L. Caecilius Firmianus Lactantius, Epitome Divinarum Institutionum ad Pentadium fratrem

(1) ‹anchor: O. F. FRITZSCHE (1), in the heading of the editor's admonition above the title› · call in col 1017

In praefatione editionis Lipsianae quam publici juris fecit vir doctus, hoc ipso anno 1844, II parte Lactantii operum.

In the preface to the Leipzig edition which the learned man published in this very year, 1844, in Part II of the works of Lactantius.

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma: Praefatio) · col 1017 PRAEFATIO. Haec vox non extat in ms. uti nec capitum divisio ac tituli, nec etiam summaria, quae hic addere visum est, ut lumen aliquid accedat Lactantiano huic operi.

PREFACE. This word does not appear in the manuscript, nor do the division into chapters and the titles, nor even the summaries, which it seemed good to add here so that some light might be shed on this work of Lactantius.

(lemma: Illustrandam) · col 1017 Illustrandam. In ms. inlustrandam, idque more veteri. Sic in antiquis vir inluster, pro vir illuster.

Illustrandam. In the manuscript, inlustrandam, and that after the old fashion. So in ancient writings vir inluster for vir illuster.

(lemma: Religionemque) · col 1017 Religionemque. In ms. religionemque; quasi esse, abbreviatio.

Religionemque. In the manuscript, religionemque; as if it were an abbreviation.

(lemma: Conscripsimus) · col 1017 Conscripsimus. Ms. habet conscribsimus.

Conscripsimus. The manuscript has conscribsimus.

(lemma: Aliquid) · col 1018 Aliquid. Deest in editis; legitur tamen in ms. Taurin. Sic enim habet autographum, quod ad nos summa humanitate misit illustrissimus ac doctissimus Pfaffius.

Aliquid. It is missing in the printed editions; it is read, however, in the Turin manuscript. For so the autograph has it, which the most illustrious and most learned Pfaff sent us with the greatest kindness.

(lemma: Quae) · col 1018 Quae. In ms. que more omnium fere manuscriptorum.

Quae. In the manuscript, que, after the fashion of almost all manuscripts.

(lemma: In unum) · col 1018 In unum. Adde volumen.

In unum. Add volumen ("into one volume").

(printed under page 520)

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VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: In angustum coarctanda) · col 1019 In angustum coarctanda. Ms. habet coarlanda: forte haec ultima vox ab artus derivaretur, ut ait Doctiss. Pfaffius. Aiunt voces in angustum deesse in ms., attamen ea lego in viri clariss. Pfaffii autographo. — In angustum coarctanda. Seneca de Vita Beata, c. 4: Exercitus modo latius panditur, modo in angustum coarctatur. Lib. VII Quaest. Nat., cap. 27, extr.: Non in angustum conjecta et arctata. Lact. lib. VII, cap. 16: Dies in angustum coarctabitur. Si fides anonymo Clerici, p. 342, verba in angustum non habet ms. Taur.: unde cancellis inclusi, et aliis typis exprimenda curavi, alias non indigna Lactantio. BUNEM.

In angustum coarctanda ("to be compressed into a narrow space"). The manuscript has coarlanda: perhaps this last word would be derived from artus ("tight"), as the most learned Pfaff says. They say the words in angustum are missing in the manuscript, yet I read them in the autograph of the most distinguished Pfaff. — In angustum coarctanda. Seneca, On the Happy Life, ch. 4: "The army is now spread more widely, now compressed into a narrow space." Book VII of the Natural Questions, ch. 27, at the end: "Not thrown together and confined into a narrow space." Lactantius, Book VII, ch. 16: "The day will be compressed into a narrow space." If Clericus's anonymous writer, p. 342, is to be believed, the Turin manuscript does not have the words in angustum: so I have enclosed them in brackets and had them printed in other type, though they are otherwise not unworthy of Lactantius. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Brevitate) · col 1019 Brevitate. Ms. habet brebitate, facili permutatione v in b. Sic infra breviare, ubi ms. habet brebiare. Sic et sub. fin. cap. 5.

Brevitate. The manuscript has brebitate, by the easy exchange of v for b. So below at breviare, where the manuscript has brebiare. So also towards the end of ch. 5.

(lemma: Praeteriri) · col 1019 Praeteriri. In ms. preteriri. Hoc vulgatum est in mss. ubi e pro ae.

Praeteriri. In the manuscript, preteriri. This is common in manuscripts, where e stands for ae.

(lemma: Quid potest utile, quid apertum) · col 1019 Quid potest utile, quid apertum. Habet BUN: — « Quid poterit.. quid apertum. Sic in ms. Vid. Clericus, p. 342, 343. Loco vacuo Pfaffius posuit utile, ac poterit in potest mutavit. Sed majus est vacuum illud spatium, quam ut illud implendo sufficiat verbum utile. Haec Heumannus, cui verba, quibus sublatis videri, glossema videntur. Forte quid poterit perspicuum, quid apertum utile, legendum. »

Quid potest utile, quid apertum ("what can be useful, what plain"). Bünemann has: — "Quid poterit.. quid apertum. So in the manuscript. See Clericus, pp. 342, 343. In the blank space Pfaff put utile, and changed poterit to potest. But that empty space is larger than the word utile is enough to fill. So Heumann, to whom the words quibus sublatis videri seem a gloss. Perhaps we should read quid poterit perspicuum, quid apertum utile."

