Leo the Great, Letters

(a) ‹EPISTOLA CLXVII› · printed under col 1197

Al. 2. Scripta an. 458 vel 459.

Elsewhere 2. Written in the year 458 or 459.

(b) ‹ad ejusdem consulta› · printed under cols 1197–1198

In cod. Veron. 58 et Vat. Reg. collect. 1, pro rescriptis habetur respondenti; in Lucensi collect. 4, responditis; in Vindebon. collect. 5, respondent, forte legendum respondentibus. In tabula titulorum praefixa collectioni 5, cap. 72, sic legitur: Cum subjectis XIX consultationum capitulis responsionibusque subnexis.

In the Verona manuscript 58 and the Vatican Queen's [manuscript] of collection 1, instead of rescriptis there is respondenti; in the Lucca [manuscript] of collection 4, responditis; in the Vienna [manuscript] of collection 5, respondent; perhaps respondentibus should be read. In the table of headings placed before collection 5, chap. 72, one reads thus: With the nineteen chapters of inquiries set out below and the answers attached.

post. Non multo tamen post exarata dicenda est: siquidem Hermes, qui in hac epistola appellatur Archidiaconus, vivo adhuc Rustico Biterrensibus episcopus datus fuit, a quibus cum non fuerit receptus, Narbonam rediit, et hac de re idem Rusticus et Hermes litteras ad Leonem dedere, ut ex Hilari papae epist. 8 colligere licet. His autem ut congruum tempus tribuatur, ante Leonis mortem, quae contigit an. 461, Hermes ad Biterrensem cathedram promotus videtur sub an. 460; haec autem epistola, Hermete adhuc archidiacono Romae agente, scripta serius dicenda est an. 459.

[…] later. Yet it must be said to have been written not much later: for Hermes, who in this letter is called Archdeacon, was given as bishop to the people of Béziers while Rusticus was still alive, and since he was not received by them, he returned to Narbonne; and on this matter the same Rusticus and Hermes wrote letters to Leo, as can be gathered from Pope Hilary's Letter 8. And so that a suitable time may be allowed for these things before the death of Leo, which occurred in the year 461, Hermes seems to have been promoted to the see of Béziers about the year 460; and this letter, written while Hermes was still staying at Rome as archdeacon, must be said to have been written at the latest in the year 459.

7. His autem de tempore hujus epistolae praemissis, manifestum fit quam sint inanes duae Quesnelli conjecturae, quibus cum animadverterit aliquot ex iis dubiis quae proposuit Rusticus decisa fuisse in conciliis Arausicano I, Vasensi I, et Arelatensi II, alterutrum not. 1 colligit: Scilicet vel Rusticum ad Leonem scripsisse, antequam eae difficiles quaestiones in conciliis supradictis ventilarentur et enodarentur: supervacaneum enim videretur et praeter consuetudinem Gallicanam, ut post soluta in pluribus comprovincialibus, aut majoribus etiam synodis dubia, alia de eisdem consultatio haberetur; vel certe, si non praecessit has synodos Rustici epistola, non ab illarum aetate plurimum recedere putanda est: sed forte Rusticus existimavit illarum statutis sibi standum non esse, tum quia in multis durior disciplina apparebat, tum quod inter ipsum et Hilarium Arelatensem episcopum, quo auctore ac praeside conditi canones fuerant, aliquid suberat simultatis, propter summam hujus in Ecclesias Gallicanas auctoritatem, quae Narbonensis metropolitae et aliorum metropolitanorum episcoporum splendorem obscurabat. Primum, nimirum Rusticum ante praedicta concilia ad Leonem scripsisse, quod Arausicanum, et Vasense I ex praestituto hujus epistolae tempore falsissimum agnoscitur. Concilium vero Arelatense II, quod omni chronologico charactere est expers, Rustici aevo habitum perperam creditur: collectionem enim canonum synodorum anteriorum praefert in rationem S. Caesarii Arelatensis propriam; adeo ut hoc concilium a Caesario celebratum recte probarit P. Sbaraglia; quod confirmare possumus ex mss. collectionibus Gallicanis, quae in Vaticana et Veronensi bibliothecis observavimus, ubi haec synodus immediate praemittitur conciliis Agathensi et Arausicano II a Caesario coactis ineunte saeculo VI. De ratione quam Quesnellus subjicit mox dicemus. Alteram vero quoad simultatum inter Rusticum et Hilarium, commentitium pariter liquet. Siquidem sub hujus epistolae tempus quo Rusticus ad Leonem scripsit, nulla Rustico simultas esse poterat cum Hilario, qui jamdiu ante e vivis excesserat, cum praesertim ex Leonis decreto certi jam essent ecclesiasticarum provinciarum fines, et cujus metropolitae jura jam constituta pacifice servarentur. Vera igitur ratio, qua Rusticus ad Leonem de his quoque dubiis scripsit, quae in Gallicanis synodis fuerunt definita, haec fuit, ut apostolicae sedis auctoritate certior definitio praeberetur. Hinc vero etiam patet non alienum fuisse a consuetudine episcoporum Galliae, post soluta in conciliis Gallicanis dubia, Romanam cathedram consulere, eo quod ex majorum traditione didicerint quantum praestet hujus auctoritas atque sententia, quantamque in rebus dubiis certitudinem pariat.

7. With these points about the date of this letter set out first, it becomes plain how empty are the two conjectures of Quesnel, by which, having noticed that some of the doubts which Rusticus put forward had been decided in the councils of Orange I, Vaison I and Arles II, he infers in note 1 one or the other: Namely, either that Rusticus wrote to Leo before those difficult questions were aired and resolved in the councils mentioned above: for it would seem superfluous and contrary to the Gallican custom that, after doubts had been resolved in several synods of the province, or even larger ones, another consultation should be held about the same things; or at least, if Rusticus's letter did not precede these synods, it is not to be thought far removed from their date: but perhaps Rusticus thought that he was not bound to abide by their statutes, both because in many points the discipline appeared harsher, and because some rivalry lay hidden between him and Hilary, bishop of Arles, by whose authorship and under whose presidency the canons had been made, on account of the latter's supreme authority over the Churches of Gaul, which overshadowed the splendour of the metropolitan of Narbonne and of the other metropolitan bishops. The first, namely that Rusticus wrote to Leo before the aforesaid councils, is recognized from the date fixed for this letter as utterly false as regards Orange and Vaison I. And the second council of Arles, which is devoid of any chronological mark, is wrongly believed to have been held in Rusticus's time: for it presents a collection of canons of earlier synods in a manner peculiar to St Caesarius of Arles; so much so that Father Sbaraglia rightly proved this council to have been held by Caesarius; which we can confirm from the Gallican manuscript collections which we examined in the Vatican and Verona libraries, where this synod is placed immediately before the councils of Agde and Orange II, convened by Caesarius at the beginning of the sixth century. Of the reason which Quesnel adds we shall speak shortly. The other [conjecture], concerning the rivalry between Rusticus and Hilary, is likewise clearly fictitious. For about the time of this letter, when Rusticus wrote to Leo, Rusticus could have no rivalry with Hilary, who had departed this life long before, especially since by Leo's decree the boundaries of the ecclesiastical provinces were already fixed, and the rights of each metropolitan, already established, were peacefully observed. The true reason, then, why Rusticus wrote to Leo also about those doubts which had been defined in the Gallican synods was this: that a more certain definition might be furnished by the authority of the apostolic see. Hence it is also evident that it was not foreign to the custom of the bishops of Gaul, after doubts had been resolved in Gallican councils, to consult the Roman see, because they had learned from the tradition of their forebears how much its authority and judgement excel, and how great a certainty it brings about in doubtful matters.

8. Ex constituto etiam hujus epistolae tempore falsa deteguntur illa duo, quae idem Quesnellus in confirmationem anni abs se asserti conferre posse existimavit. Primo enim intelligamus gesta quae in episcoporum honoratorumque examine ob Sabiniani et Leonis presbyterorum causam confecta initio epistolae memorantur, non pertinere ad synodum Arausicanam I an. 441, neque ad Vasensem I an. 442, quibus, ipso observante Quesnello, Rusticus eorum presbyterorum episcopus non interfuit, sed ad alium conventum, fortassis Narbonensem, habitum paulo ante hanc epistolam ad Rusticum, id est sub an. 458. Hinc Baluzius in nova Conciliorum collectione Narbonense concilium, in quo eorum presbyterorum causa cognita fuerit, jure astruxit, et solum perperam istud affixit anno 452. Dein cum haec epistola ad Rusticum tam sero fuerit scripta, dejectio illa animi, qua idem episcopus scandalorum occasione turbatus, vacationem ab episcopatus laboribus se peroptare Leoni significavit, non in initia episcopatus, nec in juventutem, ut Quesnellus putavit, sed in senectutem ejus incidit, cum gravis annis morti appropinquaret.

