huic adjicitur : Collectio" is set as printed. The column ends on the whole words "Gregorius I"; the sentence runs on in col. 40.

PL 54:40

prae manibus habebant, non ausim affirmare: quia licet epistola ultima ab illo appellata, ultima sit earum, quae ad Leonem Augustum datae sunt, in laudato Codice, non omnium tamen ultima est: duae enim ad Anatolium, tertia ad episcopos qui Chalcedonensi concilio interfuerant, quarta ad Dorum Beneventanum, et post aliqua interjecta, quinta ad Theodoritum habentur in eo exemplari ms. An ei postmodum superadditae fuerint, asseri vel negari a quoquam nisi divinando posse non existimo.

had in their hands I would not venture to affirm: because although the letter called the last by him is the last of those which were sent to Leo Augustus in the aforesaid Codex, yet it is not the last of all: for two to Anatolius, a third to the bishops who had been present at the council of Chalcedon, a fourth to Dorus of Benevento, and, after some things placed between, a fifth to Theodoret are found in that manuscript copy. Whether they were afterwards added on to it, I do not think can be asserted or denied by anyone except by guessing.

Jam de aucto epistolarum numero paulo fusius disserendum. Duas ex Collectione Romana Lucae Holstenii viri doctissimi accepimus: tertiam enim ante ipsum non editam ex Grimanico Codice emendatiorem habemus. Unam ex Codice Bonaevallensi descriptam subministravit Tomus I antiquorum Conciliorum Galliae J. Sirmondi. Unicam etiam transcripsimus ex Bibliotheca Floriacensi; sed cujus fides plurimum vacillat.

Now something must be said a little more fully about the increased number of the letters. Two we have received from the Roman Collection of the most learned Lucas Holstenius: for a third, not published before him, we have in more correct form from the Grimani Codex. One, copied from a Codex of Bonneval, was supplied by vol. I of J. Sirmond's Ancient Councils of Gaul. A single one also we have transcribed from the Library of Fleury; but one whose credit wavers very much.

V. Sed viginti et octo insignes epistolas debet Ecclesia Codici Cardinalis Dominici Grimani, quem bibliotheca domus Institutionis Oratorii D. Jesu in Parisiensi S. Michaelis suburbio nunc possidet dono acceptum a R. P. Andrea de Berziau Oratorii presbytero de eadem domo bene merito. Huic Codex, paternae haereditatis pars non ignobilis, obvenit a nobilissimo viro, parente suo, Theodoro de Berziau Classium Inquisitoriarum in curia Parisiensi praeside, non avita solum nobilitate, seu propria etiam laude propter eximias animi dotes, litterarumque studium singulare clarissimo. Is porro Codicem Leoninum cum aliis optimae notae habuit a Vitrico suo illustrissimo Andrea Huralto Messaeo Regibus Christianissimis Carolo IX, Henrico III et Henrico IV, a sanctioribus consiliis, viro in tractandis publicis rebus prudentiae dexteritatisque non vulgaris, quem celeberrimus Huraltus Chevernius Franciae cancellarius regii sigilli custodem etiam se vivente deligi peroptarat, quem denique gemina ad rempublicam Venetam legatio difficillimis temporibus feliciter obita clarum reddidit. Is cum ea occasione Venetiis ageret, ut erat litterarum studiosissimus, plurima selectorum librorum volumina, partim excusa, partim manuscripta diligenter conquisivit, pecunia redemit, inque Gallias exportata suae intulit bibliothecae. Ex hujus penu jam a septuaginta et quinque annis aliqua Synesii Opuscula Graeca prodiere studio Frederici Morelli Regii tunc in Academia professoris, ope ms. codicis Graeci, qui Epistolas et Tractatus aliquot continet, quo etiam usus est, mutuante eodem

V. But twenty-eight notable letters the Church owes to the Codex of Cardinal Domenico Grimani, which the library of the house of the Institution of the Oratory of the Lord Jesus in the Paris suburb of Saint-Michel now possesses, received as a gift from the Reverend Father André de Berziau, priest of the Oratory, who has deserved well of that same house. To him the Codex, no ignoble part of his paternal inheritance, came from that most noble man his father, Théodore de Berziau, president of the Chambers of Inquests in the court of Paris, a man most illustrious not only by ancestral nobility but also by praise of his own on account of his outstanding gifts of mind and singular devotion to letters. He in turn had the Leonine Codex, with others of the best mark, from his stepfather the most illustrious André Hurault de Maisse, privy counsellor to the Most Christian Kings Charles IX, Henry III and Henry IV, a man of no common prudence and dexterity in handling public affairs, whom the most celebrated Hurault de Cheverny, chancellor of France, had greatly wished to be chosen keeper of the royal seal even while he himself was alive, and whom, lastly, a twofold embassy to the Venetian republic, happily discharged in most difficult times, rendered famous. He, when on that occasion he was staying at Venice, being as he was most devoted to letters, diligently sought out very many volumes of choice books, partly printed, partly manuscript, bought them with money and, having carried them off into Gaul, brought them into his library. From this man's store some small Greek works of Synesius came out seventy-five years ago now by the zeal of Fédéric Morel, then Royal professor in the University, with the help of a Greek manuscript codex which contains some Letters and Treatises, which was also used, on loan from the same

Editors' notes and page, col. 40

Page

running head: 39 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 40
marginal letters: A ‹prae manibus habebant, non ausim affirmare : quia›; B ‹descriptam subministravit Tomus I antiquorum / Conciliorum Galliae› (between the two lines); C ‹ninum cum aliis optimae notae habuit a Vitrico suo›; D ‹annis aliqua Synesii Opuscula Graeca prodiere studio›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: "seu propria etiam laude" is read so on the page (misprint for sed, answering "non avita solum"); kept as printed, and the English renders the sense (but also). The last word is printed eo- at the foot of col. 40 and completed (dem) on the first line of col. 41, seen in that column's top image; set whole here (Q1 re-read), with "the same" in the English. Col. 41's part therefore has to begin at "Morello" and its English at "Morel, by the most learned Petavius" (noted for that column; its file was not written in the Q1 re-read). Foot notes (a) and (b) printed under page 25 are called in col. 39 and stand in that column's notes.

PL 54:41

Morello, doctissimus Petavius in sua omnium Synesii Operum editione anni 1612, annis 1631 et 1640 repetita. Servatur modo codex iste in Oratoriana eadem Sammichaelini suburbii bibliotheca.

Morel, by the most learned Petavius in his edition of all the Works of Synesius of the year 1612, repeated in the years 1631 and 1640. That codex is now kept in the same Oratorian library of the suburb of Saint-Michel.

Venetiis igitur asportatus in Gallias nostras codex Epistolarum S. Leonis, qui olim fuerat celebris illius Dominici Grimani cardinalis: ita enim codicem notatum num. 1124 propria, ut videtur, manu inscripserat: Liber DOMINICI GRIMANI CARDINALIS S. MARCI. Is fuit Antonii Venetiarum ducis filius, Sabellici, Niphi, Erasmi, Pici Mirandulae, aliorumque scriptis celebratissimus, episcopus Portuensis et patriarcha Aquileiensis, vir inculpatissimae vitae, rarae in patrem pietatis, omnium scientiarum peritissimus; qui instructissimam 8000 voluminum bibliothecam, omnijugis, ut de ea loquitur Erasmus, omnium linguarum libris refertam reliquit, quam nescio an eamdem illam esse recte crediderim bibliothecam, quam in coenobio D. Antonii Venetiarum idem Dominicus Grimanus cardinalis exstruxit, instruxitque marmoreis signis ac libris exquisitissimis publicae commoditati, sumptu maximo: quod ita testatur Joannes Dominicus Trajanus in praefatione Operum Guillelmi Alverni episcopi Pariensis, quorum editionem Venetiis procuravit an. 1591, ope imprimis Grimanici hujus bibliothecae codicis. Ex his libris manuscriptus unus fuit, quem laudamus, quemque ut eximiae notae codicem cardinali obtulerat quidam Antonius Bellonus Utinensis Tabellio, quod ejusdem epistola seu Donationis libellus codici praefixus testatur. Hunc describimus, posteris scilicet significaturum ex quo primum fonte, quem quidem noverimus, prodierint tot egregiae Leoni Magni epistolae.

From Venice, then, was carried off into our Gaul the codex of the Letters of St Leo, which had once belonged to that celebrated Cardinal Domenico Grimani: for so he had inscribed the codex, marked with the number 1124, in his own hand, as it seems: The Book OF DOMENICO GRIMANI, CARDINAL OF ST MARK. He was the son of Antonio, Doge of Venice, most highly celebrated in the writings of Sabellicus, Niphus, Erasmus, Pico della Mirandola and others, bishop of Porto and patriarch of Aquileia, a man of most blameless life, of rare devotion towards his father, most skilled in all the sciences; who left a most richly furnished library of 8000 volumes, crammed, as Erasmus says of it, with books of every kind in all languages, which I am inclined, perhaps rightly, to believe to be that same library which the same Cardinal Domenico Grimani built in the monastery of St Anthony at Venice, and furnished with marble statues and the choicest books for the public convenience, at very great expense: as Giovanni Domenico Traiano thus attests in the preface to the Works of William of Auvergne, bishop of Paris, the edition of which he saw through the press at Venice in the year 1591, with the help above all of a codex of this Grimani library. Of these books one was the manuscript which we are citing, and which a certain Antonio Belloni, notary of Udine, had presented to the cardinal as a codex of outstanding quality, as his letter, or deed of gift, prefixed to the codex attests. This we transcribe, that it may show posterity from what source, the first at least that we know of, so many excellent letters of Leo the Great came forth.

