PL 54 · cols. 861–865

Leo the Great, Letters

Letters LVII–LVIII

τε ὁμοίως τὸν κορυφαῖον τῶν ἀποστόλων, ᾧ καὶ ἔναγχος προσείημεν, μάρτυρα συλλαβόμενος, περιεστοιχισμένος τε πλήθει ἐπισκόπων, οὕς τινας ἀπὸ ἀναριθμήτων πόλεων ἐν τῇ Ἰταλίᾳ συνήγαγεν ὑπὸ τῆς ἀρχῆς τοῦ ἰδίου τόπου, καὶ τῆς ἀξίας, καὶ τοῖς ῥήμασι συνάπτων τὰ δάκρυα, εἰς κοινωνίαν τῶν ἰδίων θρήνων καὶ τὰς ἡμετέρας οἰμωγὰς ἐξεκαλεῖτο.

[…] and likewise taking as witness the chief of the apostles, to whom we had lately come, and surrounded by a multitude of bishops, whom he had gathered from countless cities in Italy by the primacy of his own see and by his dignity, and joining tears to his words, he called forth our groans too into fellowship with his own laments.

Οὐ μικρὰ γὰρ ἐκ τῶν γεγενημένων ζημία, τὴν τοσούτοις χρόνοις φυλαχθεῖσαν τοῦ καθολικοῦ κανόνος πίστιν ἀπὸ τοῦ θειοτάτου πατρὸς ἡμῶν Κωνσταντίνου, ὃς πρῶτος ἐν τῷ βασιλείῳ διέλαμψε χριστιανός, ἔναγχος τεταράχθαι πρὸς ὑπόληψιν ἑνὸς ἀνθρώπου· ὅς τις ἐν τῇ συνόδῳ τῆς Ἐφεσίων πόλεως μῖσος, καὶ ἀψιμαχίαν μᾶλλον λέγεται γεγυμνακέναι, τῇ τε τῶν στρατιωτῶν παρουσίᾳ, καὶ τῷ φόβῳ καταπλήττων τὸν ἐπίσκοπον τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Φλαυιανόν, διὰ τὸ λίβελλον στεῖλαι πρὸς τὸν ἀποστολικὸν θρόνον, καὶ τῶν ἀποσταλέντων ἐν τῇ συνόδῳ παρὰ τοῦ εὐλαβεστάτου ἐπισκόπου Ῥώμης· οἵ τινες κατὰ τοὺς ὅρους τῆς ἐν Νικαίᾳ συνόδου εἰθίσθησαν συνιέναι, δέσποτα ἁγνότατε υἱὲ βασιλεῦ προσκυνητέ.

For it is no small harm from what has happened that the faith of the catholic rule, kept for so long a time from our most divine father Constantine, who first shone forth as a Christian in the imperial office, has lately been thrown into confusion at the pleasure of one man, who in the synod of the city of the Ephesians is said rather to have practised hatred and skirmishing, terrifying with the presence of the soldiers and with fear the bishop of Constantinople, Flavian, because he sent his petition to the apostolic throne, and [on account] of those sent to the synod by the most reverent bishop of Rome, who according to the definitions of the synod at Nicaea have been accustomed to take part, most pure lord son, venerable emperor.

Τούτου χάριν ἡ σὴ ἡμερότης τοῖς τοσούτοις θορύβοις ἀντιτιθεῖσα τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἄσπιλον τὴν πίστιν τῆς καθολικῆς θρησκείας παραφυλαχθῆναι προσταξάτω. Ἵνα κατὰ τὸν τύπον, καὶ τὸν ὅρον τοῦ ἀποστολικοῦ θρόνου, ὃν καὶ ἡμεῖς ὁμοίως, ὡς προηγούμενον, προσκυνοῦμεν, ἐν τῇ στάσει τῆς ἱερωσύνης ἀβλαβοῦς μένοντος ἐν πᾶσι Φλαυιανοῦ, ἐν τῇ συνόδῳ τοῦ ἀποστολικοῦ θρόνου ἡ δίκη παραπεμφθείη ἐν ᾧ πρῶτος ἐκεῖνος, ὁ τὰς οὐρανοῦ κλεῖς ἀξιωθεὶς ὑποδέξασθαι, τὴν ἐπισκοπὴν τῆς ἀρχειρωσύνης ἐκόσμησε δηλαδή· ὁπότε πρέπει ἡμᾶς ταύτῃ τῇ μεγίστῃ πόλει, ἥ τις ⟨δ⟩έσπο⟨ι⟩να πασῶν ὑπάρχει τῶν γεῶν, ἐν πᾶσι τὸ σέβας ⟨π⟩αραφλάξαι. Ἐπιμελέστερον δὲ κἀκείνου προνοῆσαι· ἵνα μὴ ὅπερ ἐν τοῖς ἀνωτέροις χρόνοις ἡ ἡμετέρα γενεὰ διεφύλαξεν, ἐφ' ἡμῶν δόξῃ μιαίνεσθαι, καὶ διὰ τοῦ παρόντος ὑποδείγματος σχίσματα προχωρῆσαι ἔν τε τοῖς ἐπισκόποις, καὶ ταῖς ἁγιωτάταις ἐκκλησίαις.