8. From the date established for this letter, those two points are also exposed as false which the same Quesnel thought he could bring in confirmation of the year he had asserted. For first, let us understand that the proceedings which were drawn up in the examination by the bishops and notables on account of the case of the priests Sabinianus and Leo, and which are mentioned at the beginning of the letter, do not belong to the first synod of Orange, in the year 441, nor to the first of Vaison, in the year 442, at which, as Quesnel himself observes, Rusticus, the bishop of those priests, was not present, but to another assembly, perhaps of Narbonne, held a little before this letter to Rusticus, that is, about the year 458. Hence Baluze, in his new Collection of the Councils, rightly established a council of Narbonne at which the case of those priests was heard, and only wrongly assigned it to the year 452. Then, since this letter to Rusticus was written so late, that dejection of spirit, by which the same bishop, troubled by the occurrence of scandals, told Leo that he greatly desired release from the labours of the episcopate, falls not in the beginnings of his episcopate, nor in his youth, as Quesnel thought, but in his old age, when, heavy with years, he was drawing near to death.

9. Nunc de codicibus aliquid dicendum superest. Invenimus hanc epistolam in mss. decem et septem collectionum, nimirum 1, 3 et reliquis usque ad 13, nec non in 18 et 21 usque ad 24, ac praeterea in peculiari vetustissimo ms. capituli Veronensis 58. Duobus autem modis haec in ejusmodi collectionibus praefertur, In omnibus enim collectionibus posterioribus Dionysio ipsae Rustici inquisitiones desiderantur. Dionysius scilicet omissis inquisitionibus, ipsarum loco titulos epistolae praefixit, quibus nonnumquam duas Leonis responsiones in unum minus apte copulavit, ut suo loco notabimus. Hos eosdem Dionysii titulos tantum nacti sumus in codicibus aliarum posteriorum collectionum Hispanicae, Hadrianeae, etc., quae hanc epistolam e Dionysio recepisse noscuntur. Hos titulos nos cum Quesnello in praemissa synopsi exhibebimus. Inquisitiones vero, sine quibus plerumque Leonis responsa intelligi nequeunt, Sirmondus primus edidit. Eas nos in quatuor collectionibus mss. Dionysio antiquioribus reperimus, scilicet in cod. Vat. Reginae collect. 1, in Vat. et Barber. collect. 3, in Lucensi collect. 4, in Vindebon. collect. 5, ac tandem in peculiari ms. Veron. 58. Ita praeter codices posteriorum collectionum, quae inquisitionibus carent, sex praestantissima diversae originis exemplaria inquisitionibus praedita nobis praesto fuere, cum Quesnellus duo tantum unius collectionis 5 invenire potuerit.

9. It remains now to say something about the manuscripts. We have found this letter in manuscripts of seventeen collections, namely 1, 3 and the rest up to 13, and also in 18 and in 21 to 24, and besides in the special and very ancient manuscript 58 of the chapter of Verona. It is presented in two ways in such collections. For in all the collections later than Dionysius, Rusticus's inquiries themselves are missing. Dionysius, that is, leaving out the inquiries, prefixed headings to the letter in their place, in which he sometimes joined two of Leo's answers into one less fittingly, as we shall note in its place. These same headings of Dionysius, and only these, we have found in the manuscripts of the other later collections, the Spanish, the Hadrianic, etc., which are known to have taken this letter from Dionysius. These headings we shall display, with Quesnel, in the synopsis placed before [the letter]. The inquiries, however, without which Leo's answers for the most part cannot be understood, Sirmond first published. We have found them in four manuscript collections older than Dionysius, namely in the Vatican manuscript of the Queen, collection 1, in the Vatican and Barberini [manuscripts] of collection 3, in the Lucca [manuscript] of collection 4, in the Vienna [manuscript] of collection 5, and finally in the special Verona manuscript 58. Thus, besides the manuscripts of the later collections, which lack the inquiries, six most excellent copies of different origin, furnished with the inquiries, were at hand for us, whereas Quesnel could find only two, of the one collection 5.

Synopsis. (Ex Dionysio Exiguo). — I. Quod non habeantur episcopi quos nec clerus elegit, nec populus exquisivit, nec provinciales episcopi consecrarunt. Si

Synopsis (from Dionysius Exiguus). — I. That those are not to be held bishops whom neither the clergy elected, nor the people sought, nor the bishops of the province consecrated. If […]

(b) continued from under col 1197 at the head of this column's footnotes; its call is in col 1197, set in n1197.

(c) ‹rata potest› · printed under col 1198

Ita codices. Quesnellus, talis ordinatio haberi.

So the manuscripts. Quesnel, talis ordinatio haberi.

(d) ‹si in aliqua crimine› · printed under col 1198

Ita mss. et Justellus in titulis collectioni praemissis. Quesnellus cum Justelliano titulo corpori canonum inserto, prolapsi.

So the manuscripts, and Justel in the headings placed before the collection. Quesnel, with the Justellian heading inserted in the body of canons, prolapsi.

(e) ‹filiam suam› · printed under col 1198, running over to the footnotes of col 1199

Retinuimus lectionem titulorum Dionysii, licet cohaerentius textui Leonino Quesnellus cum Justelliano titulo corpori canonum inserto ediderit, in matrimonium concubinam habenti tradiderit.

We have kept the reading of Dionysius's headings, although Quesnel, with the Justellian heading inserted in the body of canons, printed, more consistently with Leo's text, in matrimonium concubinam habenti tradiderit.

qui tamen clerici ab his pseudo episcopis ordinantur, rata potest ordinatio talis existere. — II. Quod presbyteri aut diaconi, si in aliqua crimine detecti fuerint, non possint per manus impositionem poenitentiae remedium consequi. — III. Quod diaconi, sicut episcopus et presbyter, cessare debeant ab opere conjugali, non tamen repudiare conjugia. — IV. Quod aliud sit uxor, aliud concubina; nec erret quisquis filiam suam in matrimonium tradiderit ei

[…] any clerics, however, are ordained by these pseudo-bishops, such an ordination can stand as valid. — II. That priests or deacons, if they have been detected in some crime, cannot obtain the remedy of penance through the imposition of hands. — III. That deacons, like the bishop and the priest, must refrain from conjugal intercourse, yet not repudiate their marriages. — IV. That a wife is one thing, a concubine another; and that he does not err, whoever gives his daughter in marriage to one […]

(e) continued from col 1198, set in n1198

(a) ‹quando ancilla› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Alias, relicta.

Otherwise, "relicta" [left behind].

(b) ‹duplicatio. — VI.› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Sic codd. ex Dionysii titulis. Quesnellus cum Justelliano titulo corpori canonum inserto: De communione privatis, et ita defunctis.

So the codices, from the titles of Dionysius. Quesnel, with the Justellian title inserted in the body of the canons: "Concerning those deprived of communion, and who have died so."

(c) ‹veniam poscit, etiam› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Ita Dionysius. Alias, multis, vel a multis licitis.

So Dionysius. Otherwise "multis" [from many], or "a multis licitis" [from many lawful things].

(d) ‹monachi deseruerit,› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Al., publica sit satisfactione

Otherwise, "publica sit satisfactione" [is to be (purged) by public satisfaction].

(e) ‹fuerint consecratae.› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Mss. collect. Hispanicae cum caeteris inde profectis et editis Leonis ante Quesnellum addunt alium titulum : De his quae jam consecratae sunt si postea nupserint. De hac additione plura dicentur annot. 76 (Infra col. 1207, n. (k).

The manuscripts of the Hispanic collection, with the others derived from it and the editions of Leo before Quesnel, add another title: "Concerning those who have already been consecrated, if they afterwards marry." More will be said of this addition in annotation 76 (below, col. 1207, note (k).

(f) ‹— XIV.› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Praetulimus titulum tabulae Dionysianae. Al., De his de quibus dubium est utrum baptisma perceperint, necesse est ut renascantur.