Reverendissimo D.D. Dominico Grimano cardinali Sancti Marci Antonius Bellonus Utinensis Tabellio S. P. D.

To the Most Reverend Lord, the Lord Domenico Grimani, Cardinal of St Mark, Antonio Belloni, notary of Udine, sends warmest greeting.

Audio te Venetiis erigere bibliothecam, pulcherrimum Grimanae virtutis atque munificentiae monimentum, et maxime laetor: ipsae enim artes liberales, unde clarus honos, colentur in omne tempus. Debebunt et tibi plurimum studiosi, qui posteros omnes multorum partipatione voluminum quaesiveris fieri sapientes. Nec mirum: quippe ille es, in quo sapientia cum liberalitate, liberalitas cum sapientia de principatu contendunt. Ut autem ipse quantulocumque possum munusculo tuam augeam istam bibliothecam (librorum namque vetustate, copia, delectu condecoratur) divi

I hear that you are raising a library at Venice, a most beautiful monument of the virtue and munificence of the Grimani, and I rejoice exceedingly: for the liberal arts themselves, whence comes bright honour, will be cultivated for all time. The studious will owe very much to you also, since you have sought that all who come after should become wise by sharing in many volumes. Nor is it any wonder: for you are the man in whom wisdom contends with liberality, and liberality with wisdom, for the first place. But that I myself, with such small gift as I can, may add to that library of yours (for it is adorned by the antiquity, the abundance and the choice of its books), of the divine

Editors' notes and page, col. 41

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: Bellonus Utinensis Tabellio› · call in col 41

De hoc praestanti viro vide Muratorium Rerum Italic. tom. XVI, pag. 3 et 67. Alias vero ejusdem Bellonis litteras scriptas anno 1515, iis anteriores, quas Quesnellus huic praefationi inseruit, hic appendimus. Ex his enim inter caetera discimus, eximium hunc Leoninum codicem antequam in ipsius Belloni et cardinalis Grimani potestatem veniret, fuisse Petri Passerini, celebris Forojuliensis patriae antiquarii, de quo idem Bellonus in epistola eodem anno data ad Jacobum Purlilianum comitem scripsit: Nihil est in universa patria librorum vetustorum, nihil antiquae sculpturae, quod non accurate viderit, adamussim collegerit, etc. Antonius Bellonus Petro Passerino Sal. Librum sanctissimi Leonis papae, dono quamvis abs te mihi quondam datum, non ut meum, sed ut tuum adhuc reverenter custodivi. Ita enim accipere servareque nolui, ut de Leone tibi liceret non minus quam de me ipso disponere. Cupio nunc ad tui imitationem Angelum Gabrielem illius munere, si concedas, afficere. Poterit enim, cum sit patricius in republica Veneta et litteraria praestantissimus, et Leonem suae dignitati restituere, et nobis prodesse plurimum. Tu vero de libro non amplius poteris, de me tamen ut semper disponere. Vale.. Hanc Belloni epistolam, sicut et recitatum alterius epistolae fragmentum, nobis pro humanitate sua communicavit comes Franciscus Florius cathedralis Utinensis primicerius, qui de optimis studiis, ac de vetustis documentis rebus pluribus bene meritus est.

On this eminent man see Muratori, Rerum Italicarum vol. XVI, pp. 3 and 67. We append here, however, another letter of the same Belloni, written in the year 1515, earlier than the one which Quesnel inserted in this preface. For from it we learn, among other things, that this outstanding Leonine codex, before it came into the hands of Belloni himself and of Cardinal Grimani, had belonged to Pietro Passerini, a celebrated antiquary of the Friulian homeland, of whom the same Belloni wrote in a letter sent the same year to Count Jacopo di Porcia: There is nothing of ancient books in the whole country, nothing of ancient sculpture, that he has not carefully seen and exactly collected, etc. Antonio Belloni to Pietro Passerini, greeting. The book of the most holy Pope Leo, though once given me by you as a gift, I have reverently kept until now not as mine but as yours. For I was unwilling so to receive and keep it but that you should be free to dispose of Leo no less than of myself. I now desire, in imitation of you, to present Angelo Gabriele with that gift, if you allow it. For he, being a patrician most eminent in the Venetian republic and in that of letters, will be able both to restore Leo to his proper dignity and to be of the greatest service to us. You will no longer be able to dispose of the book, but of me, as always, you may. Farewell. This letter of Belloni, as also the fragment quoted from the other letter, was communicated to us of his courtesy by Count Francesco Florio, primicerius of the cathedral of Udine, who has in many matters deserved well of the best studies and of ancient documents.

(printed under page 26)

Page

running head: 41 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN
marginal letters: A ‹dem Morello, doctissimus›; B ‹jugis, ut de ea loquitur›; C ‹primum fonte, quem quidem›; D ‹namque vetustate, copia›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column begins mid-word (dem, the end of a word begun in col. 40) and ends mid-sentence at "divi". Foot note (a), called after "Tabellio", is the Ballerini's and is left out of the text; it includes a second letter of Belloni (to Pietro Passerini) which runs on under col. 42. Printer's signature at the foot: PATROL. LIV. Worn type set as intended: scilicet, Marci, sapientia (twice), ipse, fonte. "Sammichaelini" and "omnijugis" are as printed. Misprints kept as printed (listed in the Q2a re-read): "Pariensis" (for Parisiensis), "partipatione" (for participatione), "Leoni Magni epistolae" (for Leonis Magni); the English renders the sense in each. In foot note (a), both UNSURE and kept as printed: "pag. 3" has a stray mark or gap before the numeral (a figure may have dropped out), and "servareque nolui" is read so on the page (the sense would bear volui; the English follows the print). The italics of the print (in the letter of the text and in foot note (a)) are not marked, by the unit rule.

PL 54:42

Leonis codicem hunc antiquitate venerabilem ad te do. Videbis, et si dignus visus fuerit, delectis inseres. Caeterum spero, si virtuti fortuna se subscribere dignata fuerit, te quemadmodum scientia et sanctitate, ita gradu et sede, quod nil sane bonis omnibus desideratius, relaturum quondam Leonem ipsum, decimo, qui sedet, si forsan majorem non licet dicere, in nihilo certe inferiorem. Vale.

Leo this codex, venerable for its antiquity, I give to you. You will look at it, and if it seems worthy, you will place it among your chosen ones. For the rest I hope, if fortune deigns to set her signature to virtue, that as in knowledge and holiness, so in rank and see (than which surely nothing is more desired by all good men), you will one day bring back Leo himself, in nothing certainly inferior, if perhaps one may not say greater, to the tenth, who now sits. Farewell.

E regione istius epistolae habetur etiam nuncupatorium codicis ejusdem epigramma Germani Belloni, Antonii, ut promptum est credore, consanguinei. Et hoc lectori repraesento.

Opposite this letter there is also a dedicatory epigram for the same codex by Germano Belloni, a kinsman, as one may readily believe, of Antonio. This too I set before the reader.

En, Grimane, Leo, veteri qui scriptus in Albo / Ad te coelesti convolat e specula. / Cujus diva tibi fauste dat dextra Libellum, / Felicemque novo nuntiat ore senem; / Perpetuumque tibi tandem promittit honorem, / Qui celer a laevo Juppiter axe tonat. / Ergo cape, atque inter sacrata volumina Pallas / Condet, et in propriis haec dabit esse locis. / At quae hunc dextra dedit, propria te sede reponet, / Et te felicem Juppiter usque dabit.

Behold, Grimani, Leo, who is written in the ancient Roll, / flies down to you from the heavenly watch-tower. / His divine right hand auspiciously gives you the Little Book, / and with new voice proclaims you a happy old man; / and perpetual honour at last is promised you / by Jupiter, who thunders swift from the left quarter of the sky. / Take it, then, and Pallas among the consecrated volumes / will lay it up, and will grant these things to be in their proper places. / But the right hand which gave this will set you in its own seat, / and Jupiter will make you happy for ever.

Leoninus iste Grimani codex annorum fere est nongentorum, continetque centum et septem Leonis epistolas, quarum viginti et octo antehac numquam editae; quas authenticas germanasque esse et stylus, et materies, et codicis antiquitas, et quidquid optimae notae sinceritati fetus suffragari potest, manifestissime demonstrant. Earum praeterea nonnullas indubitatae fidei asserunt testes locupletissimi ex variis orbis Christiani regionibus, ex Africa, inquam, Italia, Gallia, et Anglia advocati, sedis apostolicae pontifices Vigilius papa et Pelagius II, Facundus Hermianensis episcopus, Prudentius Tricassinus episcopus, et Beda presbyter, qui fragmenta earum aliqua protulerunt suis locis notanda. Leo ipse plures earumdem indicat in aliis ejusdem materiae epistolis, ut in notis nostris observatum lector inveniet.

This Leonine codex of Grimani is about nine hundred years old, and contains one hundred and seven letters of Leo, of which twenty-eight were never published before; and that these are authentic and genuine, the style, the matter, the antiquity of the codex, and whatever can speak for the genuineness of an offspring of the best stamp, show most plainly. Some of them, moreover, are vouched to be of undoubted credit by the weightiest witnesses, summoned from various regions of the Christian world, from Africa, I mean, Italy, Gaul and England: the pontiffs of the apostolic see Pope Vigilius and Pelagius II, Facundus bishop of Hermiane, Prudentius bishop of Troyes, and the presbyter Bede, who have produced some fragments of them, to be noted in their places. Leo himself points to several of the same in other letters on the same matter, as the reader will find observed in our notes.