For this reason let Your Clemency, setting the truth against such great tumults, command that the faith of the catholic religion be kept spotless; so that, according to the form and the definition of the apostolic throne, which we too likewise venerate as preeminent, Flavian remaining unharmed in all things in the standing of his priesthood, the case may be referred to the synod of the apostolic throne, in which that first one, who was deemed worthy to receive the keys of heaven, adorned, to be sure, the episcopate of the high priesthood; since it is fitting for us to preserve in all things the reverence due to this greatest city, which is mistress of all the lands. And [it is fitting] to provide more carefully for this too: that what our race has kept in former times may not seem to be defiled in our day, and that schisms may not advance through the present example both among the bishops and in the most holy churches.

EPISTOLA LVII.

LETTER LVII.

LICINIAE EUDOXIAE AUGUSTAE AD EUMDEM THEODOSIUM.

Of Licinia Eudoxia Augusta to the same Theodosius.

De Ecclesiae catholicae turbatione.

On the disturbance of the Catholic Church.

Editors' notes and page, col. 861

Footnotes

(a) ‹quem n⟨uper⟩ adieramus› · printed under col 861

Sic omnes codices et Quesn. in margine. Vulgati perperam, audieramus.

So all the manuscripts and Quesnel in the margin. The printed editions wrongly have "audieramus" [we had heard].

(b) ‹multitudine circumseptus› · printed under col 861

Editiones in margine, quos in unum emirabilibus.

The editions in the margin have "quos in unum emirabilibus".

Ita tres nostri et totidem Baluzii codices. Duo Vatt. omittunt adverbium nuper. Excusi, perturbata sit. Dein in ms. Chig., arbitrio.

So three of our manuscripts and as many of Baluze's. Two Vatican manuscripts omit the adverb "nuper" [lately]. The printed copies have "perturbata sit" [has been thrown into confusion]. Then, in the Chigi manuscript, "arbitrio".

(d) ‹praesentia et metu› · printed under col 861

Sic veteres libri. Editi, impetens.

So the old books. The printed editions have "impetens".

(e) ‹per eos qui› · printed under col 861

Vulgati melius, directi fuerunt ad concilium. Sed veterem interpretationem, quam omnes nostri et Baluzii codices exhibent, emendare noluimus.

The printed editions better, "directi fuerunt ad concilium" [were sent to the council]. But we have not wished to correct the old translation, which all our manuscripts and Baluze's present.

(f) ‹secundum definitiones› · printed under col 861

Indicari videtur canon Sardicensis septimus apud Dionysium, in Graeco autem quintus, ubi de Pontificis legatis agitur, qui ejus nomine et auctoritate in conciliis utantur. Canones autem Sardicenses ex antiqua Romanae praesertim Ecclesiae consuetudine Nicaenis accensitos, et Nicaenorum nomine appellatos alibi ostendimus.

The seventh canon of Sardica in Dionysius, but the fifth in the Greek, seems to be indicated, where the Pontiff's legates are treated of, who are to act in councils in his name and with his authority. And we have shown elsewhere that the canons of Sardica, from the ancient custom especially of the Roman Church, were reckoned with the Nicene ones and called by the name of the Nicene.

(g) ‹per omnia Flaviano,› · printed under col 861, running on under col 862

Ita vetus interpretitio in omnibus et nostris et Baluzii codd. male. Emendatum in vulgatis, et ex Graeco redditum: Ad concilium apostolicae sedis judicium transmittatur; ubi judicium nominativi locum obtinet. Similem Latini interpretis barbaram versionem observabimus etiam in ep. 58, ann. (col. 865f).

So, badly, the old translation in all [the manuscripts], both ours and Baluze's. It is corrected in the printed editions and rendered from the Greek: "Ad concilium apostolicae sedis judicium transmittatur" [let the judgement be transmitted to the council of the apostolic see], where "judicium" holds the place of a nominative. We shall observe a similar barbarous rendering by the Latin translator in letter 58 also, annotation (col. 865, f).

(h) ‹principatum episcopatus› · printed under col 862

Editi ad marginem, ornavit.

The printed editions in the margin have "ornavit" [adorned].

(i) ‹quae domina omnium est› · printed under col 862

Sic mss. Veron. et Colbert. ut in Graeco, et Quesn. in marg. Ita quoque Divion., nisi quod in margine habet: Al., tuarum; lectio Corb. exemplaris, ut notavit Baluzius. Editi cum aliis codd., civitatum.

So the Verona and Colbert manuscripts, as in the Greek, and Quesnel in the margin. So also the Dijon manuscript, except that in the margin it has: "Another [reading], tuarum" [of yours]; the reading of the Corbie copy, as Baluze noted. The printed editions, with other manuscripts, have "civitatum" [of cities].