(lemma: Esse) · col 1019 Esse. Subaudi providentiam.

Esse. Understand providentiam ("providence").

(lemma: Ut) · col 1019 Ut. Non extat in ms.

Ut. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Quoniam) · col 1019 Quoniam. Hoc verbum minus apte hic dicitur; legendumque potius esset, itaque certum est esse providentiam. Quia ex mundi creatione et Constanti regimine probatur non credentibus esse providentiam; non autem Epicureo dici potest: Providentia est, hinc fit ut omnia summa sapientia regantur. Prius ipsi probandum est esse providentiam; quod fit optime ex universi dispositione et temperatione. — Quoniam certum est esse providentiam. Ab his verbis incipio secundum caput. Post plures annos adeptus Davisii editionem, video idem ipsi placuisse. Unde haud necesse est cum Heumanno legere, quare jam certe est. BUN.

Quoniam. This word is said less fittingly here; it should rather be read, "and so it is certain that there is providence." For it is from the creation of the world and its constant government that the existence of providence is proved to unbelievers; but one cannot say to an Epicurean, "There is providence, hence it comes about that all things are ruled by the highest wisdom." First it must be proved to him that there is providence; which is best done from the arrangement and tempering of the universe. — Quoniam certum est esse providentiam ("since it is certain that there is providence"). With these words I begin the second chapter. Having obtained Davies's edition after several years, I see that he took the same view. Hence there is no need to read with Heumann quare jam certe est. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Ambiguitatis) · col 1019 Ambiguitatis. In ms. ambiguitas.

Ambiguitatis. In the manuscript, ambiguitas.

(lemma: Intelliget) · col 1019 Intelliget. In ms. intelleget.

Intelliget. In the manuscript, intelleget.

(lemma: Rerum summa) · col 1019 Rerum summa. Buneman. habet tantum summa sine voce rerum, et notam sequentem exhibet. — Pfaffius ediderat, rerum summa. Abest a ms. rerum, teste anonym. Clerici, pag. 346, nec habent ipsae Institutiones. Lib. I, 3: non poterit summa constare; ubi plura dedi. Conf. de Ira, c. 11.

Rerum summa. Bünemann has only summa, without the word rerum, and gives the following note. — Pfaff had printed rerum summa. Rerum is absent from the manuscript, on the testimony of Clericus's anonymous writer, p. 346, nor do the Institutes themselves have it. Book I, 3: "the sum will not be able to stand"; where I have given more. Compare On the Anger of God, ch. 11.

(lemma: Regibus) · col 1019 Regibus. Ex Virg. l. IV Georg., vs. 68.

Regibus. From Virgil, Georgics Book IV, line 68.

(lemma: Obtineat) · col 1019 Obtineat. In optineat; sic infra ms. optineri et optineant.

Obtineat. In [the manuscript], optineat; so below the manuscript has optineri and optineant.

(lemma: Moribus) · col 1019 Moribus. Davisius legit viribus.

Moribus. Davies reads viribus.

(lemma: Republica) · col 1019 Republica. In ms. re p.

Republica. In the manuscript, re p.

(lemma: Omnis) · col 1019 Omnis. Dicitur abesse a ms.

Omnis. It is said to be absent from the manuscript.

(lemma: Nec condi quidem) · col 1019 Nec condi quidem. Mallem ne condi quidem; c ex sequenti voce repetitum. Emendavimus saepe illud nec in aliis Lact. locis, c. 9, lib. II, c. 5. Conspirat Davisius.

Nec condi quidem. I should prefer ne condi quidem; the c is repeated from the following word. We have often emended that nec in other passages of Lactantius, ch. 9, Book II, ch. 5. Davies agrees.

(lemma: Illud) · col 1020 Illud. In ms. illut.

Illud. In the manuscript, illut.

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VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Non) · col 1021 Non. Pro non., in ms. quam rectissime. Subauditur potius.

Non. For non., the manuscript has quam, most correctly. Potius ("rather") is understood.

(lemma: Impassibilis) · col 1021 Impassibilis. In ms. inpassibilis.

Impassibilis. In the manuscript, inpassibilis.

(lemma: Prophetis) · col 1021 Prophetis. De his agit cap. 2, lib. I.

Prophetis. He treats of these in Book I, ch. 2.

(lemma: Et vates) · col 1021 Et vates. Dicitur abesse a mss.

Et vates. It is said to be absent from the manuscripts.