Nec hoc solum debemus Grimanico codici, quod plurimis magnique momenti epistolis auctiora Leoni scripta reddiderit, sed etiam quod longe emendatiora quam ante essent. Nullus enim codex occurrit ex quo plures insignioresque castigationes hauserimus.

Nor do we owe the Grimani codex this alone, that it has restored to Leo his writings enlarged by very many letters of great moment, but also that it has restored them far more correct than they were before. For no codex has come our way from which we have drawn more numerous and more notable corrections.

Post epistolas habes aliaraem aliquot fragmenta, ut et Commonitorii legatis ad Chalcedonense concilium proficiscentibus dati; quibus et unica adjicitur quae restat Juliani episcopi Coensis ad Leonem Augustum epistola; cujus Juliani tot ad Leonem nostrum datae ex legationis officio litterae nisi temporum injuria excidissent, et Leonis nostri epistolae et rerum

After the letters you have fragments of some others, as also of the Memorandum given to the legates setting out for the council of Chalcedon; to which is added also the one surviving letter of Julian, bishop of Cos, to the emperor Leo; and if the many letters of this Julian, sent to our Leo in the discharge of his legation, had not perished through the injury of the times, both the letters of our Leo and of the affairs

Editors' notes and page, col. 42

Page

running head: P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 42
marginal letters: A ‹Leonis codicem hunc›; B ‹Qui celer a laevo›; C ‹copus, et Beda presbyter›; D ‹juria excidissent›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column begins mid-sentence (continuing "divi" of col. 41) and ends mid-sentence at "et rerum". The epigram's ten verse lines are set on one line, divided by " / ". "Leoni scripta" is as printed (Leonis perhaps intended; UNSURE, kept and translated as a dative). Worn type set as intended: Perpetuumque, Qui, orbis, fragmenta, plures, tot. Below the text the foot of the page carries the continuation of foot note (a) of col. 41 (the end of Belloni's letter to Passerini, and the Ballerini's remark on Count Francesco Florio); left out. Printer's signature: 2.

PL 54:43

tunc in Ecclesia gestarum memoria maximam inde lucem mutuarentur.

then transacted in the Church the record would borrow from them the greatest light.

Tomum primum fere claudit Vita S. Hilarii Arelatensis episcopi scriptore S. Honorato episcopo Massiliensi illius discipulo. Haec ut Leonis Operibus subjiceretur, postulavit initum a nobis Apologiae Hilarianae conscribendae consilium; cujus occasione cum plurima ex ejus Vita decerpserimus in dissertatione quinta lectori fontem ipsum adire cupienti commodum erit eum sub oculis invenire. Nec fas fuit ejus consanguinei, magistri, et in episcopatu Arelatensi praedecessoris Honorati Vitam ab ipso Hilario conscriptam ab hujus Vita sejungere, tum propter arctum utriusque nexum, tum ut quod reliquum habemus Opusculorum Hilarii si quis cum ejus Vita et Apologia conferre voluerit, ea ad manum habeat, et quidem castigatiora antiquis exemplaribus, quae etiam rara sunt. Habes eodem loco Metrum de Genesi ad S. Leonem papam, quod sub Hilarii nomine circumfertur, et perbrevem ejusdem epistolam ad Eucherium Lugdunensem episcopum scriptam.

The first volume is all but closed by the Life of St Hilary, bishop of Arles, written by St Honoratus, bishop of Marseilles, his disciple. That this should be subjoined to the Works of Leo was required by the plan we had formed of writing a Defence of Hilary; and since on that occasion we have excerpted very many things from his Life in the fifth dissertation, it will be convenient for the reader who wishes to go to the source itself to find it before his eyes. Nor was it right to separate from this man's Life the Life of Honoratus, his kinsman, his master, and his predecessor in the episcopate of Arles, written by Hilary himself, both because of the close bond between the two, and so that, if anyone should wish to compare what we have left of Hilary's lesser works with his Life and Defence, he may have them at hand, and indeed more correct than the old copies, which are moreover rare. You have in the same place the Poem on Genesis to St Leo the pope, which circulates under Hilary's name, and a very short letter of the same written to Eucherius, bishop of Lyons.

VI. TOMUS ALTER hujus operis complectitur Appendicem seu Codicem canonum et constitutorum sedis apostolicae ex codicibus mss, Thuan⟨e⟩o et Oxoniensi nunc primum editum, deinde Dissertationes tum in ipsum hunc Codicem, tum in Leonem nostrum; denique notas, varias lectiones et observationes nonnullas

VI. THE SECOND VOLUME of this work comprises the Appendix, or Code of the canons and constitutions of the apostolic see, now first published from the manuscript codices of de Thou and of Oxford; then Dissertations both on this Code itself and on our Leo; lastly notes, various readings and some observations

Codicem illum amplissimum vetustissimumque inscripsi omnium qui hucusque editi sunt in lucem, nec contra aliquem dicturum confido. Certe si de codicibus canonum et constitorum Romanae Ecclesiae loqui velimus, amplius aliquid audeo: nec enim vetustissimum modo et amplissimum, sed unicum dicere debueram. De Justelli prisco codice quid sentiendum, dissertatio nostra duodecima explicat. Dionysii vero Exigui uterque codex, unus canonum synodicorum, alter Epistolarum pontificiarum, numquam conditus est ad usum Ecclesiae Romanae vel episcoporum Romanorum seu mandato seu consilio; sed ille quidem instantia Stephani episcopi Salonitani hic vero Juliani presbyteri Sanctae Anastasiae piis, ut ipse ait, studiis et sollicitudine; quos postmodum usu celeberrimo Ecclesia Romana complexa est: ita enim ex Cassiodoro (Div. Lect. cap. 3) asserunt vulgo scriptores rei canonicae; licet de solo canonum ecclesiasticorum codice precibus Stephani adornato, non de altero, id Cassiodorus asseveret. Verum sit ita de utroque; haec tamen una laus Codicis Dionysiani, quod privati hominis industria conditus, ab Ecclesia Romana meruerit adoptari, suisque deputari usibus sexto saeculo jam mediam partem elapso. At codex noster is ipse est quem sibi confecit Ecclesia Romana statim atque scripto jure et ipsa administrari coepit et Ecclesias ad suam ordinationem pertinentes regere. Enimvero ante Nicaenos Sardicensesque conditos

That Code I have entitled the fullest and most ancient of all that have hitherto been brought to light, and I am confident that no one will speak against it. Certainly, if we wish to speak of the codes of canons and constitutions of the Roman Church, I venture something more: for I ought to have called it not merely the most ancient and the fullest, but the only one. What is to be thought of Justel's ancient code, our twelfth dissertation explains. As for the two codes of Dionysius Exiguus, the one of synodal canons, the other of pontifical Letters, neither was ever composed for the use of the Roman Church, or by either the command or the counsel of the Roman bishops; but the former at the instance of Stephen, bishop of Salona, the latter by the pious zeal and solicitude, as he himself says, of Julian, presbyter of St Anastasia; which the Roman Church afterwards embraced in most frequent use: for so, on the authority of Cassiodorus (Divine Readings, ch. 3), the writers on canonical matters commonly assert; although Cassiodorus affirms this only of the code of ecclesiastical canons prepared at Stephen's entreaty, not of the other. But let it be so of both; this nevertheless is the one praise of the Dionysian Code, that, composed by the industry of a private man, it deserved to be adopted by the Roman Church and assigned to its uses when the sixth century was already half spent. But our code is the very one which the Roman Church made for itself as soon as it began both to be administered itself by written law and to rule the Churches belonging to its ordination. For indeed before the framing of the Nicene and Sardican

Editors' notes and page, col. 43

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: Codicem illum› · call in col 43

Hunc codicem vetustum quidem et eximium esse nemo inficiari potest. At nec amplissimum esse omnium collectionum, nec Romanam collectionem exhibere, patebit ex iis quae tomo tertio de eodem codice ac de aliis incognitis collectionibus canonum et constitutionum apostolicae sedis fuse disputabuntur; ubi etiam ea confutabimus quae Paschasius Quesnellus eodem suo praejudicio subinde colligit.

That this codex is indeed ancient and outstanding no one can deny. But that it is neither the fullest of all collections, nor presents the Roman collection, will be plain from what will be discussed at length in the third volume concerning this same codex and other unknown collections of the canons and constitutions of the apostolic see; where we shall also refute what Pasquier Quesnel goes on to infer from that same prejudice of his.

(printed under page 27)

Page

running head: 43 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN
marginal letters: A ‹tunc in Ecclesia gestarum›; B ‹culorum Hilarii si quis›; C ‹dicibus canonum et›; D ‹siasticorum codice precibus›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column begins mid-sentence and ends mid-sentence. Last word hyphenated across the break (condi- | tos); completed from the first line of col. 44 visible at the edge of the top image. The paragraph "VI. TOMUS ALTER ..." ends without a full stop, as printed. "Thuan⟨e⟩o": one letter lost to damaged type. No comma after "Salonitani", as printed. Worn type set as intended: codicibus (printed eodicibus), Div. Foot note (a), called after "Codicem illum", is the Ballerini's (it runs on under col. 44); left out.