(j) ‹etiam in hoc› · printed under col 862

Vulgati cum uno Vat., providere..

The printed editions, with one Vatican manuscript, have "providere" [to provide].

(k) ‹nostra generatio custodivit,› · printed under col 862

Sic omnes codd. Editores emendarunt, Sub nobis.

So all the manuscripts. The editors corrected it to "Sub nobis" [under us].

(l) ‹EPISTOLA LVII› · printed under col 862

Quae erat 57, nunc 72. Sc. tempore praecedentis.

Formerly 57, now 72. Written at the time of the preceding.

(m) ‹Domino THEODOSIO inclyto› · printed under col 862

Haec est inscriptio Latinae versionis antiquae. In vulgatis ex Graeco pro inclyto habetur triumphatori, et ante vocem perpetua additur florens.

This is the heading of the ancient Latin version. In the printed editions, from the Greek, "triumphatori" [triumphant] is found in place of "inclyto" [renowned], and "florens" [flourishing] is added before the word "perpetua".

(1) ‹ᾧ καὶ ἔναγχος› · printed under col 862

Ms. Ven., προσείη, atque ita etiam in marg. edit.

The Venice manuscript has "προσείη", and so also in the margin of the edition.

(2) ‹τὸν ἐπίσκοπον τῆς› · printed under col 862

Ms. Ven., Κωνσταντινοπολιτῶν.

The Venice manuscript has "Κωνσταντινοπολιτῶν" [of the Constantinopolitans].

(3) ‹δέσποτα› · printed under col 862

In marg edit. Rom., ἴσως, ἁγιώτατε.

In the margin of the Roman edition, "perhaps ἁγιώτατε" [most holy].

(4) ‹μένοντος ἐν πᾶσι Φλαυιανοῦ,› · printed under col 862

Legendum, εἰς τὴν σύνοδον.

Read "εἰς τὴν σύνοδον" [to the synod].

(5) ‹πασῶν ὑπάρχει τῶν› · printed under col 862

In marg. edit. Rom.. ἴσ. γαιῶν.

In the margin of the Roman edition, "perhaps γαιῶν" [of the lands].

(6) ‹ἐφ' ἡμῶν δόξῃ› · printed under col 862

In marg. edit. Rom., μειοῦσθαι. Lat.

In the margin of the Roman edition, "μειοῦσθαι" [to be diminished]. [So the] Latin.

Ancient version (Latin)

lorum, quem n⟨uper⟩ adieramus, testem objiciens, episcoporum m⟨u⟩ltitudine circumseptus, quos ex innumerabilibus civitatibus Italiae pro principatu proprii loci seu dignitate collegit; et verbis permiscens lacrymas, ad communionem sui fletus nostros quoque gemitus provocavit. Non enim modicum detrimentum est ex his quae gesta sunt, ut fides quae tantis temporibus regulariter custodita est a sacratissimo patre nostro Constantino, qui primus imperio splenduit Christianus, nuper turbata sit ad arbitrium unius hominis, qui in synodo Ephesinae civitatis odium et contentiones potius exercuisse narratur, millitum praesentia et metu appetens Constantinopolitanae civitatis episcopum Flavianum, eo quod libellum ad apostolicam sedem miserit, et ad omnes episcopos harum partium, per eos qui directi fuerant in concilio a reverendissimo episcopo Romae, qui secundum definitiones Nicaeni concilii consueti sunt interesse, domine sacratissime fili, venerabilis imperator. Hac itaque gratia, tua mansuetudo tantis turbis resistens, veritatem fidei catholicae religionis immaculatam servari praecipiat: ut secundum formam et definitionem apostolicae sedis, quam etiam nos tamquam praecellentem similiter veneramur, in statu sacerdotii illaeso manente per omnia Flaviano, ad concilii et apostolicae sedis judicium transmittatur, in qua primus ille, qui coelestes claves dignus fuit accipere, principatum episcopatus ordinavi; quando scilicet decet nos huic maximae civitati, quae domina omnium est terrarum, in omnibus reverentiam conservare. Diligentius autem etiam in hoc providete, ne quod priscis temporibus nostra generatio custodivit, sub nos imminui videatur, et per praesens exemplum schismata generentur inter episcopos et sanctas Ecclesias. Domino THEODOSIO inclyto, semper Augusto, et patri, LICINIA EUDOXIA piissima et perpetua Augusta filia. Omnibus notum est tuam mansuetudinem, curam

Page

running head: 861 EPISTOLA LVII. 862 (across page 436)
marginal letters (gutter, shared with col 862): A ‹lorum, quem›; B ‹rant in concilio›; C ‹(j) providete›; D (in the footnotes, beside note (c))
old-edition numerals: 968 after ‹judicium› (Latin); 967 after ‹παραπεμφθείη› (Greek, col 862, text set under this rail)
signature: none
other: the Greek of Letter LVI continues at the head of col 862 (after "αὐ-τόν", set whole in c860_a) and ends above the full-width caption EPISTOLA (l) LVII. / LICINIAE EUDOXIAE AUGUSTAE AD EUMDEM THEODOSIUM. and the italic line "De Ecclesiae catholicae turbatione."; by the reading-order rule that Greek and the caption lines are set in c861, and the Greek notes 1–6 (calls in that Greek) are set here. Damaged type at the head of col 861: a blank after "quem n" (supplied ⟨uper⟩ from the Greek ἔναγχος) and a gap in "m⟨u⟩ltitudine". In col 862 the first letters of ⟨δ⟩έσπο⟨ι⟩να and ⟨π⟩αραφλάξαι are lost. In note 6 the υ of μειοῦσθαι is faint. The Latin version of Letter LVII begins in the lower part of this column and runs on to col 863 ("curam atque", no hyphen).