We have preferred the title of the Dionysian table. Otherwise: "Concerning those about whom it is doubtful whether they have received baptism, it is necessary that they be reborn."

(g) ‹sed in qua› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Al., fide, vel fidei professione ; et mox, suscipiantur, pro suscipi conveniat.

Otherwise "fide" [faith], or "fidei professione" [profession of faith]; and just after, "suscipiantur" [let them be received] for "suscipi conveniat" [it is fitting that they be received].

(h) ‹— XVI.› · printed under col 1199 (call in the editors' synopsis)

Aliqui codd., De baptizatis qui, etc.

Some codices: "Concerning the baptized who", etc.

(i) ‹Leo episcopus› · printed under col 1199

Confer notam 1 Quesnelli cum nostra admonitione et cum observationibus eidem notae subjiciendis.

Compare Quesnel's note 1 with our admonition and with the observations to be appended to that same note.

(j) ‹tuae, quas› · printed under col 1199

De hoc Hermete vide quae indicavimus in admonit. num. 2 et 6, ac notam 2 Quesnelli. Mox, tuus deest in ms. Florentino collect. 13 et in editione Justelli.

On this Hermes see what we have pointed out in the admonition, nos. 2 and 6, and Quesnel's note 2. Just after, "tuus" [your] is missing in the Florentine manuscript of collection 13 and in Justel's edition.

(k) printed under this column; its call is in col 1200, set in n1200 (l) printed under this column; its call is in col 1200, set in n1200 (m) printed under this column; its call is in col 1200, set in n1200 (n) printed under this column (running on under col 1200); its call is in col 1200, set in n1200

qui habuit concubinam. — V. Quod non sit conjugii duplicatio, quando ancilla rejecta, uxor assumitur. — VI. De his qui communione privantur, et ita moriuntur. — VII. De his qui poenitentiam agere differunt. — VIII. Quod oporteat eum qui pro illicitis veniam poscit, etiam a licitis abstinere. — IX. Quod poenitenti nulla negotiationis lucra exercere conveniat. — X. Quod ad militiam saecularem post poenitentiam redire non debeat. — XI. Quod adolescens, si urgente quocumque periculo, poenitentiam gessit, et non se continet, uxoris possit remedio sustineri. — XII. Quod si quis propositum monachi deseruerit, publicae sit poenitentiae satisfactione purgandus. — XIII. Quod puellae, quae non coactae, sed voluntate propria virginitatis propositum susceperunt, peccant, si nupserint, licet nondum fuerint consecratae. — XIV. De his qui dubitant utrum baptizati sint, necesse est eos baptizari. — XV. Quod eos qui se baptizatos agnoscunt, sed in qua professione nesciunt, per manus impositionem suscipi conveniat. — XVI. De his qui convivio gentilium et escis immolatitiis usi sunt.

[…] who has had a concubine. — V. That it is not a doubling of marriage when, a handmaid having been put away, a wife is taken. — VI. Concerning those who are deprived of communion, and die so. — VII. Concerning those who put off doing penance. — VIII. That he who asks pardon for unlawful things ought also to abstain from lawful ones. — IX. That it is not fitting for a penitent to pursue any gains of trade. — X. That he ought not to return to secular military service after penance. — XI. That a young man, if under the pressure of some danger or other he has done penance, and does not contain himself, may be sustained by the remedy of a wife. — XII. That if anyone has abandoned the resolve of a monk, he is to be purged by the satisfaction of public penance. — XIII. That girls who, not under compulsion but of their own will, have taken up the resolve of virginity, sin if they marry, even though they have not yet been consecrated. — XIV. Concerning those who doubt whether they have been baptized: it is necessary that they be baptized. — XV. That it is fitting that those who know they have been baptized, but do not know in what profession, be received by the laying on of hands. — XVI. Concerning those who have partaken of a feast of the gentiles and of foods offered to idols.

(k) ‹quidem causarum› · printed under col 1199

Cod. Vat. Hisp. cum aliis inde profectis, non tamen purior Vindebon. Hisp., addit provinciarum. Paulo post duo Vat., intercurrente undique sollicitudine.

The Vatican codex of the Hispanic [collection], with others derived from it, though not the purer Vienna Hispanic, adds "provinciarum" [of the provinces]. A little after, two Vatican [codices]: "intercurrente undique sollicitudine" [amid care running in from every side].

(l) ‹tui allegatione› · printed under col 1199

Vulg. ante Quesn., comperta, quod in ms. Vercellensi collectionis Hadrian. reperimus. De gestis quae subindicantur. vide admonitionem num. 7.

The common text before Quesnel has "comperta" [ascertained], which we found in the Vercelli manuscript of the Hadrianic collection. On the proceedings which are alluded to, see the admonition, no. 7.

(m) ‹recensitis,› · printed under col 1199

Vindebon. collect. 5 et quinque Vat. cum Merlino, Saviniano.

The Vienna [codex] of collection 5 and five Vatican [codices], with Merlin: "Saviniano".

(n) ‹presbyteris› · printed under col 1199, running on under col 1200

Ita Quesnellus emendavit auctoritate quinque suorum codicum Grim., Barb. et trium Thuan., cum antea legeretur actionis suae. Haec quidem postrema lectio congruentior videri potest, eo quod de actione judiciali sermo sit, quam non Rus⟨t⟩icus, sed Sabinianus ac Leo presbyteri adversus quosdam adulteros pudicitiae zelo intentarunt. Hanc Tillemontius etiam praetulit in notatiuncula ad Rustici Vitam pag. 404, quoad satis aequus Quesnellianae lectionis sensus non afferatur. Nos inter haec observavimus vulgatam lectionem anteriorem Quesnello proficisci ex codd. collect. Hispanicae originis Gallicanae, in quibus arbitrariae emendationes locum habuerunt, ut alibi pluribus exemplis annotavimus. Invenitur enim haec lectio in Vat. Hisp. ejus originis, in Vat. Isid. et in aliis ex eodem fonte profectis. At Quesnellianam lectionem uniformiter exhibent non solum mss. exemplaria vetustissimarum diversae originis, collectionum 1, 3, 4 et 5, nec non cod. Veron. 58, in quibus integra haec epistola cum inquisitionibus continetur, verum etiam codices collect. Dionys. et Hadrian. cum Justelli exemplo, mss. Grim, collect. 18, Vat. collect. 24, et (quod notabilins est) codex Vindebon. purioris collectionis Hisp., ex quo arbitraria correctio in Gallicanos ejusdem collectionis codices inducta confirmari videtur. Hinc ergo Quesnellianam lectionem tanta auctoritate suffultam haud deserendam credidimus, licet quae ei subsit sententia ex ignorantia facti et circumstantiarum lateat. Forte Rustico aeque ac Sabiniano et Leoni privatum perspectum erat adulterii crimen : unde hi sperabant fore ut idem Rusticus, quamvis in episcoporum honoratorumque consessu judicis personam gereret, actionem quoque suam contra adulteros, seu favorem accusatoribus impenderet. Cum vero satis idoneae probationes istis deessent, ita ut se ab inchoatis disceptationibus sponte subtraxerint, Rusticus ne dum ipsis favere non potuit, sed eosdem correctione dignos ex legibus censuit : in quo mitius ei agendum S. pontifex respondet.

So Quesnel emended on the authority of five of his codices, the Grimani, the Barberini and three of de Thou's, whereas before it was read "actionis suae" [of their own action]. This latter reading may indeed seem more fitting, because the talk is of a judicial action, which not Rusticus but the presbyters Sabinianus and Leo brought against certain adulterers out of zeal for chastity. Tillemont too preferred it in a short note on the Life of Rusticus, p. 404, inasmuch as no sufficiently fair sense of Quesnel's reading is offered. We, meanwhile, have observed that the common reading prior to Quesnel comes from codices of the Hispanic collection of Gallican origin, in which arbitrary emendations have found a place, as we have noted elsewhere with many examples. For this reading is found in the Vatican Hispanic [codex] of that origin, in the Vatican Isidorian, and in others derived from the same source. But Quesnel's reading is shown uniformly not only by the manuscript copies of the most ancient collections of different origin, 1, 3, 4 and 5, and also by the Verona codex 58, in which this letter is contained entire with the inquiries, but also by the codices of the Dionysian and Hadrianic collections with Justel's copy, the Grimani manuscripts, collection 18, the Vatican [manuscript] of collection 24, and (what is more notable) the Vienna codex of the purer Hispanic collection, from which the arbitrary correction introduced into the Gallican codices of the same collection seems to be confirmed [as such]. Hence, therefore, we have judged that Quesnel's reading, supported by such great authority, is by no means to be abandoned, although the meaning underlying it is hidden through ignorance of the fact and the circumstances. Perhaps the crime of adultery was privately known to Rusticus just as to Sabinianus and Leo: whence these hoped that the same Rusticus, although in the session of the bishops and honorati he bore the person of judge, would also lend his own action against the adulterers, or his favour to the accusers. But since sufficiently suitable proofs were lacking to them, so that they withdrew of their own accord from the disputations once begun, Rusticus not only could not favour them, but judged them deserving of correction according to the laws: in which the holy pontiff replies that he should deal more gently.