PL 54:44

canones sola consuetudine ecclesiastica, solis regulis partim a principibus apostolorum, partim a proximis eorum successoribus usu ipso vivaeque traditionis manu acceptis jus ecclesiasticum dictum videtur in Ecclesia Romana; post Sardicensem vero synodum, de condendo canonum codice cogitari coepit, qui ex Nicaenis Sardicensibusque canonibus sub una numerorum serie colligatis conflatus, solus per aliquod tempus rerum ecclesiasticarum regendarum legem sanxit, ac variis per succedentes aetates accessionibus auctus eam formam induit, quam nunc habes prae oculis, quaeque ducentorum beatioris illius aevi annorum disciplinam genuine repraesentat.

canons, ecclesiastical law seems to have been declared in the Roman Church by ecclesiastical custom alone, by rules alone, received partly from the princes of the apostles, partly from their nearest successors, by usage itself and by the hand of living tradition; but after the synod of Sardica thought began to be given to the framing of a code of canons, which, made up of the Nicene and Sardican canons bound together under a single series of numbers, alone for some time laid down the law for the governing of ecclesiastical affairs, and, enlarged by various accessions through the succeeding ages, took on that form which you now have before your eyes, and which genuinely represents the discipline of two hundred years of that happier age.

Vel ex hoc uno intelligit quisque cujus palato sapiunt antiquitas ecclesiastica et canonica disciplina vetus, quo in pretio habendum egregium istud utriusque καμηλιον, quo melius aliquid et ecclesiasticae rei convenientius haud scio an praesente saeculo fuerit a tenebris vindicatum. Plura tamen adhuc sunt quae codicem commendent. Quid enim quod exhibet antiquam illam canonum Orientalium versionem, quae in usu fuit per plures Ecclesias Occidentales ante Dionysianam? Hanc quidem ex parte habemus in Isidoriana Collectione; sed nec hanc illam antiquam esse confidentius quis pronuntiare ausus esset, antequam id ex ejus collatione cum nostra appareret; nec sincera omnino habetur apud Isidorum, sed mendis, interpolationibus, aliisque corruptelis vitiata. Praeterea antiqua Romanae Ecclesiae disciplina ex ista versione innotescit, dum aliquos canones Orientales ab ea rejectos docet, alios mutatos suoque accomodatos usui: quod ex Dionysii versione obscurum manet, quippe qui canones ad fidem Graeci textus transtulit, non habita ratione receptae ab Ecclesia Romana disciplinae. Mitto quod antiquas primasque habet versiones opusculorum sanctorum aliquot Patrum, qui saeculi quinti initio celebres fuere, et pontificum Romanorum conciliorumque usu consecratae; quod Romanae Africanaeque disciplinae nexum notiorem facit; quod plures fidei libellos qua editos, qua non anthehac editos continet; quod aliqua Africanorum decreta in editis praetermissa redintegrat; quod epistolas aliquot Romanorum pontificum aliaque monumenta egregie interpolata sinceritati suae restituit; quod non ea solum exhibet quae ad disciplinam ecclesiasticam pertinent, sed etiam quidquid fere pro fidei causa actum scriptumque est vel ab apostolica sede, vel ab aliis episcopis per illa tempora, id codex comprehendit; in quo praestat et Dionysiano et caeteris canonum constitutorumque codicibue, qui nihil de rebus fidei attingunt, si capitula de gratia et libero arbitrio Coelestini epistolae annexa excipias, quae apud Dionysium habentur et desiderantur in nostro, et Gangrenses anathematismos.

Even from this one thing everyone to whose palate ecclesiastical antiquity and the old canonical discipline have a savour understands at what price that excellent treasure of both is to be held, than which I hardly know whether anything better and more suited to the Church's interest has in the present century been rescued from darkness. Yet there are still more things to commend the code. For what of the fact that it presents that ancient version of the Eastern canons which was in use through many Western Churches before that of Dionysius? This indeed we have in part in the Isidorian Collection; but no one would have dared to pronounce with any confidence that this was that ancient one, before it appeared from its collation with ours; nor is it found altogether pure in Isidore, but marred by errors, interpolations and other corruptions. Moreover the ancient discipline of the Roman Church becomes known from this version, since it shows that some Eastern canons were rejected by that Church, others altered and fitted to its own use: which remains obscure from the version of Dionysius, inasmuch as he translated the canons according to the Greek text, taking no account of the discipline received by the Roman Church. I pass over that it has the ancient and first versions of the lesser works of several holy Fathers who were celebrated at the beginning of the fifth century, versions hallowed too by the use of the Roman pontiffs and of councils; that it makes the bond between the Roman and the African discipline better known; that it contains several statements of faith, some published, some not published before; that it restores certain decrees of the Africans passed over in the printed editions; that it restores to their integrity several letters of Roman pontiffs and other documents that had been notably interpolated; that it presents not only what pertains to ecclesiastical discipline, but also nearly everything that was done and written for the cause of the faith either by the apostolic see or by other bishops during those times, this the code embraces; in which it surpasses both the Dionysian and the other codes of canons and constitutions, which touch nothing concerning matters of faith, if you except the chapters on grace and free will annexed to the letter of Celestine, which are found in Dionysius and are wanting in ours, and the anathematisms of Gangra.

Editors' notes and page, col. 44

Page

running head: P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 44
marginal letters: A ‹tos canones sola consuetudine›; B ‹piunt antiquitas ecclesiastica›; C ‹canones Orientales ab ea›; D ‹exhibet quae ad disciplinam›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column begins mid-sentence; its first printed syllable "tos" completes "conditos" and is set at the end of col. 43. The Greek word is printed without accents. "consecratae" is as printed (consecratas would agree with versiones; UNSURE whether a slip, translated as referring to the versions). "vide tur" lacks its line-end hyphen in the print; set joined. Worn type set as intended: Orientalium. Under the column stands the end of foot note (a) of col. 43 (the Ballerini's); left out.

PL 54:45

Haec et alia hujusmodi, quae suis locis occurrent, praeclara quidem sunt. Duo tamen praeter illa sunt quae Ecclesiae Romanae studiosos (ecquis porro hujus studiosus non sit, si catholicus? et antiquitatis ecclesiasticae amatores magis afficient. Unum, quod ope hujus codicis dignoscitur, quae quove tempore Orientales synodi in usum receptae fuerint in Ecclesia Romana, quo Antiocheni canones, Constantinopolitani, Africani, et si qui alii in controversiam vocantur.

These and other things of this kind, which will come up in their places, are indeed splendid. Yet besides them there are two which will affect more deeply those devoted to the Roman Church (and who, pray, would not be devoted to her, if he is a Catholic?) and the lovers of ecclesiastical antiquity. One, that by the help of this code it is discerned which Eastern synods were received into use in the Roman Church, and at what time; at what time the canons of Antioch, of Constantinople, of Africa, and any others that are called into dispute.

Alterum est, ex eodem nostro codice repelli ac funditus convelli impudentem calumniam, quam famosi illi Magdeburgenses centuriatores adevrsus sanctissimos pontifices Romanos Zosimum, Bonifacium et Coelestinum sceleratissime struxerunt, cum eos palam et publice traducunt velut Nicaenorum canonum adulteratores, falsatores corruptores: quasi per immane scelus et impietatem, ac furiosam ambitionem a Zosimo papa sciente ac volente suppositi sint Sardicenses canones pro Nicaenis, cum illos sub Nicaenorum nomine Carthaginensi concilio per legatos suos obtulit in celebratissima illa Appiarii presbyteri causa: In qua nefaria deeretorum Nicaenorum adulteratione pervicaciter perstiterit Bonifacius, homo ambitiosus, inquiunt, et impius, ac pertinaciter perseveraverit Coelestinus: licet Africanam synodum veriora exemplaria Nicaenornm canonum Constantinopoli et Alexandria accepisse, ac sceleratam fraudem falsatorum canonum delectam esse, probe sciret. Certa erit deinceps ex codicis inspectione non dicam modo apud catholicos, sed et apud quosvis non desperatae conscientiae homines, et scelerata hominum mente corruptorum protervia, et sinceritas candorque episcoporum Romanorum, qui quod acceptum a majoribus in suo codice legebant, bona fide protulerunt; quos eam ob rem ignorantiae accusare non possis, quin Africanos episcopos, Orientales, ac plerosque Occidentales pariter insimules, quibus vel nullatenus vel obscure admodum innotuerant Sardicenses canones ac Nicaenorum numerus, de quo ad nostram usque aetatem perseveravit eruditorum controversia.

The other is that by this same code of ours there is repelled and torn up by the roots the shameless calumny which those notorious Centuriators of Magdeburg most wickedly contrived against the most holy Roman pontiffs Zosimus, Boniface and Celestine, when they openly and publicly traduce them as adulterators, falsifiers, corrupters of the Nicene canons: as though through monstrous crime and impiety, and frenzied ambition, the Sardican canons had been knowingly and willingly substituted for the Nicene by Pope Zosimus, when he presented them under the name of Nicene to the council of Carthage through his legates in that most celebrated case of the presbyter Apiarius: In which nefarious adulteration of the Nicene decrees Boniface, an ambitious man, they say, and impious, stubbornly persisted, and Celestine obstinately persevered: although he knew well that the African synod had received truer copies of the Nicene canons from Constantinople and Alexandria, and that the wicked fraud of the falsified canons had been detected. Henceforth, from inspection of the code, there will be certain, I do not say only among Catholics, but among any men whose conscience is not past hope, both the wicked insolence of men corrupt in mind, and the sincerity and candour of the Roman bishops, who in good faith brought forward what they read in their own code as received from their forefathers; whom you could not on that account accuse of ignorance without equally charging the African bishops, the Eastern, and most of the Western, to whom the Sardican canons and the number of the Nicene had become known either not at all or very obscurely, about which the controversy of the learned has continued down to our own age.