PL 54:862

Δεσπότῃ Θεοδοσίῳ τροπαιούχῳ, ἀεὶ βασιλεῖ, καὶ πατρί, Λικιννία Εὐδοξία ἡ εὐσεβεστάτη, καὶ ἀνθοῦσα, αἰωνία β⟨α⟩σιλίς θυγάτηρ.

To the lord Theodosius, bearer of trophies, ever emperor, and [her] father, Licinia Eudoxia, the most pious and flourishing, perpetual empress, [his] daughter.

Πᾶσιν ἔγνωσται τὴν σὴν ἐπιείκειαν μέριμναν, καὶ φροντίδα

It is known to all that Your Clemency [takes] concern and care […]

Editors' notes and page, col. 862

Page

running head: 861 EPISTOLA LVII. 862 (across page 436)
marginal letters (gutter, shared with col 861): A ‹τόν τε ὁμοίως›; B ‹τὸ λίβελλον στεῖλαι›; C ‹παραφλάξαι›; D (in the footnotes, beside note (i))
old-edition numerals: none in this column's layer-1 text (967 stands in the upper Greek, set under the 861 rail)
signature: none
other: the upper part of this column (the end of Letter LVI's Greek, calls 1–6) stands above the full-width LVII caption and is set under the 861 rail (c861, n861); the 862 rail stands at the Greek address of Letter LVII below the caption. "φρον-τίδα" runs from col 862 to col 864 (the Greek continues in the right column of page 437) and is set whole in c862_a. In the address, "Λικιννία" is faint (read with two ν), β⟨α⟩σιλίς has a lost letter, and θυγάτηρ's γ is worn.

PL 54:863

Editors' notes and page, col. 863

Footnotes

(a) ‹Cum igitur feliciter› · printed under col 863

Editi. Romam et ad limina. Veterum exemplarium quae antiquam versionem praeferunt, lectionem etsi perperam ex Graeco redditam retinuimus: ex his enim erroribus minus periti interpretis versio confirmatur, et originale Latinum excluditur.

The editions: Romam and ad limina. We have kept the reading of the old copies which present the ancient version, even though it is wrongly rendered from the Greek: for by these errors of a less skilled interpreter it is confirmed to be a version, and a Latin original is ruled out.

(b) ‹episcopis postulationem nobis› · printed under col 863

Corbeiensis Baluzii, attulit. Ita etiam Divionensis codex et editi in margine.

Baluze's Corbie manuscript: attulit. So also the Dijon codex and the editions in the margin.

Vulgati in margine, omnino.

The printed editions in the margin: omnino.

(d) ‹clementiam ex hac› · printed under col 863

Iidem vulgati in margine, regione has vel eas litteras.

The same printed editions in the margin: regione has or eas litteras.

(e) ‹justa posco, quatenus› · printed under col 863

Vulgati pariter in margine, his rebus.

The printed editions likewise in the margin: his rebus.

(f) ‹donec omnibus quae› · printed under col 863

Cod Chig., etiam definita. Dein perquiratis pro perquiratur in eodem codice et in vulgatorum margine.

The Chigi codex: etiam definita. Then perquiratis for perquiratur in the same codex and in the margin of the printed editions.

(g) ‹Scriptum est enim› · printed under col 863

Ita omnes nostri codd. et Graecus textus. Editi, hinc.

So all our codices and the Greek text. The editions: hinc.

(h) ‹Flavianus episcopus› · printed under cols 863–864

Editi, ex ecclesiasticis rebus. Omnia vero tum nostra, tum Baluzii exemplaria, quibus et hic et infra epist. 63 congruit Graecus textus, habent ex humanis rebus, id est, ut recte interpretatur idem Baluzius, ab hominum communione remotus, ab humanarum rerum administratione expulsus; neque enim per hoc tempus de Flaviani morte Romae auditum fuerat. In epistola autem 64 Theodosii ad Placidiam tum in Graeca, tum in Latina versione Flavianus ab ecclesiasticis rebus expulsus dicitur. Quare hae duae formulae eodem recidunt.