(o) ‹disceptationibus sponte› · printed under col 1200

Ita reposuimus cum Sirmondo ex mss. collect. 4 et 5 Hisp, Isid., uno Vercell. et quinque aliis codicibus, inter quos antiquissimus Veron. 58. Tres ms. libri collect. Hadrianeae, et unus Corb. Quesnelli cum Justello, subtraxerunt. Vat. Dionysii cum Merlino et editis Leonis ante Quesn., subduxerint. Quesn cum quibusdam mss., subduxerunt.

So we have restored, with Sirmond, from the manuscripts of collections 4 and 5, the Hispanic, the Isidorian, one Vercelli and five other codices, among which is the very ancient Verona 58. Three manuscript books of the Hadrianic collection, and one Corbie [codex] of Quesnel's, with Justel: "subtraxerunt" [they withdrew]. The Vatican [codex] of Dionysius with Merlin and the editions of Leo before Quesnel: "subduxerint" [they took themselves away]. Quesnel with certain manuscripts: "subduxerunt".

(p) ‹zelo, mitius› · printed under col 1200

Duo Vat., age; et post pauca, adulterorum pro adulterii.

Two Vatican [codices]: "age" [deal]; and a little after, "adulterorum" [of the adulterers] for "adulterii" [of adultery].

(q) ‹adversitate› · printed under col 1200

Justellus cum uno Thuan. Quesnelli, et cum Vat. Hisp. et Isid., titubare.

Justel with one of Quesnel's de Thou [codices], and with the Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian: "titubare" [to waver].

(r) ‹ab episcopatus› · printed under col 1200

Veronensis addit tui. Vide not. 4 Quesnelli. Paulo post pro vitam degere idem cod. Veron. habet, vitam dirigere, et post pauca pro commissa sunt habet permissa sunt, ut indicentur ea quae inter difficultates de quibus Rusticus conquerebatur eidem permissa erant.

The Verona [codex] adds "tui" [of your]. See Quesnel's note 4. A little after, for "vitam degere" [to spend life] the same Verona codex has "vitam dirigere" [to direct life], and a little after, for "commissa sunt" [have been entrusted] it has "permissa sunt" [have been permitted], so that those things may be indicated which had been permitted to him amid the difficulties of which Rusticus was complaining.

(a) ‹omnes qui› · printed under col 1201

Utrique codd. Hisp. cum Vat. Isid. et duobus aliis mss., volunt. Mox Vat. Hisp. et Isid., patiuntur, idque ipsum alia manu scriptum legitur in Vindeb. collect. 5 cum prima manu scriptum esset, patientur. Merlinus cum editis ante Quesn., Omnis qui voluerit, et dein patietur.

Both Hispanic codices, with the Vatican Isidorian and two other manuscripts: "volunt" [will]. Just after, the Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian: "patiuntur" [suffer], and this very reading is found written by another hand in the Vienna [codex] of collection 5, whereas the first hand had written "patientur" [shall suffer]. Merlin, with the editions before Quesnel: "Omnis qui voluerit" [Everyone who will], and then "patietur" [shall suffer].

(b) ‹ignibus› · printed under col 1201

Quinque praetantissimi codd. Vat. Reg. collect. 1, Barb. collect. 3, Vindebon. collect. 5, Grim. collect. 18 et Veron. 58, agitatur. Post pauca persecutionem saeculi suppleant in eodem cod. Veronensi. Dein pro inobedientium cod. Vict. Quesnelli, et noster Veron., inobedientia.

Five most excellent codices, the Vatican of the Queen of collection 1, the Barberini of collection 3, the Vienna of collection 5, the Grimani of collection 18 and the Verona 58: "agitatur" [is carried on]. A little after, "persecutionem saeculi suppleant" [make up the persecution of the world] in the same Verona codex. Then, for "inobedientium" [of the disobedient], Quesnel's St Victor codex, and our Verona: "inobedientia" [disobedience].

(c) ‹cum omnia semper› · printed under col 1201

Vulg. ante Quesn. cum mss. Lucensi collect. 4 et Vat. collect. 24 addunt Ecclesiae. Post pauca Justellus cum Vat. Dionysii, utrisque Hisp. Vat., Isid. aliisque non paucis nostri codd. et quatuor Thuaneis Quesnelli, conflictatione pro a tentatione. Cod. Vat. collect. 24 addit hic ante voces a tentatione.

The common text before Quesnel, with the Lucca manuscript of collection 4 and the Vatican of collection 24, adds "Ecclesiae" [of the Church]. A little after, Justel with the Vatican of Dionysius, both Vatican Hispanic [codices], the Isidorian and not a few others of our codices, and four of Quesnel's de Thou codices: "conflictatione" [from conflict] for "a tentatione" [from temptation]. The Vatican codex of collection 24 adds "hic" [here] before the words "a tentatione".

(d) ‹si pastoris› · printed under col 1201

Vat. Dionysii et Justellus, pastorum. Dein ex emendatioribus codicibus correximus abducat pro adducat.

The Vatican of Dionysius and Justel: "pastorum" [of the shepherds]. Then from the more correct codices we have corrected "abducat" [draws away] for "adducat" [draws towards].

(e) ‹clementia.› · printed under col 1201

Dist. 86, Odio habeantur, c. 2.

Distinction 86, "Odio habeantur", c. 2.

(f) ‹homines.› · printed under col 1201

Ms. Vat. collect. 24, nunc corripiantur tumidi, nunc tolerentur infirmi. Unus cod. Vercell. per errorem utrobique habet Nec pro Nunc. Paulo post pro in peccatis codd. Barb. collect. 3 et Vindebon. collect. 5 habent in peccantibus. Utrumque deletur in Vat. Dionysii, in Veron. 58, et in Vat. Hisp. ac Isid., non tamen in puriori Vindebonensi Hisp.

The Vatican manuscript of collection 24: "nunc corripiantur tumidi, nunc tolerentur infirmi" [now let the swollen be rebuked, now let the weak be borne with]. One Vercelli codex by mistake has "Nec" for "Nunc" in both places. A little after, for "in peccatis" [in sins] the Barberini codex of collection 3 and the Vienna of collection 5 have "in peccantibus" [in those who sin]. Both are deleted in the Vatican of Dionysius, in the Verona 58, and in the Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian, but not in the purer Vienna Hispanic.

(g) ‹medentis.› · printed under col 1201, running on under col 1202

Editi, At si. Melior visa est lectio mss. Vat. Reg., Veronen. et utriusque Vindebon. collect. 5 et Hisp. Dein Quesnellus, quasi ulli. Id in duobus tantum codd. reperimus. Revocavimus autem lectionem ante vulgatorum, quam caetera melioris notae exemplaria tuentur. Vat. Hisp. et Isid. voces ulli et illi praetereunt. Mox editi ante Quesn. habebant cum ms. Vat. collect. 24, propriis sit viribus resistendum Hanc lectionem libenter inseruissemus textui, nisi alii omnes codices Quesnelli emendationem probarent.

The editions: "At si" [But if]. The reading of the manuscripts, the Vatican of the Queen, the Verona and both Vienna [codices], of collection 5 and the Hispanic, seemed better. Then Quesnel: "quasi ulli" [as though to any]. This we found in two codices only. We have, however, restored the reading of the earlier printed texts, which the other copies of better mark uphold. The Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian pass over the words "ulli" and "illi". Just after, the editions before Quesnel had, with the Vatican manuscript of collection 24: "propriis sit viribus resistendum" [it must be resisted by our own strength]. This reading we would gladly have inserted into the text, had not all the other codices approved Quesnel's emendation.