VII. Haec quidem optime, dicet aliquis, ac probata manet utilitas sinceritasque codicis: sed quamobrem Leonis Operibus annexus, ut simul prodirent? si quidem ille una cum dissertationibus sibi propriis volumini seorsim excudendo sufficere poterat.

VII. All this is very well, someone will say, and the usefulness and genuineness of the code stand proved: but why was it annexed to the Works of Leo, so that they should come out together? seeing that it, together with the dissertations proper to it, could have sufficed for a volume to be printed separately.

Non una profecto ratio id consilii persuasit. Non dicam per id temporis a me codicem inventum, cum Leoni edendo incubarem, et inde natam utrumque uno partu emittendi cogitationem; eodem codice sum esse Leonem nostrum; nonnullam lucem ex eo conciliari Leonis Operibus, ac paaesertim eo loci ubi Sardicenses canones pro Nicaenis ab eo laudantur: multa ejus aetate in codicem fuisse illata, magnam partem ab eodem illi insertam; maximam Eutychis sectatorumque ejus damnata dogmata attinere, quae propria est et Leonis victoria et scriptorum ejus materies.

Assuredly more than one reason urged this plan. I will not say that the code was found by me at the very time when I was bent on editing Leo, and that thence was born the thought of sending both forth at one birth; that our Leo used the same code; that some light is gained from it for Leo's Works, and especially in the place where the Sardican canons are cited by him as Nicene: that many things were brought into the code in his time, a great part inserted in it by him; that the greatest part concerns the condemned doctrines of Eutyches and his followers, which is the proper victory of Leo and the matter of his writings.

Editors' notes and page, col. 45

Page

running head: 45 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN
marginal letters: A ‹Haec et alia hujusmodi›; B ‹nonum adulteratores›; C ‹ruptorum protervia›; D ‹dicam per id temporis›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column ends mid-sentence. Last word hyphenated across the break (ma- | teries); completed from the first line of col. 46 visible at the edge of the top image. The parenthesis opened at "(ecquis" is never closed in the print; the English closes it. Worn type set as intended: et (printed ct), synodum (printed syuodum), perstiterit, Coelestinus. Misprints kept as printed: "adevrsus" (for adversus), "deeretorum" (for decretorum; an e printed for c, which wear cannot produce), "Nicaenornm" in "exemplaria Nicaenornm canonum" (for Nicaenorum; a turned u), "delectam esse" (for detectam; UNSURE whether a misprint or a worn t), "eodem codice sum esse" (for usum), "paaesertim" (for praesertim); the English renders the sense in each. Q4 re-read (2026-10-11): "deeretorum" and "Nicaenornm" had been set as the intended words (the second in the Q2a re-read); they are restored as printed, by the unit rule that a different letter clearly printed is a misprint (cf. "Magnnm") and to agree with col. 50 of this unit, where "eonsecrat", "mysteriornm" and "Paschasins" are kept. UNSURE: "syuodum" is the same kind of case in the other direction (u for n) and is left as set, since the brief names n-as-u as worn type; the coordinator may wish to rule on turned letters in the italic for the whole unit. A foot note (a) stands under this column (on the thirty-two letters of Leo inserted in the collection; the Ballerini's), but no call for it is printed in col. 45; its call is to be looked for in col. 46. Left out.

PL 54:46

Sed potior ratio fuit, quod Leonis Epistolae quae Operum ejus pars est insignior, sunt velut necessarium codicis supplementum; quo resecto, codex nobiliore sui parte minutus mancusque erit; quo adjecto, jam perfectus est, integramque exhibet juris canonici veteris Romani bibliothecam, ex qua ecclesiasticae administrationis leges depromptae per tot saecula fuerunt ab apostolicae sedis praesulibus.

But the weightier reason was that the Letters of Leo, which are the more notable part of his Works, are as it were a necessary supplement to the code; with this cut away, the code will be diminished and maimed in its nobler part; with this added, it is now complete, and presents an entire library of the old Roman canon law, from which the laws of ecclesiastical administration were drawn through so many centuries by the prelates of the apostolic see.

Epistolas Leonis necessarium dixi codicis supplementum, quia nihil omnino quod Leonis sit codici insertum habemus: cum tamen omnium a Siricio papa usque ad Anastasium II praesulum Romanorum epistolas praecipuas complectatur, exceptis Anastasio I, cujus nihil superest, Sixto III, qui vix duas epistolas, et Hilaro PP., qui plures scripsit. Et tamen cujus potius epistolae suum in codice locum obtinere debuerant, quam Leonis, qui et plura caeteris scripsit de disciplinae ecclesiasticae observantia, et in Pelegianis Eutychianisque damnandis (quae haereses reliquum fere codicis occupant) pars magna fuit, et in posteriori etiam praecipua? Istam omissionem non ex casu vel oblivione contigisse, multo minus ex contemptu natam quisquam dixerit. Ex industria igitur factum ab iis qui codicis capitibus 41 et 42 (quae adversus Eutychen gesta continent et a Leone videntur inserta) satius duxerunt una serie subjungere, quae adversus eosdem haereticos acta erant Simplicio, Felice et Gelasio Romanis pontificibus, quam actorum filum interrumpere prolixis Leonis nostri de multiplici materia epistolis; ex quibus si tantum aliquid delibassent codici inserendum, rem minus utilem et commodam facturi essent, quam cum plerasque ejusdem epistolas in unum corpus collectas ad calcem codicis posuere, ut ego factum suspicor.

I have called the letters of Leo a necessary supplement to the code, because we have nothing whatever of Leo's inserted in the code: although it embraces the principal letters of all the Roman prelates from Pope Siricius down to Anastasius II, except Anastasius I, of whom nothing survives, Sixtus III, who wrote scarcely two letters, and Pope Hilarus, who wrote several. And yet whose letters ought rather to have held their place in the code than those of Leo, who both wrote more than the rest on the observance of ecclesiastical discipline, and in the condemning of the Pelagians and Eutychians (heresies which take up nearly all the rest of the code) had a great part, and in the latter case even the chief part? No one would say that this omission came about by chance or forgetfulness, much less that it was born of contempt. It was done deliberately, then, by those who judged it better to subjoin in one series to chapters 41 and 42 of the code (which contain the proceedings against Eutyches and seem to have been inserted by Leo) what had been done against the same heretics under the Roman pontiffs Simplicius, Felix and Gelasius, than to break the thread of the acts with our Leo's lengthy letters on manifold matter; and if they had culled from these only some portion to be inserted in the code, they would have done a thing less useful and convenient than when they placed most of his letters, gathered into one body, at the end of the code, as I suspect was done.

Conjecturae huic nostrae suffragatur utrumque codicis exemplar ms. Thuaneum et Oxoniense, ad quorum calcem Leonis epistolae instar supplementi descriptae sunt; ut in dissertatione duodecima diximus, et in indice integro Thuanei, quem codici praefiximus, quisque cernere potest.

This conjecture of ours is supported by both manuscript copies of the code, de Thou's and the Oxford one, at the end of which the letters of Leo are transcribed by way of supplement; as we have said in the twelfth dissertation, and as anyone can see in the complete index of de Thou's copy, which we have prefixed to the code.

De caeteris hujus voluminis partibus vix aliquid hic habemus praefandum. Dissertationum materiem exhibet illarum index mox secuturus. Notae, observationes lectionesque variae per se clarae sunt. Plerumque codices mss. ex quibus istae manant, vel quae genuinam restituere, designavi; saepe hos omisi recensere, cum videlicet indubitatae certitudinis est emendatio et ad eam codices omnes conspirant. Earum aliquae prolixiores fortassis videbuntur et aliquotenus alienae: in hoc plurimorum eruditorumque scriptorum exemplo obsecutus sum, qui perspicuitati magis studuere quam brevitati, nefasque duxerunt non ea vel alieno loco illustrare, quae illustranda quavis occasione occurebant.

Of the remaining parts of this volume we have scarcely anything to say here by way of preface. The matter of the Dissertations is shown by their index, which will follow presently. The notes, observations and various readings are clear of themselves. For the most part I have indicated the manuscript codices from which these flow, or which have restored the genuine reading; often I have omitted to list them, namely when the emendation is of undoubted certainty and all the codices agree upon it. Some of them will perhaps seem rather lengthy and to some degree off the point: in this I have followed the example of very many learned writers, who have studied clearness more than brevity, and have thought it wrong not to illustrate, even out of place, what offered itself for illustration on any occasion.

In his nonnumquam a doctissimorum virorum opinionibus recedimus, eas aliquando etiam impugnamus;

In these we sometimes depart from the opinions of most learned men, and at times even attack them;

Editors' notes and page, col. 46

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: codici insertum habemus› · call in col 46

Leonis epistolas triginta duas huic collectioni fuisse insertas innuimus annot. 8. Quesnelli praejudicium unde originem duxerit, explicabimus in observationibus ad dissertationem ejusdem duodecimam, quae tomo tertio edetur.

That thirty-two letters of Leo were inserted in this collection we have intimated in annotation 8. From what Quesnel's prejudice took its origin we shall explain in the observations on his twelfth dissertation, which will be published in the third volume.