The editions: ex ecclesiasticis rebus. But all the copies, both ours and Baluze's, with which the Greek text agrees both here and below in letter 63, have ex humanis rebus, that is, as the same Baluze rightly interprets it, removed from the communion of men, expelled from the administration of human affairs; for at this time nothing had yet been heard at Rome of Flavian's death. In letter 64, however, of Theodosius to Placidia, both in the Greek and in the Latin version, Flavian is said to have been expelled ab ecclesiasticis rebus. Therefore these two formulae come to the same thing.

(i) ‹EPISTOLA› · printed under col 864

Quae erat 58, nunc 78. Scripta eodem tempore quo praecedens.

Which was 58, now 78. Written at the same time as the preceding.

(j) ‹GALLAE PLACIDIAE› · printed under col 864

Latina hujus epistolae interpretatio ex mss. Latinis collectionis Chalcedon. solum edita fuerat, antequam Graecam item versionem Cotelerius ederet tom. I Monument. Eccles. Graecae, pag. 62.

The Latin rendering of this letter had been published only from the Latin manuscripts of the Chalcedonian collection, before Cotelier likewise published the Greek version, vol. I of the Monumenta Ecclesiae Graecae, p. 62.

(k) ‹concursionibus adaeque› · printed under col 864

Ita codices. Vulg., desideraremur.

So the codices. The printed editions: desideraremur.

(l) ‹Nos itaque› · printed under col 864

Cod. Veron. 57 sacrilegium.

Verona codex 57: sacrilegium.

Ancient version (Latin)

(Latin version of Letter LVII continued from col 862; the Greek is layer 1.) atque sollicitudinem habere Christianorum et catholicae fidei, in tantum ut juberetis ad injuriam ejus nihil omnino faciendum. Cum igitur feliciter Romae fuissemus ingressae, et in liminibus basilicae sanctissimi apostoli Petri venissemus, Leo beatissimus Romanae civitatis episcopus, etiam cum aliis plurimis episcopis postulationem nobis obtulit, dicens omne dogma religionis per Orientem fuisse turbatum, et accidisse, quatenus tota Chistianorum fides ad confusionem omnem perduceretur. Nam Flavianum Constantinopolitanae Ecclesiae episcopum propter inimicitias Alexandrini episcopi ingemiscebat expulsum; et hoc cum aliis episcopis postulavit, protestans et ipsorum venerabilium locorum cultum, et mansuetudinis nostrae salutem, quatenus ad tuam clementiam ex hac causa meas litteras destinarem, domine sanctissime pater, et adorabilis imperator. Salutans igitur justa posco, quatenus his litteris curam vestra tranquillitas praebere dignetur. et quae male gesta sunt emendari praecipiat, donec omnibus quae jam definita sunt revocatis, ex integro causa fidei et Christianae religionis, quae mota est, in partibus Italiae congregato concilio, perquiratur. Scriptum est enim hic omnem contentionem motam, quatenus Flavianus episcopus ex humanis rebus potuisset auferri. (Latin version of Letter LVIII, below the full-width heading, which is set in layer 1 under col 864's rail.) GALLA PLACIDIA piissima semper Augusta, AELIAE PULCHERIAE piissimae semper Augustae filiae. Ut Romam frequentibus concursionibus adaeque desideremus inspicere, causa nobis est amplectendae religionis, ut terminis sanctorum nostram exhiberemus praesentiam, quos certum est pro sua virtute in coelestibus constitutos, neque inferiora despicere. Nos itaque sacrilegum esse credimus, si

Page

running head: 863 S. LEONIS MAGNI
marginal letters: A ‹atque sollicitudinem›; B ‹clementiam ex hac›; C ‹GALLA PLACIDIA piissima›; D ‹(d) Iidem vulgati› (in the footnotes)
old-edition numerals: 970 after ‹episcopis› (before postulationem); 972 before ‹GALLA PLACIDIA›
signature: none
other: under the coordinator's ruling on the imperial letters (Latin originals lost, printed Latin an ancient translation from the Greek), the Greek of col 864 is layer 1 and this column's Latin (end of Letter LVII, address and opening of Letter LVIII) is transcribed above without English; the column's part is rail-only. The heading of Letter LVIII (EPISTOLA LVIII, the title line and the italic line) is printed full width across the middle of the page, below the end of Letter LVII in both columns; it is set once in layer 1 under col 864's rail, where the Greek of Letter LVIII begins in reading order. Footnotes (h) end to (l), called in col 863, are printed under col 864.