(g) continued from col 1201, set in n1201

(h) ‹sit Christus,› · printed under col 1202

Editi Leonis ante Quesn. cum Merlino et Vat. collect. 24, ut sine quo. In Vindebon. Hisp., cum per errorem desideretur ac, vel saltem ut, emendatum fuit in Vat. Hisp., et exinde in Isid. aliisque ejusdem originis codicibus, sine quo nihil possumus, sed per ipsum cuncta possumus. Justellus, servata lectione textus, habet cuncta possumus.

The editions of Leo before Quesnel, with Merlin and the Vatican of collection 24: "ut sine quo" [that without Whom]. In the Vienna Hispanic, since "ac", or at least "ut", is missing by error, it was emended in the Vatican Hispanic, and thence in the Isidorian and other codices of the same origin: "sine quo nihil possumus, sed per ipsum cuncta possumus" [without Whom we can do nothing, but through Him we can do all things]. Justel, keeping the reading of the text, has "cuncta possumus" [we can do all things].

(i) ‹In hoc autem› · printed under col 1202; the call is not printed in the text

Vulgati anteriores Quesnello cum Vat. collect. 24, In mundo autem. Mox pro bono animo estote ms. Vat. Dionysii cum Vat. Hisp. et Isid. aliisque nonnullis codd. habet confidite. Dein, quia vici, omisso pronomine ego, est in Vat. Hisp. ac Isid.

The printed texts before Quesnel, with the Vatican of collection 24: "In mundo autem" [But in the world]. Just after, for "bono animo estote" [be of good heart] the Vatican manuscript of Dionysius, with the Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian and some other codices, has "confidite" [have confidence]. Then "quia vici" [for I have overcome], with the pronoun "ego" [I] omitted, is in the Vatican Hispanic and the Isidorian.

(j) ‹archidiaconus› · printed under col 1202

In Vat. Dionysii deest tuus. Dein voces de singulis a Quesnello insertas non tantum invenimus in posteriorum collectionum mss., verum etiam in antiquissimis Vat. Reg. collect. 1, Barb. collect. 3 et Vindebon. collect. 5. Desunt tamen in mss. Lucensi collect. 4, Veronensi 58, in Vat. Dionysii, in utrisque Hisp., in Vat. Isid. et in alio Vat. collect. 24. Mox copiam praebuisses pro copia proveniret in utrisque Hisp. et in Vat. Isid.

In the Vatican of Dionysius "tuus" [your] is missing. Then the words "de singulis" [point by point], inserted by Quesnel, we have found not only in the manuscripts of the later collections, but also in the most ancient, the Vatican of the Queen of collection 1, the Barberini of collection 3 and the Vienna of collection 5. They are missing, however, in the manuscripts Lucca of collection 4 and Verona 58, in the Vatican of Dionysius, in both Hispanic [codices], in the Vatican Isidorian and in another Vatican of collection 24. Just after, "copiam praebuisses" [you had furnished the opportunity] for "copia proveniret" [the opportunity should come] in both Hispanic [codices] and in the Vatican Isidorian.

(k) ‹cum quaedam› · printed under col 1202

Codd. Vat. Hisp., Isid. ac tres alii cum Justello, interrogationis modum videantur excedere. Vindebon. Hisp. cum Vat. Dionysii omittit tantum vocem diligentiae.

The Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian codices and three others, with Justel: "interrogationis modum videantur excedere" [seem to exceed the measure of a question]. The Vienna Hispanic with the Vatican of Dionysius omits only the word "diligentiae" [of diligence].

(l) ‹scriptis. Quia› · printed under col 1202

Dist. 14, Sicut quaedam, c. 2

Distinction 14, "Sicut quaedam", c. 2.

(m) ‹nulla possunt› · printed under col 1202

Codd. Grim. et Vat. collect. 24, traditione. Dein pro necessitudine rerum, erat in editis Leonis ante Quesn. In margine editionis Sirmondi temporum pro rerum, et consideratione pro conditione.

The Grimani codex and the Vatican of collection 24: "traditione" [by tradition]. Then "pro necessitudine rerum" [by the connection of circumstances] was in the editions of Leo before Quesnel. In the margin of Sirmond's edition, "temporum" [of the times] for "rerum" [of circumstances], and "consideratione" [consideration] for "conditione" [condition].

(n) ‹Patrum inveniatur› · printed under col 1202

Idem Sirmondus vocem adversum rejecit in marginem, in textu autem posuit diversum, quod nullibi invenimus.

The same Sirmond relegated the word "adversum" [opposed] to the margin, and put "diversum" [different] in the text, which we have found nowhere.

(a) ‹Incipiunt› · printed under col 1203

Hunc titulum conservavit Dionysius, licet inquisitiones omiserit. In mss. collect. 5 idem titulus legitur, omisso tantum verbo Incipiunt. In codd. Barb. et Vat. collect. 3 ac in Veronensi 58 haec epistola et inquisitiones cum responsis distincto numero describuntur. In Veronensi enim codice epistola praemissa ponitur num. 50, et inquisitiones cum responsis num. 51. In mss. autem collect. 3 epistola legitur num. 55, et inquisitiones ac responsa num. 56. In his vero mss. hic titulus habetur : Incipiunt inquisitiones, vel Inquisitiones et responsa.

This title Dionysius kept, although he omitted the inquiries. In the manuscripts of collection 5 the same title is read, with only the word "Incipiunt" [Here begin] omitted. In the Barberini and Vatican codices of collection 3 and in the Verona 58 this letter and the inquiries with their replies are copied under distinct numbers. For in the Verona codex the letter placed before is set as no. 50, and the inquiries with the replies as no. 51. In the manuscripts of collection 3, again, the letter is read as no. 55, and the inquiries and replies as no. 56. In these manuscripts, however, the title here is: "Incipiunt inquisitiones" [Here begin the inquiries], or "Inquisitiones et responsa" [Inquiries and replies].

(b) ‹Inquisitio I. —› · printed under col 1203

Ms. Vat. collect. 3 titulum Dionysianum pro hac tantum prima inquisitione exhibet, quod collectionis auctori haud tribuendum videtur. In Veronensi, De presbyteris vel diaconis qui, etc., ac similiter plurali numero in inquisitionibus sequentibus.

The Vatican manuscript of collection 3 shows the Dionysian title for this first inquiry only, which does not seem to be attributable to the compiler of the collection. In the Verona: "De presbyteris vel diaconis qui" [Concerning presbyters or deacons who], etc., and similarly in the plural number in the following inquiries.

(c) ‹Responsum. —› · printed under col 1203

Dist. 62, Nulla ratio, c. 1.

Distinction 62, "Nulla ratio", c. 1.

(d) ‹habeantur qui› · printed under col 1203

Vide not. 5 Quesn. Dein a comprovincialibus apud Justellum in editione collect. Dionysii atque Cresconii.

See Quesnel's note 5. Then "a comprovincialibus" [by the bishops of the same province] in Justel, in the edition of the collection of Dionysius and of Cresconius.

(e) ‹quod› · printed under col 1203

Sex mss. optimae notae cum Justello, non doceatur.

Six manuscripts of the best mark, with Justel: "non doceatur" [is not shown] (subjunctive).

(f) ‹collatum?› · printed under col 1203

1, qu. 1, Si qui clerici, c. 40.

[Causa] 1, question 1, "Si qui clerici", c. 40.

(g) ‹ab› · printed under col 1203

Vide not. 6 Quesn. Mox Vindeb. Hisp. delet istis, et dein cum Veronensi praeterit eis. Vat. Hisp. et Isid. cum Merlino habent, in eorum Ecclesiis. Dein quae ad proprios erat in editis ante Quesn., ita ut relativum quae ad Ecclesias referatur. Sed relativum qui plerisque codicibus vindicatum ad clericos referendum est.

See Quesnel's note 6. Just after, the Vienna Hispanic deletes "istis" [these], and then with the Verona passes over "eis" [those]. The Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian with Merlin have "in eorum Ecclesiis" [in their churches]. Then "quae ad proprios" was in the editions before Quesnel, so that the relative "quae" refers to the churches. But the relative "qui", upheld by most codices, is to be referred to the clerics.