(printed under page 28)

Page

running head: P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 46
marginal letters: A ‹teries. Sed potior ratio›; B ‹cujus potius epistolae›; C ‹lem et commodam facturi›; D ‹re, cum videlicet indubitatae›
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: Column begins with "teries.", the end of "materies" set at the foot of col. 45; the full stop after that word is printed here and is not carried in either file (c45 ends "materies" without it). Column ends mid-sentence; last word hyphenated across the break (impugna- | mus;), completed with its semicolon from the first line of col. 47, seen in that column's top image. "vel quae genuinam restituere" is as printed (qui, sc. codices, perhaps intended; UNSURE), with lectionem understood. Foot note (a), called after "insertum habemus", is the Ballerini's; it begins under col. 45 and ends under col. 46. Left out. Misprints kept as printed (listed in the Q1 re-read): "Pelegianis" (for Pelagianis) and "occurebant" (for occurrebant); the English renders the intended words.

PL 54:47

non alio ducti quam veritatis aperiendae studio. Hanc dum sincere quaerimus, si ab ea quandoque aberrare contigit, quod saepe accidisse mihi merito vereor, de errore a quolibet, sive amico animo, sive inimico admoneri, id laudis ac beneficii loco referam; eumdem agnoscere ac delere, victoriae deputabo.

led by nothing else than zeal for laying open the truth. While we sincerely seek it, if it has at any time befallen us to stray from it, which I rightly fear has often happened to me, to be warned of the error by anyone, whether in a friendly spirit or a hostile one, I shall count as praise and a kindness; to acknowledge the same and blot it out I shall reckon a victory.

VIII. Praefari desinam, si prius praestitero ne litterarius orbis ignoret, quorum beneficio promota et adjuta sit nostra in expurgando Leone opera, dum codicum mss. copiam fecerunt, omnemque opem benevole contulerunt. Regia librorum mss. Gaza uti libentissime permisit vir clariss. D. Carcavi hujus gazophylacii vigilantissimus praefectus. Quidquid e celeberrima Sangermanensis coenobii bibliotheca usui nobis esse potuit, qua excursum, qua manuscriptum, id omne liberalissime profudit R. P. Domnus Lucas Dacheri, cujus doctrinam et pietatem cum omnibus suspicio, cujus amicitia cum paucis glorior. Codicem Leonis manuscriptum perhumaniter communicavit ditissimae S. Victoris bibliothecae scientissimus custos D. le Tonnellier. Quantum debeam viro doctissimo Eduardo Bernardo astronomiae in Oxoniensi academia Saviliano prafessori, dicere non valeo. Non tantum enim codicis Romani aurum contra aestimandi apographum cura sua descriptum ad me transmisit, sed et bibliothecas Oxonienses summa diligentia ipse scrutatus est, archiva Laudina, Bodleiana, Orielensia, Baliolensia, Pembrochiana, etc., excussit, edita cum mss. codicibus contulit, varias lectiones propria descripsit manu, ea cura, eo studio, ea humanitate, cui parem vix ac ne vix quidem invenias. Nec satis fuit viro liberalissimo sua profudisse, nisi et amicorum studium ac laborem impendisset. quorum oculis Cantabrigenses bibliothecas et codices mss. lustravit, indeque excerptas misit variantes lectiones. Humanissimo D. Thomae Gale hanc me opem debere quando Bernardus significat, ingratus sim, si viri nomen hoc loco reticeam. Neque tuum, Josephe mi Quesnelle, charissime agnate, vel silentio premere queam, vel sine grati animi significatione commemorare, qui ex ditissimo illo illustrissimi Thuani penu litterario, cujus fidissimus es promus condus, et codicis Romani exemplar ms. et tot Leonis mss. codices subministrasti, non singulari in me solum, sed et in litteras amore. Clarissimum virum D. Vion d'Herouval si pro collata codicum ope laudare omisero, solus ero omnium qui vel eruendae vel illustrandae antiquitati adlaborant, qui, nec si velint, se subtrahere queant beneficentissimo ejus erga litteras litteratosque studio. Caeteros, quibus aliquid officiosae opis debemus, sua laus manet propriis locis commemoranda.

VIII. I shall leave off prefacing once I have first made sure that the world of letters is not ignorant by whose kindness our labour in purging Leo has been furthered and aided, in that they gave access to manuscript codices and kindly contributed every help. The use of the Royal Treasury of manuscript books was most willingly granted by the most distinguished M. Carcavi, the most vigilant prefect of that treasury. Whatever from the most celebrated library of the monastery of Saint-Germain could be of use to us, whether printed or manuscript, all this was most liberally poured out by the Reverend Father Dom Luc d'Achery, whose learning and piety I look up to along with all men, in whose friendship I glory along with few. A manuscript codex of Leo was most courteously communicated by the most learned keeper of the very rich library of Saint-Victor, M. le Tonnellier. How much I owe to that most learned man Edward Bernard, Savilian professor of astronomy in the University of Oxford, I am unable to say. For not only did he send over to me a transcript, copied under his care, of the Roman code, a thing worth its weight in gold, but he also himself searched the Oxford libraries with the utmost diligence, went through the archives of Laud, of Bodley, of Oriel, of Balliol, of Pembroke, etc., collated the printed texts with the manuscript codices, and wrote out the various readings with his own hand, with such care, such zeal, such courtesy as you would hardly, indeed scarcely at all, find matched. Nor was it enough for this most generous man to have poured out what was his own, without also spending the zeal and labour of his friends, through whose eyes he surveyed the Cambridge libraries and manuscript codices, and sent the variant readings excerpted from them. Since Bernard indicates that I owe this help to the most courteous Mr Thomas Gale, I should be ungrateful if I kept silent in this place about the man's name. Nor could I either bury in silence your name, my Joseph Quesnel, dearest kinsman, or mention it without a token of a grateful mind, you who from that most rich literary store of the most illustrious de Thou, of which you are the most faithful steward, supplied both the manuscript copy of the Roman code and so many manuscript codices of Leo, out of a singular love not for me only but also for letters. If I omit to praise that most distinguished man M. Vion d'Hérouval for the help of codices he contributed, I shall be the only one of all those who labour either to unearth or to illustrate antiquity, men who could not, even if they wished, withdraw themselves from his most beneficent zeal towards letters and men of letters. As for the rest, to whom we owe some obliging help, their own praise awaits them, to be recorded in the proper places.

Quod nec Caesaream Viennae bibliothecam, nec Romanas laudo, erit qui succenseat, quasi opulentissima illa ἀρχεῖα adire neglexerim. Non profecto peperci operae, non amicis, quo ad illa litterarum adyta liceret penetrare; sed irrito conatu. Optassem in primis particeps fieri codicis Operum S. Leonis, quem a doctissimo viro Francisco Pegna cum Romanarum bibliothecarum mss. codicibus olim collatum didiceram a cl. viro Emerico Bigotio Rothomagensi eruditionis omnibus notissimae. Codex ille mortuo Francisco Pegna ad Marium S. Angeli canonicum venerat, huncque in ejus bibliotheca prae manibus habuit Bigotius, qui post Marii mortem de codice per litteras sciscitans, aliud responsum non retulit, nisi quid de illo factum esset, ignorari. Forsan quae primae huic editioni non adfuere, alteri adornandae, si quando id contingat, suppeditabuntur: quod ut ab eruditis omnibus prompto animo praestetur, pro sua eos in sonctissimum apostolicae sedis pontificem doctoremque Ecclesiae reverentia, pro suo in Ecclesiam ipsam studio enixis precibus cohortamur.

That I praise neither the Imperial library at Vienna nor those of Rome, there will be some to resent, as though I had neglected to approach those most opulent archives. Assuredly I spared neither effort nor friends, that it might be possible to penetrate to those sanctuaries of letters; but the attempt was vain. I should have wished above all to be given a share in the codex of the Works of St Leo which, as I had learned from the distinguished Émery Bigot of Rouen, a man of learning very well known to all, had once been collated by the most learned Francisco Peña with the manuscript codices of the Roman libraries. That codex, on the death of Francisco Peña, had come to Mario, canon of Sant'Angelo, and Bigot had it in his hands in that man's library; and when, after Mario's death, he inquired by letter about the codex, he brought back no other answer than that it was not known what had become of it. Perhaps what was not at hand for this first edition will be supplied for the preparing of a second, if that should ever come about: and that this may be done with ready mind by all the learned, we exhort them with earnest entreaties, by their reverence for the most holy pontiff of the apostolic see and doctor of the Church, by their zeal for the Church herself.

Editors' notes and page, col. 47

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: viro apostolico› · call in col 47

Hinom. Rem. l. de Praedcst. c. 33

Hincmar of Reims, book On Predestination, ch. 33.

(printed under page 29)

(b) ‹anchor: Ecclesiae luminari› · call in col 47

Facund. l. v, cap. 5.

Facundus, book V, ch. 5.

(printed under page 29)

(e) [for (c)] ‹anchor: orthodoxae fidei columnae› · call in col 47

Libell. episc. Oriental. ad Agapetum PP.

Memorial of the Eastern bishops to Pope Agapetus.

(printed under page 29)

(d) ‹anchor: vocis Petri interpreti› · call in col 47

Lib, ep. 2 Syriae ad Justinianum imper,

Memorial of the bishops of Syria II to the emperor Justinian.

(printed under page 29)

(e) ‹anchor: apostolicorum dogmatum defensori› · call in col 47

Relat. conc. Chalc. ad Leonem PP.

Report of the council of Chalcedon to Pope Leo.