PL 54:864

ποιεῖσθαι τῶν χριστιανῶν, καὶ τῆς καθολικῆς πίστεως ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον, ὡς ἐπιτρέπειν ἐφ' ὕβρει ταύτης μηδὲν παντάπασι γίνεσθαι. Ὁπηνίκα τοίνυν εὐτυχῶς ἐν τῇ Ῥώμῃ εἰσεληλύθαμεν, καὶ τοῖς οὐδοῖς τοῦ εὐκτηρίου τοῦ ἁγιωτάτου ἀποστόλου Πέτρου παραγεγόναμεν, Λέων, ὁ μακαριώτατος ἐπίσκοπος τῆς Ῥωμαίων πόλεως, μετὰ καὶ ἑτέρων πλειόνων ἐπισκόπων, ἀξίωσιν ἡμῖν προσήγαγε, φάσκων, ὅλον τὸ δόγμα τῆς θρησκείας κατὰ τὴν ἀνατολὴν τεθορυβῆσθαι καὶ τοῦτο συμβέβηκεν, ὥστε πᾶσαν τῶν χριστιανῶν τὴν πίστιν εἰς σύγχυσιν ἐλάσαι, καὶ γὰρ Φλαυιανὸν τὸν ἐπίσκοπον τῆς Κωνσταντινουπόλεως Ἐκκλησίας, διὰ τὰς ἔχθρας τοῦ Ἀλεξανδρέων ἐπισκόπου, ἀπωδύρατο ἐκβεβλῆσθαι, καὶ τοῦτο μετὰ τῶν ἄλλων ἐπισκόπων ᾔτησεν, ἐπιμαρτυρόμενος αὐτῶν τε τῶν σεβασμίων τόπων τὴν προσκύνησιν, καὶ τῆς ὑμετέρας ἡμερότητος τὴν σωτηρίαν. Ὥστε πρὸς τὴν σὴν φιλανθρωπίαν ἀπὸ τοῦ μέρους τούτου ἐμὰ γράμματα καταπεμφθῆναι, δέσποτα ἁγνότατε πάτερ, βασιλεῦ προσκυνητέ.

[…] to take thought for the Christians and for the catholic faith to such a degree as to permit nothing whatever to be done to its outrage. When, therefore, we had happily entered Rome, and had come to the thresholds of the house of prayer of the most holy apostle Peter, Leo, the most blessed bishop of the city of the Romans, together with several other bishops as well, brought a petition to us, saying that the whole doctrine of religion throughout the East had been thrown into turmoil, and that this had come about so as to drive the whole faith of the Christians into confusion; for he lamented that Flavian, the bishop of the Church of Constantinople, had been cast out on account of the enmities of the bishop of the Alexandrians, and he asked this together with the other bishops, calling to witness both the veneration of the venerable places themselves and the welfare of your Gentleness, that from this quarter my letter should be sent to your Humanity, lord most chaste father, adorable emperor.

Προσαγορεύουσα τοιγαροῦν, δίκαια αἰτῶ· ὥστε τούτοις τοῖς πράγμασι θεραπείαν ἡ ὑμετέρα γαληνότης ἐπιτρέψοι παρασχεθῆναι· καὶ τὰ κακῶς πεπραγμένα διορθωθῆναι κελεύσοι· ἄχρις οὗ πάντων τῶν ἤδη τετυπωμένων ἀνακληθέντων, ἐξ ὁλοκλήρου πίστεως, καὶ τῆς τῶν χριστιανῶν θρησκείας, ἡ κινουμένη αἰτία, ἐν τοῖς τῆς Ἰταλίας συναχθείσης τῆς συνόδου, δοκιμασθείη. Ἐγράφη γὰρ ἐνταῦθα πᾶσαν φιλονεικίαν κεκινῆσθαι, ὥστε Φλαυιανὸν τὸν ἐπίσκοπον ἐκ τῶν ἀνθρωπίνων πραγμάτων ἐπαρθῆναι.

Addressing you, therefore, I ask what is just: that your Serenity permit a remedy to be provided for these matters, and order that what has been badly done be set right; until, all that has already been decreed being recalled, the cause that has been stirred up, concerning the entire faith and the religion of the Christians, is examined in the [parts] of Italy, the synod having been gathered. For it was written that all the contention had been stirred up here, so that Flavian the bishop should be removed from human affairs.

EPISTOLA LVIII.

LETTER LVIII.

GALLAE PLACIDIAE AD PULCHERIAM AUGUSTAM,

OF GALLA PLACIDIA TO PULCHERIA AUGUSTA,

Qua concillium Ephesinum secundum detestatur.

In which she execrates the second council of Ephesus.

Γάλλα Πλακιδία ἡ εὐσεβεστάτη καὶ ἐπιφανεστάτη ἀειαυγούστα Αἰλίᾳ Πουλχερίᾳ τῇ εὐσεβεστάτῃ ἀειαυγούστᾳ θυγατρί.

Galla Placidia, the most pious and most illustrious ever-Augusta, to Aelia Pulcheria, the most pious ever-Augusta, her daughter.

Ὅτι τὴν Ῥώμην συνεχέσιν ἐκδρομαῖς ὁμοίως ἐπιποθοῦμεν ὁρᾶν, τῆς θρησκείας ἐστὶν ἐξαίρετον ἡ ὑπόθεσις, ὥστε τοῖς ὅροις τῶν ἁγίων τὴν ἡμετέραν ἀποδιδόσθαι παρουσίαν, οὓς ἀληθές ἐστιν ἐν τοῖς οὐρανίοις κατὰ τὴν αὐτῶν ἀρετὴν κατασταθέντας, οὐδὲ τῶν κατωτέρω καταφρονεῖν, ἡμεῖς τοίνυν ἱεροσυλίας γένος εἶναι νομιζόμεθα,

That we long likewise to see Rome in frequent journeys, the ground of it is pre-eminently religion, so as to render our presence at the precincts of the saints, who, it is true, being established in the heavenly places according to their virtue, do not despise the things below either; we therefore consider it a kind of sacrilege […]

Editors' notes and page, col. 864

Footnotes

(h) end, (i), (j), (k), (l): printed under col 864, calls in col 863, set in n863. 1 ‹τίδα ποιεῖσθαι› · printed under col 864 Ms. Ven., τῆς Χριστιανῶν.