(lemma: Singulari) · col 1021 Singulari. Sic legitur passim singularis Deus apud Lactantium. Vide not. ad caput 5 libri de Mortibus Persecutorum. Sic libro II, cap. 17, circa finem, veri Dei ac singularis, et infra sub finem cap. 4.

Singulari. So singularis Deus ("the sole God") is read throughout Lactantius. See the note on ch. 5 of the book On the Deaths of the Persecutors. So in Book II, ch. 17, near the end, "of the true and sole God," and below towards the end of ch. 4.

(lemma: Summum Deum) · col 1021 Summum Deum. Centies apud Lactantium has voces reperies.

Summum Deum. You will find these words a hundred times in Lactantius.

(lemma: Plato) · col 1021 Plato. Vox Plato non extat in ms. sed ea legitur in capite 5 libri primi circa finem.

Plato. The word Plato does not appear in the manuscript, but it is read in ch. 5 of the first book, near the end.

(lemma: Et) · col 1021 Et. Deest apud Pfaffium, sed restituit anonymus ex ipso ms.

Et. It is missing in Pfaff, but the anonymous writer restored it from the manuscript itself.

(lemma: Antisthenes) · col 1021 Antisthenes. Hos eosdem philosophos appellat eodem capite 5. Lactantius ut isto capite, nulla habita temporum ratione, sed prout ejus memoriae occurrebant.

Antisthenes. He names these same philosophers in the same ch. 5. Lactantius [names them] as in that chapter, with no account taken of chronology, but as they came to his memory.

(lemma: Totius) · col 1021 Totius. Ms. utius habet: recte legit totius doctus hujus libri editor primarius; posset tamen legi hujus, quod aeque optimum efficeret sensum.

Totius. The manuscript has utius: the learned first editor of this book rightly reads totius; yet hujus could be read, which would give an equally excellent sense.

(lemma: Et ab eo solo regi mundum affirmaverint) · col 1021 Et ab eo solo regi mundum affirmaverint. Septem haec verba, quae absunt a Pfaffio, dicuntur inesse in ms.

Et ab eo solo regi mundum affirmaverint ("and have affirmed that the world is ruled by him alone"). These seven words, which are absent from Pfaff, are said to be in the manuscript.

(lemma: Apud) · col 1022 Apud. In ms. aput.

Apud. In the manuscript, aput.

(lemma: Intelligere) · col 1022 Intelligere. In ms. intellegere.

Intelligere. In the manuscript, intellegere.

(lemma: Sibyllas) · col 1022 Sibyllas. De Sibyllis vide notam nostram, cap. 6, lib. I.

Sibyllas. On the Sibyls see our note at Book I, ch. 6.

(lemma: Cimmeriam) · col 1022 Cimmeriam. In ms. Cimmeam, quod doctiss. Pfaffius interpretatur Cumaeam: at J. B. le Brun putat esse Cimmeriam.

Cimmeriam. In the manuscript, Cimmeam, which the most learned Pfaff interprets as Cumaeam; but J. B. le Brun thinks it is Cimmeriam.

(lemma: Samiam) · col 1022 Samiam. In ms. Sammaiam.

Samiam. In the manuscript, Sammaiam.

(lemma: Albunea) · col 1022 Albunea. Habet Bunem.: — « Albuneae. Sic in ms., teste Anonymo Cler., pag. 350. Pfaffius Albunea edidit. HEUM. Est dandi casus Albuneae elegantior. Sic solet; ut lib. I, cap. 11, Agesilao, Urano, in notis. »

Albunea. Bünemann has: — "Albuneae. So in the manuscript, on the testimony of Clericus's anonymous writer, p. 350. Pfaff printed Albunea. HEUMANN. The dative Albuneae is more elegant. So he is wont to write; as in Book I, ch. 11, Agesilao, Urano, in the notes."

(lemma: Cumaeae) · col 1022 Cumaeae. In ms. Cumanae.

Cumaeae. In the manuscript, Cumanae.

(lemma: Cumaeam) · col 1022 Cumaeam. In ms. Cymaeam.

Cumaeam. In the manuscript, Cymaeam.

(lemma: Revertendum) · col 1022 Revertendum. In ms. dicit anonymus legi recurrendum est.

Revertendum. The anonymous writer says that recurrendum est is read in the manuscript.

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VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Cum) · col 1023 Cum. In ms. secum: sed mendum est.

Cum. In the manuscript, secum; but it is a mistake.

(lemma: Ipse) · col 1023 Ipse. In ms. ipsi: at rursus mendum. — Ipsi sexus, num. plur. qui non debebat mutari. Lact. lib. I, c. 8: Apparet, Herculem Jovemque... homines fuisse, quoniam sunt ex duobus sexibus nati; saepius in plurali, lib. I, cap. 6: Duo sexus generandi causa instituti, recepta sexuum diversitate; et postea, duos esse sexus deorum. Adde lib. VI, cap. 23. BUN.