(printed under page 29)

(f) ‹anchor: apostolis coaequando› · call in col 47

Libell. synodicus c. 89.

The Libellus synodicus, ch. 89.

(printed under page 29)

(g) ‹anchor: angelis aequali› · call in col 47

Idem, c. 94.

The same, ch. 94.

(printed under page 29)

Page

running head: 47 P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 48 (the upper band of both columns is set here)
marginal letters: col. 47: A ‹mus; non alio ducti›; B ‹nobis esse potuit›; C ‹parem vix ac ne vix›. col. 48 (upper band): A ‹Bernardus significat›; B ‹Quod nec Caesaream›; C ‹id contingat, suppeditabuntur›. D stands in the lower band (see c48)
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: LAYOUT: p 29 has two columns, then a rule and a full-width title, then two columns again. By the unit rule (reading order wins) the upper bands of BOTH columns 47 and 48, which finish the Praefatio generalis, stand here under the rail of col. 47; the Nuncupatoria (title and lower bands of both columns) stands under the rail of col. 48. The Nuncupatoria thus begins on the page in the lower part of col. 47, as the boundary says, but is filed under 48. The column's first printed syllable with its semicolon ("mus;") completes "impugnamus;" and is set at the end of col. 46. The paragraph VIII runs across the column break (… debere quando | Bernardus significat …) and is set as one. Worn type set as intended: alio, contigit, Ecclesiam (printed Eeclesiam). Foot note (a), called after "Viennae bibliothecam", is the Ballerini's and runs across the foot of the upper band of both columns; left out.

PL 54:48

EJUSDEM QUESNELLI NUNCUPATORIA

THE SAME QUESNEL'S DEDICATION

SUAE EDITIONI PRAEFIXA.

PREFIXED TO HIS EDITION.

Sancto Leoni Magno Ecclesiae Romanae episcopo, nec tantae sedis impari, viro apostolico, Ecclesiae luminari, orthodoxae fidei columnae, vocis Petri interpreti, apostolicorum dogmatum defensori, apostolis coaequando, angelis aequali; cujus sententiam quidquid ubique catholicum est, velut coeleste oraculum miratur, celebrat, veneratur; catholicae veritatis assertori, sed pacifico; ecclesiasticae pacis amatori, sed intrepido; evangelicae legis interpreti, sed non ex suo; sacerdotalis sanctimoniae praeconi,

To Saint Leo the Great, bishop of the Roman Church, and not unequal to so great a see, an apostolic man, luminary of the Church, pillar of the orthodox faith, interpreter of the voice of Peter, defender of the apostolic doctrines, one to be ranked equal with the apostles, the equal of the angels; whose judgement whatever is Catholic anywhere admires, celebrates and venerates as a heavenly oracle; to the asserter of Catholic truth, yet a peaceable one; the lover of ecclesiastical peace, yet a fearless one; the interpreter of the law of the gospel, yet not out of his own; the herald of priestly holiness,

Editors' notes and page, col. 48

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: Caesaream Viennae bibliothecam› · call in col 48

De Vindebonensis et Romanorum bibliothecarum codicibns, qui nobis usui fuerunt, in generali praefatione aliquid attigimus; sed in praefationibus peculiaribus ad Sermones et Epistolas plura. Codicem vero qui Joannis Baptistae Mari canonici S. Angeli variantes, lectiones Sermonun S. Leonis tantummodo praefert, in bibliotheca Barberina invenimus. Vide hac super re praefationem ad Sermones, num. 27.

Of the codices of the Vienna and Roman libraries which were of use to us we have touched somewhat in the general preface; but more in the particular prefaces to the Sermons and the Letters. The codex, however, which presents only the variant readings of St. Leo's Sermons belonging to Giovanni Battista Mari, canon of Sant'Angelo, we found in the Barberini library. On this matter see the preface to the Sermons, no. 27.

[Notes to the Nuncupatoria, below the rule] (printed under page 29)

(h) ‹anchor: ubique catholicum est› · call in col 48

Prat. Spirit. c. 149.

The Spiritual Meadow, ch. 149.

(printed under page 29)

(i) ‹anchor: catholicae veritatis assertori› · call in col 48

Adrian. PP. II in concil. CP. IV.

Pope Adrian II at the fourth council of Constantinople.

(printed under page 29)

(j) ‹anchor: sed intrepido› · call in col 48

Ep. 20 (nunc 23) S. Leon. ad Flav. c. 2; ep. 69, 86 (nunc 89. 115), etc.

Letter 20 (now 23) of St. Leo to Flavian, ch. 2; letters 69, 86 (now 89, 115), etc.

(printed under page 29)

(k) ‹anchor: sed non ex suo› · call in col 48

Ep. 78, 79, 80, 81 (nunc 104, 105, 106-107), etc.

Letters 78, 79, 80, 81 (now 104, 105, 106–107), etc.

(printed under page 29)

Page

running head: P. QUESNELLI PRAEFATIO IN SUAM EDITIONEM. 48
marginal letters: D ‹Sancto Leoni Magno Ecclesiae Romanae episcopo› (col. 47, lower band) | ‹tentiam quidquid ubique› (col. 48, lower band); A, B, C stand in the upper band (see c47)
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: LAYOUT: by the unit rule this file holds the full-width title of the Nuncupatoria and the lower bands of BOTH columns 47 and 48 in reading order; the upper band of col. 48 (end of the Praefatio generalis) is set in c47. The title is printed across both columns below a rule, in two lines (caption and sub-caption), with a short rule under it. The dedication is printed in italics and is one continuous period; it breaks off here at "praeconi," and runs on in col. 49. The word "sententiam" is divided between the lower bands (sen- | tentiam) and set whole. Foot notes (a)-(g) under col. 47 and (h)-(k) under col. 48 are short references (Quesnel's own citations for each title given to Leo, with the Ballerini's "nunc" renumberings of the letters); calls and notes left out. In note (c) the letter is printed (e) in the note itself, and (d) is printed with a broken parenthesis.

PL 54:49

sed non otioso; Ecclesiae catholicae doctori, sed traditionis discipulo; canonicae disciplinae instauratori sapientissimo, exsecutori religiosissimo, vindici fortissimo; fideli ac fidenti Ecclesiae propugnatori, haereticorum non ficto aut trepido impugnatori: cujus pro catholica fide sollicitudinem ac diligentiam, laborem et industriam, tibertatem atque constantiam omnis Ecclesia praedicare non cessat: qui mysterium sacrosanctae Trinitatis contra Priscillianistas, Jesu Christi incarnationis necessitatem contra Judaeos eamdem cum Patre substantiam contra Arianos humanae proprietatem naturae contra Eutychen, personae singularitatem contra Nestorium, Ecclesiae jura ac potestatem contra Novatianos, corporis mystici unitatem contra Donatistas, gratiae sanguine mediatoris partae omnimodam necessitatem,

yet not an idle one; the teacher of the Catholic Church, yet the disciple of tradition; the most wise restorer of canonical discipline, its most scrupulous executor, its most valiant vindicator; the faithful and confident champion of the Church, the unfeigned and unflinching assailant of heretics: whose solicitude and diligence, labour and industry, freedom and constancy on behalf of the Catholic faith the whole Church does not cease to proclaim: who, the mystery of the most holy Trinity against the Priscillianists, the necessity of the incarnation of Jesus Christ against the Jews, the same substance with the Father against the Arians, the property of the human nature against Eutyches, the singleness of the person against Nestorius, the rights and power of the Church against the Novatians, the unity of the mystical body against the Donatists, the utter necessity of the grace won by the blood of the Mediator,

Editors' notes and page, col. 49

Footnotes

(a) ‹anchor: sed non otioso› · call in col 49

In Serm. et alibi passim.

In the Sermons, and elsewhere throughout.

(printed under page 30)

(b) ‹anchor: sed traditionis discipulo› · call in col 49

Vid. Dissert. 1, de Vita et Reb. gestis.

See Dissertation 1, on the Life and Deeds.

(printed under page 30)

Leo ep. 154, 135 (nunc 165, 166), etc. Et Simplic. PP. ep. ad Zenon. Aug. [the first number is set as it appears on the scan; 134 would be expected from the renumbering; the middle figure is not certain]

Leo, letters 154, 135 (now 165, 166), etc. And Pope Simplicius, letter to the emperor Zeno Augustus.

(printed under page 30)

(d) ‹anchor: exsecutori religiosissimo› · call in col 49

Facund. l. II, c. 6.

Facundus, book II, ch. 6.

(printed under page 30)

(e) ‹anchor: vindici› · call in col 49 (the call is printed (c) for (e))

Idem, ibid.

The same, in the same place.

(printed under page 30)

(f) ‹anchor: fortissimo› · call in col 49

Ep. decr. 4, 2, etc. Gelas. PP. ep. ad Dardan. et Marcian. August. ibid.

Decretal letters 4, 2, etc. Pope Gelasius, letter to the Dardanians, and Marcian Augustus, in the same place.

(printed under page 30)

(g) ‹anchor: Ecclesiae propugnatori› · call in col 49

Facund. l. V, p. 213, et diss. 1, de Vita.

Facundus, book V, p. 213, and Dissertation 1, on the Life.

(printed under page 30)

(h) ‹anchor: trepido impugnatori› · call in col 49

Facund. l. II, c. 5.

Facundus, book II, ch. 5.

(printed under page 30)

(i) ‹anchor: praedicare non cessat› · call in col 49

Idem. ibid.

The same, in the same place.