The Venice manuscript: τῆς Χριστιανῶν.

2 ‹εἰσεληλύθαμεν, καὶ› · printed under col 864 Ita optime ms. Ven. Male in vulgatis, ταῖς οὐδοῖς.

So, very well, the Venice manuscript. Wrongly in the printed editions: ταῖς οὐδοῖς.

3 ‹καὶ τοῦτο› · printed under col 864 In marg. edit. Rom., συμβεβηκέναι. in L. Hard.

In the margin of the Roman edition: συμβεβηκέναι; in L. Hard.

4 ‹καὶ τῆς› · printed under col 864 In marg. edit. Rom., ἡμετέρας. L.

In the margin of the Roman edition: ἡμετέρας. L.

5 ‹δέσποτα› · printed under col 864 In marg. edit. Rom., ἴσως, ἁγιώτατε.

In the margin of the Roman edition: "perhaps, ἁγιώτατε".

6 ‹διορθωθῆναι› · printed under col 864 In marg. edit. Rom., παρακελεύσοι.

In the margin of the Roman edition: παρακελεύσοι.

7 ‹Ἐγράφη γὰρ› · printed under col 864 In eodem marg., ἐντεῦθεν. L.

In the same margin: ἐντεῦθεν. L.

8 ‹ἐκ τῶν› · printed under col 864 In marg. eodem, ἐκκλησιαστικῶν. L.

In the same margin: ἐκκλησιαστικῶν. L.

Page

running head: MAGNI EPISTOLAE. 864
marginal letters: A ‹τίδα ποιεῖσθαι›; B ‹ἀπὸ τοῦ μέρους›; C ‹Γάλλα Πλακιδία›; D ‹(j) Latina hujus› (in the footnotes)
old-edition numerals: 969 before ‹φάσκων›; 971 before ‹Γάλλα Πλακιδία›
signature: none
other: under the coordinator's ruling on the imperial letters, this column's Greek is layer 1: the end of Letter LVII (from "ποιεῖσθαι"; the column opens with "τίδα", the end of a word divided from col 862 and set whole there by FX3), then the full-width heading of Letter LVIII (printed across both columns), then the Greek address and opening of Letter LVIII. Notes 1-8 are the editors' notes on the Greek. The Greek "ἐπαρ" / "θῆναι" is divided over a line end without a hyphen and is set joined.

PL 54:865

Editors' notes and page, col. 865

Footnotes

(a) ‹desiderium suum verbis› · printed under col 865

Ita codices et Quesnellus in secunda editione. Alii vulg., plene, et ad marginem pene.

So the codices and Quesnel in his second edition. Other printed editions: plene, and in the margin pene.

(b) ‹Constantinopolitanum› · printed under col 865

Baluzii codices, exercitatum. Cotelerius, actum.

Baluze's codices: exercitatum. Cotelier: actum.

Quidam nostri codices omittunt vim.

Some of our codices omit vim.

(d) ‹ut quidquid› · printed under col 865

Codex Chigianus, in illo. Duo alii cod., in illorum. Mox luctuoso pro tumultuoso in duobus mss.

The Chigi codex: in illo. Two other codices: in illorum. Shortly after, luctuoso for tumultuoso in two manuscripts.

(e) ‹omni virtute› · printed under col 865

Sic nostri et Baluzii codices. Editi, removeatur ut omnibus.

So our codices and Baluze's. The editions: removeatur ut omnibus.

(f) ‹integris permanentibus› · printed under col 865

Ita codices et vulgati ante secundam editionem Quesnelli, qui emendavit ad apostolicam sedem, hanc notationem subjiciens: « Ita reponendum censui Graeca secutus, εἰς τὸν ἀποστολικὸν θρόνον, cum antea hiatus esset in Latino textu: ad apostolicae sedis. Epistolam hanc pluribus in locis interpolatam ab interprete Graeco observat Cotelerius, quem videsis in notis p. 723 et 724. » Optime quidem, sed non ita reddidit vetus interpres quem hic exhibemus. Solum, post voces ad apostolicae sedis, deesse videtur vel subintelligitur judicium.

So the codices and the printed editions before Quesnel's second edition, who emended to ad apostolicam sedem, adding this remark: « I judged that it should be restored thus, following the Greek, εἰς τὸν ἀποστολικὸν θρόνον, since before there was a gap in the Latin text: ad apostolicae sedis. Cotelier observes that this letter was interpolated in several places by the Greek interpreter; see him in the notes, pp. 723 and 724. » Very well indeed, but the old interpreter whom we present here did not render it so. Only, after the words ad apostolicae sedis, judicium seems to be missing or is understood.