(h) ‹vana habenda est› · printed under col 1203, running on under col 1204

Ita codd. Grim. et Thuanei duo Quesnelli, et nostri Vat. Reg. collect. 1, Vindeb. collect. 5, Vat. Dionysii Veron. 58, et alius Veron. 60 Cresconii, ac nonnulli alii. Codices vero collect. 3, utrique Hisp., Vat. Isid., unus Vercell. et quatuor alii Vat., cum Justello et ms. Cantabrig., ac tandem Veron. 60 secunda manu, consecratio. Vulgati ante Quesn. cum ms. Vat. collect. 24, ordinatio.

So the Grimani codex and two of Quesnel's de Thou codices, and our Vatican of the Queen of collection 1, the Vienna of collection 5, the Vatican of Dionysius, the Verona 58, and another Verona, 60, of Cresconius, and some others. But the codices of collection 3, both Hispanic, the Vatican Isidorian, one Vercelli and four other Vatican [codices], with Justel and the Cambridge manuscript, and finally the Verona 60 in a second hand: "consecratio" [consecration]. The printed texts before Quesnel, with the Vatican manuscript of collection 24: "ordinatio" [ordination].

(i) ‹nec› · printed under col 1204

Ita cum Quesnello mss. collect. 1, 3, 12 et 24, ac Vindebon. Hisp. Aliae editiones cum caeteris nostris codd. et apud Hincmarum opusculo 33, auctoritate.

So, with Quesnel, the manuscripts of collections 1, 3, 12 and 24, and the Vienna Hispanic. The other editions, with the rest of our codices, and in Hincmar, opusculum 33: "auctoritate" [by authority].

(j) ‹poenitentiam› · printed under col 1204

Addidimus publicam ex codd. qui inquisitiones exhibent, uti etiam eamdem vocem praefert Sirmondus, qui inquisitiones primus edidit.

We have added "publicam" [public] from the codices which show the inquiries, as Sirmond, who first edited the inquiries, also puts forward this same word.

(k) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1204

Dist. 50, Alienum est a consuetudine, c. 67.

Distinction 50, "Alienum est a consuetudine", c. 67.

(l) ‹Alienum› · printed under col 1204

Vide not. 7 Quesn. Post pauca, Qui presbyteralem honorem aut diaconi gradum fuerunt consecuti in Vat. collect. 24.

See Quesnel's note 7. A little after, "Qui presbyteralem honorem aut diaconi gradum fuerunt consecuti" [Who have attained the honour of the presbyterate or the rank of deacon] in the Vatican of collection 24.

(h) continued from col 1203, set in n1203

(i) printed under this column; its call is in col 1203, set in n1203 (j) printed under this column; its call is in col 1203, set in n1203 (k) printed under this column; its call is in col 1203, set in n1203 (l) printed under this column; its call is in col 1203, set in n1203

(m) ‹privata› · printed under col 1204

Cod Vat. collect. 3, est exspectanda secessio, ut illis. Cod. Veron. 60 Cresconii, uti in illis.

The Vatican codex of collection 3: "est exspectanda secessio, ut illis" [a withdrawal is to be awaited, so that for them]. The Verona codex 60 of Cresconius: "uti in illis" [so that in them].

(n) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1204

Dist. 31, Lex continentiae, c. 10.

Distinction 31, "Lex continentiae", c. 10.

(o) ‹Lex continentiae› · printed under col 1204

Vide not. 8 Quesn.

See Quesnel's note 8.

(p) ‹ad praedictos› · printed under col 1204

Editi ante Quesn. cum Vindeb. Hisp. et Vat. collect. 11, pervenerint.

The editions before Quesnel, with the Vienna Hispanic and the Vatican of collection 11: "pervenerint" [they have arrived] (subjunctive).

(q) ‹oportet eos› · printed under col 1204

Vide not. 9 Quesn.

See Quesnel's note 9.

(r) ‹salva sit charitas› · printed under col 1204

Al., conjugiorum Mox Vat. collect. 11 cum Vulgatis Quesnello anterioribus, cessent opera. Justellus cum mss. Vat. Dionys. et aliis Hadrian., cesset operatio.

Otherwise "conjugiorum" [of the marriages]. Just after, the Vatican of collection 11, with the printed texts earlier than Quesnel: "cessent opera" [the works cease]. Justel, with the Vatican manuscripts of Dionysius and other Hadrianic ones: "cesset operatio" [the operation cease].

(s) ‹illi viro› · printed under col 1204

Cod. Veron. 58, in conjugio junxerit.

The Verona codex 58: "in conjugio junxerit" [has joined in marriage].

(t) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1204

32, qu. 2, Non omnis, c. 12.

[Causa] 32, question 2, "Non omnis", c. 12.

(u) ‹Non omnis› · printed under col 1204

Duo Vat. collect. 21, mulier jure uxor est viri.

Two Vatican [codices] of collection 21: "mulier jure uxor est viri" [a woman is by right the man's wife].

(v) ‹inter aequales;› · printed under col 1204; the call in the text is printed "(o)"

Justellus cum quatuor nostris codd. addit conjunctionem et. Dein, exstiterit pro existeret in cod. Vat. collect. 11.

Justel, with four of our codices, adds the conjunction "et" [and]. Then "exstiterit" [came to exist] (perfect) for "existeret" in the Vatican codex of collection 11.

(x) ‹ancillae› · printed under col 1204

Codd. Vindeb. Hisp. et Vat. collect. 11 cum vulgatis ante Quesn., cum filio liberae. Unde, etc.

The Vienna Hispanic codex and the Vatican of collection 11, with the printed texts before Quesnel: "cum filio liberae" [with the son of the free woman]. "Unde", etc.

(y) ‹Unde› · printed under col 1204

27, qu. 2, Cum societas, c. 17 ; et in Decret. IV. l. VI.

[Causa] 27, question 2, "Cum societas", c. 17; and in the Decretals, IV, l. VI.

(z) ‹et Ecclesiae› · printed under col 1204, running on under col 1205

Vide not. 10 Quesn. Dein, in qua non docetur nuptiale fuisse mysterium est in Vat. collect. 11 et antiquioribus Vulgatis. Codices Vat. Hisp et Isid., qui sequuntur lectionem textus, pro mysterium babent ministerium.

See Quesnel's note 10. Then "in qua non docetur nuptiale fuisse mysterium" [in which the nuptial mystery is not shown to have been] is in the Vatican of collection 11 and the older printed texts. The Vatican Hispanic and Isidorian codices, which follow the reading of the text, have "ministerium" [ministry] for "mysterium" [mystery].

(z) continued from col 1204, set in n1204

(a) ‹mysterium.› · printed under col 1205

Cod. Lucensis collect. 4, omissis verbis Igitur cujuslibet loci clericus, periodum sic incipit : Si quis igitur filiam suam.

The Lucca codex of collection 4, omitting the words "Igitur cujuslibet loci clericus" [Therefore a cleric of any place whatever], begins the sentence thus: "Si quis igitur filiam suam" [If anyone therefore (has given) his daughter].

(b) ‹nisi forte› · printed under col 1205

Ms. Veron. 58, ea mulier ingenua facta... Honesta videatur. Alius Veron, Cresc. 60 prima manu, honesta ; secunda vero manu, honestata.

The Verona manuscript 58: "ea mulier ingenua facta... Honesta videatur" [that woman made free... should appear honourable]. The other Verona, 60 of Cresconius, in the first hand: "honesta" [honourable]; but in the second hand, "honestata" [honoured].

(c) ‹Inquis. V. —› · printed under col 1205

Sex nostri codices, qui inquisitiones praeferunt, hoc membrum a superiori distinguunt, cum in aliis exemplaribus, quae inquisitionibus carent, ex Dionysio istud cum antecedenti, conjungatur ; sed perperam, ut apud Quesnellum videre licebit not. 11 Mss. Lucens. collect. 4 et Vindeb. collect. 5, in ipsa inquisitione delent viris.

Six of our codices, which show the inquiries, separate this clause from the preceding one, whereas in other copies, which lack the inquiries, it is joined, following Dionysius, with the preceding one; but wrongly, as may be seen in Quesnel, note 11. The Lucca manuscript of collection 4 and the Vienna of collection 5 delete "viris" [men] in the inquiry itself.

(d) ‹in matrimonio› · printed under col 1205

Cod. Vat. Reginae, non fuerint. Porro in omnibus editionibus et in mss. codd. qui inquisitiones praetermittunt, ac etiam in illis collect. 5, licet inquisitiones praeferant, post voces non fuerunt haec subjiciuntur, quia aliud est nupta, aliud concubina. Haec autem verba nos auctoritate caeterorum codicum inquisitiones praeferentium rejecimus in initium sequentis responsi, ad quod sane ex ipso contextu pertinere noscuntur.