(printed under page 30)

(j) ‹anchor: contra Priscillianistas› · call in col 49

Idem, l. V, c. 4.

The same, book V, ch. 4.

(printed under page 30)

(k) ‹anchor: contra Judaeos› · call in col 49

Epist. 15, ad Turrib., et Serm. de Pentecost.

Letter 15, to Turribius, and the Sermons on Pentecost.

(printed under page 30)

(l) ‹anchor: contra Arianos› · call in col 49

Serm. de Nat. et Epiph. Dom.

The Sermons on the Nativity and the Epiphany of the Lord.

(printed under page 30)

(m) ‹anchor: contra Eutychen› · call in col 49

Ibid. et in Epist.

In the same place, and in the Letters.

(printed under page 30)

(n) ‹anchor: contra Nestorium› · call in col 49

Ep. 24 (nunc 28), ad Flav., etc.

Letter 24 (now 28), to Flavian, etc.

(printed under page 30)

(o) ‹anchor: contra Novatianos› · call in col 49

Ep. 27, 46, 64, 77, 92, 96, 97 (nnnc 31, 59, 84, 102, 119, 123, 124), et in Serm. Eulog. ep. Alexand. in defens. S. Leonis PP.

Letters 27, 46, 64, 77, 92, 96, 97 (now 31, 59, 84, 102, 119, 123, 124), and in the Sermons. Eulogius, bishop of Alexandria, in his defence of saint Leo the pope.

(printed under page 30)

(p) ‹anchor: contra Donatistas› · call in col 49

Ep. 14 (nnnc 18), ad Januar. Aquil. et ep. 1 (nunc 12), ad Afr.

Letter 14 (now 18), to Januarius of Aquileia, and letter 1 (now 12), to the Africans.

(printed under page 30)

(q) ‹anchor: gratiae› · call in col 49

Epist. 1 (nunc 12). ad Afr. et in Sermon.

Letter 1 (now 12), to the Africans, and in the Sermons.

(printed under page 30)

(r) ‹anchor: Pelagianorumque reliquias› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Lib. de Voc. gent. Ep. ad Demetr. capitul. de Grat. et Lib. Arb. Epist. 6, ad Aquileiens. episc., etc.

The book On the Calling of the Nations. The Letter to Demetrias. The Chapters on Grace and Free Will. Letter 6, to the bishop of Aquileia, etc.

(printed under page 30)

(s) ‹anchor: centra Manichaeos› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Ep. 8 (nunc 7), ad episc. Ital. Ep. 15, ad Turribium. Serm. 8, 15 23, 74, (nunc 9, 16, 24, 76), etc.

Letter 8 (now 7), to the bishops of Italy. Letter 15, to Turribius. Sermons 8, 15, 23, 74 (now 9, 16, 24, 76), etc.

(printed under page 30)

(t) ‹anchor: Pseudo-Christianos› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50; the call is printed as a small-capital I)

In Sermon. passim, etc.

In the Sermons, throughout, etc.

(printed under page 30)

(u) ‹anchor: propugnavit› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Hormisdas PP. ep. ad cler. et archimandr. 2 Syriae.

Pope Hormisdas, letter to the clergy and archimandrites of Syria Secunda.

(printed under page 30)

(v) ‹anchor: tantae doctrinae› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Ep. Episc. 44 Galliae ad Leonem cap. 5 (nunc ep. 99).

Letter of the 44 bishops of Gaul to Leo, ch. 5 (now letter 99).

(printed under page 30)

(x) ‹anchor: divinitus praeparato› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Allocutio concil. Chalc. ad Marcian. Aug.

The address of the Council of Chalcedon to the emperor Marcian Augustus.

(printed under page 30)

(y) ‹anchor: ille quaesitus est› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Prosper in Chronico.

Prosper, in the Chronicle.

(printed under page 30)

(z) ‹anchor: LXXV› · call in col 49 (rail; printed in the upper band of col 50)

Vide tom. II, diss. 1, ad an. 491, num. 8 et seq. [the year is set as it appears on the scan; the last two figures are not certain]

See vol. II, dissertation 1, at the year 491, no. 8 and following.

(printed under page 30)

Page

running head: 49 SCHOENEMANNI NOTITIA HISTORICO LI… (the rest of the head lies over col. 50)
marginal letters: A ‹sed non otioso›; B ‹sanguine mediatoris partae› (set just below that last line); C and D stand beside the foot notes and the next unit, not beside this text
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: The dedication is in italics and continues the period begun in the lower band of p 29 (filed under 48). It does not end in the upper band of col. 49: it breaks mid-sentence at "necessitatem," and runs on in the upper band of col. 50 (same page, right column), which by the reading-order rule stands under this rail. That continuation is set in parts/c50_a.md under a PL 54:49 rail; the part c49_a.md carries the left column's band only, and the two were not merged in the Q2b re-read (UNSURE whether the assembler joins them under one rail). UNIT END: the unit's last words stand in the upper band of col. 50, above the double rule. Foot-note calls (a)-(q) stand in this column's band and are left out of the text; the call after "vindici" is printed (c) for (e). Foot notes (a)-(z) are Quesnel's short references with the Ballerini's "nunc" renumberings; (a)-(o) are printed under col. 49, the run-over of (o) and (p)-(z) under col. 50, all above the double rule. Misprints kept as printed: in the text "tibertatem" (for libertatem; the English renders the intended word); in the notes "nnnc" (for nunc) in (o) and (p), a full stop for a comma in "Idem. ibid." (i) and in "(nunc 12). ad Afr." (q), "15 23" with the comma wanting and a comma before the parenthesis in (s). No comma is printed after "contra Judaeos" or after "contra Arianos". Below a double rule begins the full-width title NOTITIA HISTORICA IN SANCTUM LEONEM MAGNUM with its text and notes: another unit (ed_schoenemann_notitia), not set; its foot note (a), which an earlier pass had set in this file, was taken out in the Q2b re-read.

PL 54:50

gratuitam largitionem, insuperabilem virtutem, contra Pelagianos Pelagianorumque reliquias; mysteriornm omnium veritatem, dignitatem, sanctitatem, centra Manichaeos; sincerum religionis cultum contra impios et Pseudo-Christianos. coelesti doctrina, pietate singulari, invicto animo, exemplo, sermonibus, scriptis ex ipso apostolorum corde prolatis explicuit, asseruit, propugnavit. Tantae sanctitatis, tantae fidei, tantae doctrinae, pontifici, Ecclesiae ad victoriam divinitus praeparato, se ac suam hanc qualemcumque opellam in scriptis ejus colligendis, purgandis, illustrandis positam, e Gallicanae Ecclesiae sinu unde olim ad Petri cathedram ille quaesitus est, offert, dicat, eonsecrat, devotissimus cliens Paschasins Quesnel Parisinus, presbyter congregat. Oratorii D. Jesu. IV kalend. Julii Leonis Magni memoriae sacro. A. R. S. CIƆ IƆ C. LXXV.

its gratuitous bestowal, its insuperable power, against the Pelagians and the remnants of the Pelagians; the truth, dignity and holiness of all the mysteries against the Manichaeans; the sincere worship of religion against the impious and the pseudo-Christians, he unfolded, asserted and defended by heavenly doctrine, by singular piety, by an unconquered spirit, by example, by sermons, by writings brought forth from the very heart of the apostles. To a pontiff of such great holiness, such great faith, such great learning, divinely prepared for the Church unto victory, his most devoted client Pasquier Quesnel of Paris, priest of the Congregation of the Oratory of the Lord Jesus, offers, dedicates and consecrates himself and this small labour of his, such as it is, spent in gathering, cleansing and illustrating his writings, from the bosom of the Gallican Church, whence he was once sought out for the chair of Peter. On the fourth day before the Kalends of July [28 June], the day sacred to the memory of Leo the Great. In the year of salvation restored 1675.

Editors' notes and page, col. 50

Page

running head: [...]ISTORICO LITTERARIA IN S. LEONEM. 50 (only the right half of the page head is in this column's images)
marginal letters: A ‹gratuitam largitionem›; B ‹Magni memoriae sacro› (set between this line and the one above); C ‹(z) Vide tom. II› (in the foot notes); D ‹attributo diei 11 Aprilis› (in the Notitia historica, not set)
old-edition numerals: (none)
other: BOUNDARY chunk. The paragraph above is the close of Quesnel's Nuncupatoria, printed in italic in the upper band of col 50; it continues the sentence that breaks off at "necessitatem," at the foot of the upper band of col 49, and by the reading-order rule stands under the PL 54:49 rail (it follows the last words of the col 49 part; the two parts were not merged). The PL 54:50 rail above is rail-only. The English begins mid-sentence. Foot-note calls removed from the text: (r) (s) (t, printed as a small-capital I) (u) (v) (x) (y) (z); the foot notes (p)-(z), with the tail of note (o) ("Alexand. in defens. S. Leonis PP."), are printed beneath this band and above the double rule; they are set in notes/n49.md with the rest of the series, keyed to the 49 rail. Worn type set as intended: "vcritatem" read veritatem, "dignıtatem" read dignitatem. Misprints kept as printed (the English renders the intended words): "mysteriornm" (for mysteriorum), "centra" (for contra), "eonsecrat" (for consecrat), "Paschasins" (for Paschasius); a full stop stands after the call at "Pseudo-Christianos" and the next word begins in lower case. The year is printed in apostrophic numerals (CIƆ IƆ C. LXXV = 1675). "IV" is printed in small capitals.