(g) ‹etiam claves› · printed under col 865

Sic iidem codices. Cotelerius ex Graeco simpliciter, coelorum; vulgati, regni coelestis.

So the same codices. Cotelier, from the Greek, simply coelorum; the printed editions, regni coelestis.

(h) ‹principatum tenuit,› · printed under col 866

Cod. Divion. et Quesnellus in margine episcoporum causa.

The Dijon codex and Quesnel in the margin: episcoporum causa.

(i) ‹EPISTOLA› · printed under col 866

Al. 46. Quae autem antea 50 erat, nunc 79. Scripta circa medium Martium an 450.

Otherwise 46. But what was formerly 50 is now 79. Written about the middle of March, in the year 450.

(j) ‹LIX.› (before the title line) · printed under col 866

Exstat haec epistola in mss. collect. 2, 5, 12, 13, 18 et 20 usque ad 24, ac in exemplo Sichardi.

This letter is extant in the manuscripts of collections 2, 5, 12, 13, 18 and 20 to 24, and in Sichard's copy.

(k) ‹URBIS.› (before the synopsis) · printed under col 866

In tabula collect. 5 hic titulus ligitur cap. 80: Ad Constantinopolitanos super stabilitate fidei ipsorum cohortatio.

In the table of collection 5 this title is read at chapter 80: An exhortation to the Constantinopolitans on the stability of their faith.

Ancient version (Latin)

(Latin version of Letter LVIII continued from col 863; the Greek is layer 1.) solemnium ordinem denegemus. Cum igitur beato apostolo Petro nostram praesentiam dedissemus, illic multitudine sacerdotum reverendissimus Leo papa circumdatus, pro dignitate sui loci nos primus adiit: qui propter interpositam gemitus sui tristitiam, desiderium suum verbis pene insinuare non poterat. Vicit tamen constantia sapientiae sacerdotis ut lacrymas paululum retineret, et causam violatae fidei, tamquam hujus vindex manifesto sermone proferret. In quo sermone cognovimus nostris temporibus catholicam fidem esse turbatam; quam a divo patre nostro Constantino nostri generis parentes hactenus servaverunt. Secundum voluntatem namque cujusdam, pravum aliquid adversus sacerdotem Constantinopolitanum excitatum dicitur. Nos itaque in Ephesino concilio, in quo nullus ordinem sacerdotum custodivit, neque mensuram, sine consideratione Divinitatis omnia esse gesta cognovimus, quatenus praesumptio et injustitia in quorumdam damnationem vim obtinere dicatur, quae nostris temporibus terribilia esse videntur. Debet itaque fides proprie valere, sanctissima atque venerabilis filia Augusta. Igitur tua clementia secundum catholicam fidem, quod semper nobiscum fecit, et nunc similiter conspirare dignetur, ut quidquid illo tumultuoso miserrimoque consilio constitutum est, omni virtute submoveatur, et omnibus integris permanentibus, ad apostolicae sedis, in qua primus apostolorum beatus Petrus, qui etiam claves regnorum coelestium suscipiens, sacerdotii principatum tenuit, episcopatus causa mittatur. Debemus enim primatum in omnibus immortali conversationi tribuere, quae totum mundum propriae virtutis dominatione complevit, et nostro imperio orbem gubernandum servandumque commisit.

Editors' prose

Synopsis. — I. Gratulatur quod et Flaviano semper adhaereant et errori resistant. — II. Veritas carnis in Christo ex mysterio Eucharistiae probatur. — III.— Probatur etiam ex ejus super universa provectione

Synopsis. — I. He congratulates them that they both always adhere to Flavian and resist error. — II. The reality of the flesh in Christ is proved from the mystery of the Eucharist. — III. — It is proved also from His exaltation above all things […]

Page

running head: 865 EPISTOLA LIX. (the head runs across the page into col 866)
marginal letters: A ‹solemnium ordinem›; B ‹concilio, in quo nullus›; C ‹matum in omnibus›; D ‹(d) Codex Chigianus› (in the footnotes)
old-edition numerals: 974 after ‹Constantinopolitanum› (before excitatum); 975 before ‹EPISTOLA LIX›
signature: none
other: the end of the Latin version of Letter LVIII fills the top of the column (transcribed above without English, under the coordinator's ruling on the imperial letters); the column's part is rail-only. The heading of Letter LIX (EPISTOLA LIX and the title line) is printed in this column below it, but is set in layer 1 under col 866's rail, after the end of the Greek of Letter LVIII at the head of col 866, where Letter LIX begins in reading order. The synopsis of LIX begins here and ends in col 866. The synopsis word "prove-" / "ctione" is divided over the column break and is set whole here. The title line prints a stray dot before CONSTANTINOPOLITANE. Notes (h)-(k), called in this column, are printed under col 866.