The Vatican codex of the Queen: "non fuerint" [were not] (subjunctive). Moreover, in all the editions and in the manuscript codices which omit the inquiries, and also in those of collection 5, although they show the inquiries, after the words "non fuerunt" this is added: "quia aliud est nupta, aliud concubina" [since a married woman is one thing, a concubine another]. These words, however, on the authority of the other codices which show the inquiries, we have moved to the beginning of the following reply, to which they are plainly known from the context itself to belong.

(e) ‹concubina› · printed under col 1205

31, qu. 2, Ancillam a toro, c. 11,

[Causa] 31, question 2, "Ancillam a toro", c. 11.

(f) ‹ancillam› · printed under col 1205

Cresconius etiam in ms. Veron., ancillam matrona accepta abjicere.

Cresconius also, in the Verona manuscript: "ancillam matrona accepta abjicere" [to cast out the handmaid once a matron has been taken].

(g) ‹et› · printed under col 1205

Cod. Lucensis collect. 4, cum se levaverint. Veron. 58, cum relevati fuerint.

The Lucca codex of collection 4: "cum se levaverint" [when they have raised themselves up]. Verona 58: "cum relevati fuerint" [when they have been relieved].

(h) ‹Culpanda est› · printed under col 1205, running on under col 1206

Vide not. 12 Quesn. Cod. Vat. Dionysii cum Cresconio et uno Vercell. Hadrian., culpanda sit sane talium negligentia, sed non penitus desperanda. Eadem lectio est in alio Vercell., Hadrian, et Vindebon. Hisp., atque in Vulgatis Leonis ante Quesn., excepto sit, pro quo habent est. Dionysius Justelli et Sirmondus lectionis textus, quae est in aliis plerisque et praestantioribus codd. tum nostris tum Quesnelli, post voces culpanda est addunt sane.

See Quesnel's note 12. The Vatican codex of Dionysius, with Cresconius and one Hadrianic Vercelli codex: "culpanda sit sane talium negligentia, sed non penitus desperanda" [the negligence of such men should indeed be blamed, but they are not to be wholly despaired of]. The same reading is in another Vercelli, the Hadrianic, and in the Vienna Hispanic, and in the printed texts of Leo before Quesnel, except "sit", for which they have "est". Justel's Dionysius and Sirmond, [following] the reading of the text, which is in most other and better codices, both ours and Quesnel's, add "sane" [indeed] after the words "culpanda est".

(i) ‹Nemo enim› · printed under col 1206

De Poenit., dist. 7, Nemo desperandus. c, 1.

On Penance, distinction 7, "Nemo desperandus", c. 1.

(j) ‹Inquis. VIII. —› · printed under col 1206

24, qu. 2, De communione privatis, c. 1.

[Causa] 24, question 2, "De communione privatis", c. 1.

(k) ‹De his qui› · printed under col 1206

Sirmondus et Quesnellus inserunt animo. Delevimus auctoritate nostrorum codicum.

Sirmond and Quesnel insert "animo" [in spirit]. We have deleted it on the authority of our codices.

(l) ‹Horum causa› · printed under col 1206

Confer not. 13 Quesn.

Compare Quesnel's note 13.

(m) ‹remedium› · printed under col 1206

Unus cod. Vercell., differatur. Alius Vercell. et secunda manu in Veron. 60 Cresc., non differretur. Justellus, non differatur. Paulo post, non communicamus in Veron. 58.

One Vercelli codex: "differatur" [should be put off] (present). Another Vercelli, and the Verona 60 of Cresconius in the second hand: "non differretur" [should not be put off]. Justel: "non differatur". A little after, "non communicamus" [we do not communicate] in Verona 58.

(h) continued from col 1205, set in n1205

(i) printed under this column; its call is in col 1205, set in n1205 (j) printed under this column; its call is in col 1205, set in n1205 (k) printed under this column; its call is in col 1205, set in n1205 (l) printed under this column; its call is in col 1205, set in n1205 (m) printed under this column; its call is in col 1205, set in n1205

(n) ‹dolore› · printed under col 1206

Cod. Lucensis collect. 4 et Veron., 58, nimis perurgente. Mox in eodem Veron., parvus fuerit pro parum perquieverit.

The Lucca codex of collection 4 and the Verona 58: "nimis perurgente" [pressing too much]. Just after, in the same Verona, "parvus fuerit" [has been slight] for "parum perquieverit" [has abated a little].

(o) ‹Unde› · printed under col 1206

De Poenit., dist. 1, Poenitentia quae, c. 62.

On Penance, distinction 1, "Poenitentia quae", c. 62.

(p) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1206

De Poenit., dist. 1, Aliud quidem est. c. 65 ; et 11, qu. 1. c. 34, juste.

On Penance, distinction 1, "Aliud quidem est", c. 65; and [Causa] 11, question 1, c. 34: "juste" [justly].

(q) ‹debita› · printed under col 1206

Vat. Reg. collect. 1, juste.

The Vatican of the Queen of collection 1: "juste" [justly].

(r) ‹oportet› · printed under col 1206; the call in the text is printed "(a)"

Vat. Dionysii et Hadrian. cum Cresc., etiam a licitis. Veron. 58, a multis etiam placitis.

The Vatican of Dionysius and the Hadrianic [codices], with Cresconius: "etiam a licitis" [even from lawful things]. Verona 58: "a multis etiam placitis" [even from many pleasing things].

(s) ‹Omnia› · printed under col 1206

Sex prohae notae codices et Cresconius delent mihi. Mox unus cod. Vercell. cum Justello, si poenitentes habeant... non debeant.

Six codices of good mark and Cresconius delete "mihi" [to me]. Just after, one Vercelli codex with Justel: "si poenitentes habeant... non debeant" [if penitents have... they ought not].

(t) ‹melius› · printed under col 1206

Cod. Veron. 58, expetat. Vat. Dionysii cum Cresc. Veron. et duobus aliis Vat., expetit quis. Alius Vat. cum Barb. Victor. et secunda manu in Vindebon. collect. 5, exigit pro expetit. Confer not. 14 Quesn.

The Verona codex 58: "expetat" [should seek]. The Vatican of Dionysius, with the Verona Cresconius and two other Vatican [codices]: "expetit quis" [one seeks]. Another Vatican, with the Barberini, the St Victor, and the Vienna of collection 5 in the second hand: "exigit" [demands] for "expetit" [seeks]. Compare Quesnel's note 14.

(u) ‹Resp. — Qualitas› · printed under col 1206

De Poenit., dist. 6, Qualitatis lucri.

On Penance, distinction 6, "Qualitatis lucri".

(v) ‹Resp. — Contrarium› · printed under col 1206

De Poenit., dist. 5, Contrarium.

On Penance, distinction 5, "Contrarium".

(a) ‹negotiis saecularibus› · printed under col 1207

Cod. Vat. collect. 11 addit, ut ei placeat, cui se probavit. Postea, militiae mundanae in quinque mss. et in vetustioribus Leonis vulgatis.

The Vatican codex of collection 11 adds: "ut ei placeat, cui se probavit" [that he may please Him to Whom he has proved himself]. Afterwards, "militiae mundanae" [to worldly military service] in five manuscripts and in the older printed texts of Leo.

(b) ‹uxores accipiunt,› · printed under col 1207

Vide not. 15 Quesn. Post pauca in Leonis responso codd. Veron. 58 et Vat. Reg. delent mortuis.

See Quesnel's note 15. A little after, in Leo's reply, the codices Verona 58 and the Vatican of the Queen delete "mortuis" [of death].

(c) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1207

33, qu. 3, In adolescentia, c. 14.

[Causa] 33, question 3, "In adolescentia", c. 14.

(d) ‹fornicationis› · printed under col 1207

Quesnellus cum aliquibus mss., incurrat. Praetulimus lectionem antea editorum, quippe quam et plures et vetustiores nostri codices approbant. Mox pro venialem cod. Veron, 58, jubenalem. Vat. Reg., juvenalem ; forte, juvenilem. Dein post voces nullam omnino Sirmondus addit aliam.

Quesnel, with some manuscripts: "incurrat" [should incur] (present). We have preferred the reading of the earlier editions, since both more and older of our codices approve it. Just after, for "venialem" [pardonable] the Verona codex 58: "jubenalem". The Vatican of the Queen: "juvenalem"; perhaps "juvenilem" [youthful]. Then after the words "nullam omnino" [no woman at all] Sirmond adds "aliam" [other].