Ipse. In the manuscript, ipsi; but again a mistake. — Ipsi sexus, plural number, which ought not to have been changed. Lactantius, Book I, ch. 8: "It is plain that Hercules and Jupiter ... were men, since they were born of the two sexes"; more often in the plural, Book I, ch. 6: "Two sexes were instituted for the sake of generation," once the difference of the sexes was received; and afterwards, "that there are two sexes of the gods." Add Book VI, ch. 23. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Voluptas) · col 1023 Voluptas. In ms. voluntas.

Voluptas. In the manuscript, voluntas.

(lemma: Positisque) · col 1023 Positisque. In ms. positique.

Positisque. In the manuscript, positique.

(lemma: Computantur anni) · col 1023 Computantur anni. Numerum annorum non apposuit Lactant. cap. 9, lib. I, verum non longe a scopo hic aberrat. Argonautarum enim expeditio suscepta est annis octoginta tribus ante eversam Trojam: a Troja capta ad primam Olympiadem intercedunt anni quadringenti triginta tres, a prima vero Olympiade ad tempus quo scripsit Lactantius, computantur mille ac sedecim anni; quae omnia conficiunt annos 1532.

Computantur anni. Lactantius did not give the number of years in Book I, ch. 9, but here he does not stray far from the mark. For the expedition of the Argonauts was undertaken eighty-three years before the overthrow of Troy; from the capture of Troy to the first Olympiad four hundred and thirty-three years intervene, and from the first Olympiad to the time when Lactantius wrote one thousand and sixteen years are counted; all of which make up 1532 years.

(lemma: Alcmenae) · col 1023 Alcmenae. In ms. Alcimenae.

Alcmenae. In the manuscript, Alcimenae.

(lemma: Genitus) · col 1023 Genitus. Hic et in aliis Lactantii libris agitur de Hercule Graecorum, de quo vide annotationem nostram ad caput 9 libri primi.

Genitus. Here and in the other books of Lactantius the subject is the Hercules of the Greeks, on whom see our annotation on ch. 9 of the first book.

(lemma: Megaram) · col 1024 Megaram. Eam non nominaverat Lactantius cap. 9 lib. I.

Megaram. Lactantius had not named her in Book I, ch. 9.

(lemma: Veste, etc.) · col 1023 Veste, etc. Haec non expresserat, Lactantius lib. I, cap. 9.

Veste, etc. Lactantius had not expressed these things in Book I, ch. 9.

(lemma: Eoque) · col 1024 Eoque. Legendum, in eoque.

Eoque. Read in eoque.

(lemma: Cicero) · col 1024 Cicero. Cic. de Natura deorum lib. III, cap. 22.

Cicero. Cicero, On the Nature of the Gods, Book III, ch. 22.

(lemma: Gemitus suos inscripsit in flore) · col 1024 Gemitus suos inscripsit in flore. Imitatur Ovidium Metam., X, 215: Ipse suos gemitus foliis inscribit, et Ai Ai / Flos habet inscriptum.

Gemitus suos inscripsit in flore ("he inscribed his groans on the flower"). He imitates Ovid, Metamorphoses X, 215: "He himself inscribes his groans upon the petals, and the flower bears AI AI written on it."

(lemma: Ariadnem) · col 1024 Ariadnem. In ms. Arianam.

Ariadnem. In the manuscript, Arianam.

(lemma: Mater ipsa, etc.) · col 1024 Mater ipsa, etc. Id est mater deorum, quae est Rhea, vel alio nomine Cybeles. Haec usque ad finem capitis referuntur ad caput 21 libri primi.

Mater ipsa, etc. That is, the mother of the gods, who is Rhea, or by another name Cybele. These words, to the end of the chapter, refer to ch. 21 of the first book.

(lemma: Adolescentem) · col 1024 Adolescentem. In ms. adulescentem, more usitato in antiquis mss. Hic fuit Attis de quo vide not. ad pag. 95, tom. I.

Adolescentem. In the manuscript, adulescentem, after the usual fashion in old manuscripts. This was Attis, on whom see the note at p. 95, vol. I.

(printed under page 523)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Regnaret) · col 1025 Regnaret. In ms. regnat. Sed legendum regnaret, ut conjicere licet ex capite 17 libri I.

Regnaret. In the manuscript, regnat. But regnaret should be read, as may be conjectured from ch. 17 of Book I.

(lemma: Semen) · col 1025 Semen. Non extat in ms., sed legitur in capite 17 libri I.

Semen. It does not appear in the manuscript, but it is read in ch. 17 of Book I.

(lemma: Relegavit) · col 1025 Relegavit. Ita legendum profecto, non quidem ex mss. ubi est religavit, verum ex fine cap. 17 lib. I Div. Institut., ubi legitur: Quid secretae sedes? quid relegatio vel tam longe, vel ad mulierem, vel in solitudinem? Sic et Virgilius Aeneid. VII, vers. 775, de eodem Hippolyto dicit: Et nymphae Egeriae nemorique relegat, / Solus ubi in sylvis Italis ignobilis aevum / Exigeret, versoque ubi nomine Virbius esset.