(e) ‹uxores› · printed under col 1207

Mss. Vat. Reg. et Lucen., acceperint.

The manuscripts Vatican of the Queen and Lucca: "acceperint" [have taken].

(f) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1207

20, qu. 3, Propositum, c. 1

[Causa] 20, question 3, "Propositum", c. 1.

(g) ‹monachi› · printed under col 1207

Cod. Veron. 48, proprii arbitrii voluntate. Vindebon. Hisp., proprio arbitrio ac voluntate.

The Verona codex 48: "proprii arbitrii voluntate" [by the will of his own decision]. The Vienna Hispanic: "proprio arbitrio ac voluntate" [by his own decision and will].

(h) ‹innocens› · printed under col 1207

Vindebon. collect. 6 addit verbum sit. Dein post electionem Sirmondus cum anterioribus editis adjecit tamen. Mox unus cod. Vercell. cum Justello meliorem pro meliorum.

The Vienna of collection 6 adds the word "sit" [may be]. Then after "electionem" [choice] Sirmond, with the earlier editions, added "tamen" [yet]. Just after, one Vercelli codex, with Justel: "meliorem" [better] for "meliorum" [of better things].

(i) printed under this column; its call is in col 1208, set in n1208 (j) printed under this column; its call is in col 1208, set in n1208 (k) printed under this column (running on under col 1208); its call is in col 1208, set in n1208

(i) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1207

20, qu. I, Puellae, c. 8.

[Causa] 20, question 1, "Puellae", c. 8.

(j) ‹virginitatis› · printed under col 1207

Vide not. 16 Quesn. Deinde, etiamsi consecratio non accessit est lectio omnium codicum qui inquisitiones praemittunt ; nec non Vat. collect. 24. Caeteri, qui Dionysianam lectionem sequuntur, habent : Etiamsi nondum eis gratia consecrationis accessit.

See Quesnel's note 16. Next, "etiamsi consecratio non accessit" [even if consecration has not been added] is the reading of all the codices which place the inquiries first; and also of the Vatican of collection 24. The others, which follow the Dionysian reading, have: "Etiamsi nondum eis gratia consecrationis accessit" [even if the grace of consecration has not yet been added to them].

(k) ‹permanerent› · printed under col 1207, running on under col 1208

In vulgatis ante Quesnellum adjicitur capitulum cum titulo De his quae jam consecratae sunt, si postea nupserint. Capituli autem verba haec sunt : Ambigi vero non potest magnum crimen admitti, ubi et propositum deseritur, et consecratio violatur. Nam si humana pacta (al., facta) non possunt impune calcari, quid eas manebit quae corruperint divini (al., divina) foedera sacramenti? Haec omnia Quesnellus expunxit, et vel a Gratiano vel ab alio studioso margini apposita in textum irrepsisse censuit iis argumentis quae legi poterunt nota ejusdem 17. Ea vero inveniuntur textui inserta in antiquissimis codicibus Vindebon. et Vat. collectionis Hispanicae, ac in Isidorianis omnibus qui ex Hispanica proficiscuntur, nec non in aliis collectionibus quae ex eodem fonte dimanant ; adeo ut mirum acciderit ea abesse in editione Merlini, qui Isidorianam collectionem cum multis additamentis evulgavit, ut videtur, ex aliquo ms. collect. 12, in cujus ms. Vat. 1340 eadem verba deprehendimus. Immo haec pariter verba posteriori, sed antiqua manu addita leguntur in margine vetustissimi cod. Vat. 5845, qui puram Dionysianam collectionem exhibet. Cum vero desint in omnibus codicibus inquisitiones praeferentibus, qui sunt praestantissimi omnium, nec non in textu mss. Dionysianae et Hadrianeae collectionum, in ms. Grimanico, nec non in codd. collect. 24, ea uti Leonina textui non inseruimus. Unde vero auctor praestantis collectionis Hispanicae, quae, paulo ante medium saeculum septimum compacta nihil apocryphum continet, hoc additamentum sumpserit, cum alias omnes Dionysianae collectionis epistolas sine ulla additione receperit, divinare non licet. In nonnullis posteriorum collectionum mss. hoc membrum jungitur cum responso ad inquisitionem praecedentem, sicut etiam in editione Sirmondi. Is tamen in notatione dubitationem indicavit ex codicibus qui inquisitiones sine capitulo exhibent.

In the printed texts before Quesnel a chapter is added with the title "Concerning those who have already been consecrated, if they afterwards marry". The words of the chapter are these: "But it cannot be doubted that a great crime is committed where both the resolve is abandoned and the consecration is violated. For if human pacts (otherwise, 'deeds') cannot be trampled on with impunity, what will await those who have corrupted the covenants of a divine (otherwise, 'the divine covenants of a') sacrament?" All this Quesnel struck out, and judged that it had been placed in the margin either by Gratian or by some other scholar and had crept into the text, with arguments which can be read in his note 17. These words, however, are found inserted in the text in the most ancient Vienna and Vatican codices of the Hispanic collection, and in all the Isidorian ones which derive from the Hispanic, and also in other collections which flow from the same source; so that it is surprising that they are absent from the edition of Merlin, who published the Isidorian collection with many additions, as it seems, from some manuscript of collection 12, in whose Vatican manuscript 1340 we have found the same words. Indeed these same words are read added, in a later but ancient hand, in the margin of the very old Vatican codex 5845, which presents the pure Dionysian collection. But since they are missing in all the codices which show the inquiries, which are the most excellent of all, and also in the text of the manuscripts of the Dionysian and Hadrianic collections, in the Grimani manuscript, and also in the codices of collection 24, we have not inserted them into the text as Leo's. But from where the compiler of the excellent Hispanic collection, which, put together a little before the middle of the seventh century, contains nothing apocryphal, took this addition, since he took in all the other letters of the Dionysian collection without any addition, one cannot divine. In some manuscripts of the later collections this clause is joined with the reply to the preceding inquiry, as also in Sirmond's edition. He, however, in his annotation indicated a doubt, from the codices which show the inquiries without the chapter.

(l) ‹Inquis. — XVI. —› · printed under col 1208

Cod. Veron. 58 hanc inquisitionem sic effert : De his qui a parentibus parvuli derelicti sunt, et utrum baptizati sint ignoratur. Codex Lucensis omittit tantum vocem Christianis.

The Verona codex 58 gives this inquiry thus: "Concerning those who were abandoned as little children by their parents, and it is not known whether they have been baptized." The Lucca codex omits only the word "Christianis" [Christian].

(m) ‹Resp. —› · printed under col 1208

De Consecr., dist. 4, Si nulla exstant, c 113 ; et in Decret. IV, lib. I,

On Consecration, distinction 4, "Si nulla exstant", c. 113; and in the Decretals, IV, book 1.

(n) ‹propinquos› · printed under col 1208

Quesnellus, et familiares... atque vicinos. Praetulimus lectionem antea editorum, quam potiores codices approbant.

Quesnel: "et familiares... atque vicinos" [and members of the household... and neighbours]. We have preferred the reading of the earlier editions, which the better codices approve.

(o) ‹baptizatos,› · printed under col 1208

Cod. Veron. 58, sed putant, et post pauca, cum ad Romanam venerint patriam. Porro, Romania pro Romano imperio adhibetur a Possidio in Vita Augustini cap. 30, et ab Orosio lib. VII, cap. 4, ex quo etiam vulgaris locutio colligitur. In vulgatis ante Quesn. et in mss. Dionys. Hisp. Isid. et aliis ejusdem originis hoc membrum cum antecedenti jungitur, ac idcirco fere habent : Qui autem possunt meminisse, addita particula autem.

The Verona codex 58: "sed putant" [but think], and a little after, "cum ad Romanam venerint patriam" [when they have come into the Roman homeland]. Further, "Romania" is used for the Roman Empire by Possidius in the Life of Augustine, chap. 30, and by Orosius, book 7, chap. 4, from which it is gathered that it was also a common expression. In the printed texts before Quesnel and in the Dionysian, Hispanic and Isidorian manuscripts and others of the same origin this clause is joined with the preceding one, and therefore they generally have: "Qui autem possunt meminisse" [But those who can remember], with the particle "autem" [but] added.