Relegavit. So it should certainly be read, not indeed from the manuscripts, where it is religavit, but from the end of Book I, ch. 17 of the Divine Institutes, where we read: "Why the secret dwelling? Why the banishment so far away, or to a woman, or into solitude?" So Virgil too, Aeneid VII, line 775, says of the same Hippolytus: "And banishes him to the nymph Egeria and her grove, where alone in the Italian woods, unknown, he might live out his life, and where, his name changed, he would be Virbius."

(lemma: Aetatem ageret) · col 1025 Aetatem ageret. Habet Bunem.: — « Exigeret aetatem. Paris. et Walch. editiones, ageret: sed ex manuscripto damus, auctore Pfaffio, exigeret, ut dixit ex Virgilio de eodem Hippolyto Lact. lib. I, cap. 17: Solus ubi ignobilis aevum / Exigeret; atque nemo nescit Terentii et Ciceronis phrasim, exigere aetatem. Eadem usus Plinius lib. VII Hist. Nat., cap. 43: In quibus quaerendis sapientes aetatem exigerent. »

Aetatem ageret. Bünemann has: — "Exigeret aetatem. The Paris and Walch editions have ageret; but we give exigeret from the manuscript, on Pfaff's authority, as Lactantius said, from Virgil, of the same Hippolytus in Book I, ch. 17: 'where alone, unknown, he might live out his life'; and no one is unaware of the phrase of Terence and Cicero, exigere aetatem. Pliny used the same in Natural History Book VII, ch. 43: 'in seeking which wise men would spend their lives.'"

(lemma: Potestatis) · col 1025 Potestatis. Apud Buneman. vero legitur, pietatis, et in hanc vocem notam sequentem exhibet. — Pietatis. Ita certus correxi, ubi in Pfaffii et Walch. editionibus potestatis erat. Nam libri I cap. 1: Nonne (Jupiter) a prima sua pueritia impius, cum patrem regno expulit, et fugavit? Docui et alibi has voces in Lactantio confundi. Mecum faciunt Davisius et Heumannus. Conf. ad Epit. c. 69. BUN.

Potestatis. In Bünemann, however, pietatis is read, and he gives the following note on this word. — Pietatis. So I have corrected with confidence, where the editions of Pfaff and Walch had potestatis. For Book I, ch. 1: "Was not (Jupiter) impious from his earliest boyhood, when he drove his father from the kingdom and put him to flight?" I have shown elsewhere too that these words are confused in Lactantius. Davies and Heumann side with me. Compare on the Epitome, ch. 69. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Almenam) · col 1025 Almenam. Ita etiam est in ms. Sed legendum Alcmenam, Amphitryonis uxorem. Leda vero fuit Tyndari Laconiae regis uxor.

Almenam. So it is also in the manuscript. But Alcmenam should be read, the wife of Amphitryon. Leda, however, was the wife of Tyndareus, king of Laconia.

(lemma: Thetide) · col 1025 Thetide. In ms. Theude: sed erratum est amanuensis.

Thetide. In the manuscript, Theude; but it is a copyist's error.

(lemma: Imbecillis ac minoris) · col 1025 Imbecillis ac minoris. In ms. imbecillis a minoris: sed naevum est.

Imbecillis ac minoris. In the manuscript, imbecillis a minoris; but it is a blemish.

(lemma: Jovem) · col 1025 Jovem. Non extat in ms.

Jovem. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Quis est taurus) · col 1025 Quis est taurus. Haec explicatiora sunt in Epitome, quam in ipso lib. I, c. 11.

Quis est taurus. These things are set out more fully in the Epitome than in Book I, ch. 11 itself.

(lemma: Confinxisse) · col 1026 Confinxisse. In ms. confixisse.

Confinxisse. In the manuscript, confixisse.

(lemma: Et quaedam) · col 1026 Et quaedam. Lege sed quaedam.

Et quaedam. Read sed quaedam.

(lemma: Praefigurasse) · col 1026 Praefigurasse. In ms. praefugurasse: sed mendum est.

Praefigurasse. In the manuscript, praefugurasse; but it is a mistake.

(lemma: Tale) · col 1026 Tale. Heumannus putat legendum esse tamen.

Tale. Heumann thinks tamen should be read.

(lemma: Obtinuerit) · col 1026 Obtinuerit. In ms. optinuerit.

Obtinuerit. In the manuscript, optinuerit.

(lemma: Poetae) · col 1026 Poetae. In ms. Potae, scriptio mendosa.

Poetae. In the manuscript, Potae, a faulty spelling.

(printed under page 524)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Ac) · col 1027 Ac. Heumannus legit tam.

Ac. Heumann reads tam.

(lemma: Utique) · col 1027 Utique. Heumannus legit itaque. Haec omnia ex conjectura.

Utique. Heumann reads itaque. All these are by conjecture.

(lemma: Scriptor) · col 1027 Scriptor. In ms. Scriblor.

Scriptor. In the manuscript, Scriblor.

(lemma: Inscriptionibus) · col 1027 Inscriptionibus. In ms. Inscribtionibus; in utroque verbo p in b mutato.

Inscriptionibus. In the manuscript, Inscribtionibus; in both words p is changed to b.

(lemma: Latinam) · col 1027 Latinam. Lege Latinum, vel supple linguam.

Latinam. Read Latinum, or supply linguam ("language").

(lemma: Scripta) · col 1027 Scripta. In ms. Scribta; sicut et infra scriptione, in ms. scribtione. Ita semper legitur in ms. Taurin.

Scripta. In the manuscript, Scribta; as also below, for scriptione the manuscript has scribtione. So it is always read in the Turin manuscript.

(lemma: Circumivisset) · col 1027 Circumivisset. In ms. circumisset.

Circumivisset. In the manuscript, circumisset.

(lemma: Hominibus) · col 1027 Hominibus. Adde dedisset.

Hominibus. Add dedisset ("had given").

(lemma: In terramque) · col 1027 In terramque. Heumannus legit in terraque, ut habetur Instit. lib. I, c. 13 et 14.

In terramque. Heumann reads in terraque, as it stands in the Institutes, Book I, chs. 13 and 14.

(lemma: Sequitur) · col 1028 Sequitur. Deest itaque Epitome libri primi cap. 12, et caeterorum usque ad 20.

Sequitur. So the Epitome of ch. 12 of the first book, and of the rest up to 20, is missing.

(lemma: Remique) · col 1028 Remique. In ms. Rem. que.

Remique. In the manuscript, Rem. que.

(lemma: Larentinalia) · col 1028 Larentinalia. In ms. Larentali. — Ms. non Laurentinali, sed Larentali, ex secundis Pfaffii curis; ex quo propius fingas Larentalia. Sic alii, et Ovidius III Fast., v. 55: Non ego te, tantae nutrix Larentia gentis, / Nec taceam vestras, Faustule pauper, opes. / Vester honos veniet, cum Larentalia dicam. / Acceptus geniis illa December habet. BUN.

Larentinalia. In the manuscript, Larentali. — The manuscript has not Laurentinali but Larentali, according to Pfaff's second thoughts; from which you might more nearly form Larentalia. So others, and Ovid, Fasti III, line 55: "Nor would I pass over you, Larentia, nurse of so great a race, nor your riches, poor Faustulus. Your honour will come when I tell of the Larentalia; December holds that feast, dear to the genii." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Vulgati corporis) · col 1028 Vulgati corporis. Id est, prostituti. Vide not. ad cap. 17 et 20 libri I.

Vulgati corporis. That is, prostituted. See the notes on chs. 17 and 20 of Book I.

(lemma: Speciem) · col 1028 Speciem. In ms. specie.

Speciem. In the manuscript, specie.

(lemma: Ludi Floralia) · col 1028 Ludi Floralia. Supple dicti vel quos appellant floralia, ut lib. I Div. Instit.

Ludi Floralia. Supply dicti ("called"), or "which they call Floralia," as in Book I of the Divine Institutes.

(lemma: Panem) · col 1028 Panem. In ms. pacem.

Panem. In the manuscript, pacem.

(lemma: Alios deos) · col 1028 Alios deos. Sequuntur sola foeminina; et tamen hic et paulo post deos in mascul. vocat. Nimirum Latini, maxime poetae, deas saepe vocant deos. BUN.

Alios deos. Only feminine names follow; and yet here and a little after he calls them deos in the masculine. Of course the Latins, especially the poets, often call goddesses deos. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Rubiginem) · col 1028 Rubiginem. In ms. robiginem.

Rubiginem. In the manuscript, robiginem.

(printed under page 525)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Sterculum) · col 1029 Sterculum, vel Sterculium, ut in l. X, c. 20, legitur.

Sterculum, or Sterculium, as is read in Book X, ch. 20.

(lemma: Qui fimo pinguefacere) · col 1029 Qui fimo pinguefacere. Ita apparet legendum esse, etsi scripserit librarius fumo. Pfaffius, Paris. et Walch. editiones fumo male retinuere. BUN.

Qui fimo pinguefacere ("who [taught] to enrich with dung"). So it plainly should be read, although the scribe wrote fumo ("smoke"). Pfaff and the Paris and Walch editions wrongly kept fumo. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Quam) · col 1029 Quam. In ms. Quae.

Quam. In the manuscript, Quae.

(lemma: Et) · col 1029 Et. Deest in ms.

Et. It is missing in the manuscript.

(lemma: Et Picum ...... valuit) · col 1029 Et Picum...... valuit. Haec verba in Paris., Walch., Davis., Heuman. editionibus non comparent: dedimus ope Pfaffii ex manuscripto. BUN. — Has voces addimus in nostra editione ex O. Fr. Fritzsche, qui nobis assentit.

Et Picum ...... valuit. These words do not appear in the Paris, Walch, Davies and Heumann editions; we have given them from the manuscript with Pfaff's help. BÜNEMANN. — We add these words in our edition from O. F. Fritzsche, who agrees with us.

(lemma: Fatuam) · col 1029 Fatuam. In ms. Fentan. Vide Div. Instit., lib. I, cap. 22, et not. ibidem.

Fatuam. In the manuscript, Fentan. See the Divine Institutes, Book I, ch. 22, and the note there.

(lemma: Novis) · col 1029 Novis. In ms. nobis, modo scribendi usitato in hoc ms.

Novis. In the manuscript, nobis, in the manner of writing usual in this manuscript.

(lemma: Et) · col 1029 Et. Deest in ms.

Et. It is missing in the manuscript.

(lemma: Ahena) · col 1029 Ahena. In ms. aena.

Ahena. In the manuscript, aena.

(lemma: Sic isti) · col 1029 Sic isti. Ita etiam legitur lib. I Div. Institut., cap. 22. Vide ibi not.

Sic isti. So it is also read in Book I of the Divine Institutes, ch. 22. See the note there.

(lemma: In ahenis) · col 1029 In ahenis. In ms. in haenis.

In ahenis. In the manuscript, in haenis.

(lemma: Picta) · col 1029 Picta. Lege ficta, ut c. 22 libri I.

Picta. Read ficta, as in ch. 22 of Book I.

(lemma: Comparari) · col 1029 Comparari. Davisius putat legendum computari, nec inepte.

Comparari. Davies thinks computari should be read, and not unfittingly.

(lemma: Latiaris) · col 1030 Latiaris. Ita in ms. in editis erat Latialis. Utraque lectio recepta. Sequor manuscriptum.

Latiaris. So in the manuscript; in the printed editions it was Latialis. Both readings are accepted. I follow the manuscript.

(lemma: Saturnum) · col 1030 Saturnum. Legitur in ms.: Etiam ante Saturno..... dejiciebantur. Scriptura manuscripti Taurin.: Ante Saturno, quod pace clarissimi Pfaffii dixerim, non debuit mutari in ante Saturnum in Paris. editione, neque enim ullus unquam tradidit, ante Saturnum sexagenarios de ponte in Tiberim dejectos esse; ad ipsum enim Saturnum haec pertinent, et ante significat adverbialiter hoc modo: Saturno etiam antea homines in Tiberim pro sacrificio dejiciebantur. Ita Lactant., lib. I, cap. 21: Saturnus in Latio eodem genere sacrificii cultus est: non quidem ut homo ad aram immolaretur; sed uti in Tiberim de ponte Milvio mitteretur, quod ex responso quodam (Apollinis) factitatum Varro auctor est, cujus responsi ultimus versus est talis: Καὶ κεφαλὰς Κρονίδῃ, καὶ τῷ πατρὶ πέμπετε φῶτα. Quod quia videtur ambiguum, et fax illi, et homo jaci solet. BUN.

Saturnum. The manuscript reads: Etiam ante Saturno..... dejiciebantur. The reading of the Turin manuscript, Ante Saturno, ought not (with all respect to the most distinguished Pfaff) to have been changed to ante Saturnum in the Paris edition; for no one ever related that men of sixty were thrown from the bridge into the Tiber before Saturn's time. These things belong to Saturn himself, and ante has adverbial force, in this way: "To Saturn too, formerly, men were thrown into the Tiber as a sacrifice." So Lactantius, Book I, ch. 21: "Saturn was worshipped in Latium with the same kind of sacrifice: not indeed that a man was slain at the altar, but that he was thrown into the Tiber from the Milvian bridge, which Varro states was done in accordance with a certain oracle (of Apollo), the last verse of which is this: 'And send heads to the son of Cronus, and men [or: lights] to the father.'" Because this seems ambiguous, both a torch and a man are customarily thrown to him. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Prosecrabunt) · col 1030 Prosecrabunt. Heumannus legit, prosecabant.

Prosecrabunt. Heumann reads prosecabant.

(lemma: Et) · col 1030 Et. Non extat in ms. Heumannus putat et delendum esse.

Et. It does not appear in the manuscript. Heumann thinks et should be deleted.

(lemma: Amputatis) · col 1030 Amputatis. In ms. jamputatis.

Amputatis. In the manuscript, jamputatis.

(lemma: Sectis humeris) · col 1030 Sectis humeris. In ms. secuti sumeris.

Sectis humeris. In the manuscript, secuti sumeris.

(lemma: Crudelia) · col 1030 Crudelia. Clariss. Pfaffius judicat addendum esse sunt.

Crudelia. The most distinguished Pfaff judges that sunt should be added.

(lemma: Tunsisque pectoribus) · col 1030 Tunsisque pectoribus. Lact. lib. I Institut., cap. 21, Sacerdotes ejus (Isidis) deglabrato corpore sua pectora tundunt. Lamprid. in Commodo, cap. 9: Sacra Isidis coluit, ut et caput raderet, et Anubin portaret. Bellonae servientes vere exsecare brachium praecepit studio crudelitatis; Isiacos vero pineis usque ad perniciem pectus tundere cogebat. BUN.

Tunsisque pectoribus ("their breasts beaten"). Lactantius, Institutes Book I, ch. 21: "Her (Isis's) priests, their bodies shaven, beat their breasts." Lampridius, Life of Commodus, ch. 9: "He observed the rites of Isis, so far as to shave his head and carry the Anubis. He ordered the servants of Bellona really to cut their arms, out of zeal for cruelty; and he forced the devotees of Isis to beat their breasts with pine-cones to the point of death." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Rhodi) · col 1030 Rhodi. In ms. Rhodii.

Rhodi. In the manuscript, Rhodii.

(lemma: Celebrantur) · col 1030 Celebrantur. In ms. celebratur.

Celebrantur. In the manuscript, celebratur.

(printed under page 526)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Injuriam suam conviciis ultus) · col 1031 Injuriam suam conviciis ultus. Lib. I, cap. 21; injuriam suam (sibi illatam) maledictis ultus est. Passive ita voce injuria saepe utitur, c. 9, lib. II, cap. 4: Saeviunt, ne si deorum injuriam non vindicaverint, ipsos expectant poenae. Lib. V, cap. 20. BUN.

Injuriam suam conviciis ultus ("having avenged his wrong with abuse"). Book I, ch. 21: "he avenged his wrong (the wrong done to him) with curses." He often uses the word injuria passively in this way, ch. 9; Book II, ch. 4: "They rage, lest, if they have not avenged the wrong done to the gods, punishment await themselves." Book V, ch. 20. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Sancitum) · col 1031 Sancitum. In ms. sanctum.

Sancitum. In the manuscript, sanctum.

(lemma: Ἐξηγήσεως) · col 1031 Ἐξηγήσεως. Ms. ἐξητήσεως, Latine, libri Expositionis Pindaricae.

Ἐξηγήσεως. The manuscript has ἐξητήσεως; in Latin, "of the book of the Exposition of Pindar."

(lemma: Melissa) · col 1031 Melissa. In ms. Tellisa. Vide libri I Institut. cap. 22. Bunemm. legit in eodem ms. Melissea.

Melissa. In the manuscript, Tellisa. See Book I of the Institutes, ch. 22. Bünemann reads Melissea in the same manuscript.

(lemma: Et primum diis... Vestae) · col 1031 Et primum diis... Vestae. Malim.: Et diis sacrificasse, id est Vestae, et postmodum Deum matri. Sic enim opinor, sententia recte procedit, et ordine; alioqui vero perturbatior videtur. Vide Lact. Divin. Inst., lib. I, cap. 22. DAVIS.

Et primum diis... Vestae. I should prefer: "and that he sacrificed to the gods, that is, to Vesta, and afterwards to the Mother of the gods." For so, I think, the sentence proceeds rightly and in order; otherwise it seems rather confused. See Lactantius, Divine Institutes, Book I, ch. 22. DAVIES.

(lemma: Historia) · col 1031 Historia. In ms. storia.

Historia. In the manuscript, storia.

(lemma: Quemque) · col 1031 Quemque. Ita ms. sed lege quemcumque.

Quemque. So the manuscript, but read quemcumque.

(lemma: Jubebat) · col 1031 Jubebat. In ms. Juvebat.

Jubebat. In the manuscript, Juvebat.

(lemma: Nominis) · col 1031 Nominis. Heuman. legit numinis.

Nominis. Heumann reads numinis.

(lemma: Isti) · col 1031 Isti. Non hospites Jovis, ut Pfaffius, sed ipsum Jovem et Melissea denotari puto. DAVIS.

Isti. I think it is not Jupiter's hosts, as Pfaff holds, but Jupiter himself and Melisseus who are meant. DAVIES.

(lemma: Isti fuerint) · col 1031 Isti fuerint. Id est quando, aut quo tempore isti hospites vixerint.

Isti fuerint. That is, when, or at what time, these hosts lived.

(lemma: Belum) · col 1031 Belum. In ms. Bellum, sed male.

Belum. In the manuscript, Bellum, but wrongly.

(lemma: Annis) · col 1031 Annis. De his annis, vide lib. I, cap. 23, pagina 109, tom. I.

Annis. On these years, see Book I, ch. 23, page 109, vol. I.

(lemma: Novis) · col 1032 Novis. In ms. nobis; littera enim v semper fere per b exprimitur.

Novis. In the manuscript, nobis; for the letter v is almost always expressed by b.

(lemma: Qua reddunt) · col 1032 Qua reddunt. Haec verba quid sibi velint, divinare non possum. Locus enim valde mendosus est. Verum Heumannus putat legendum esse, Quare nec intelligunt; idque ut videtur, sat bene.

Qua reddunt. What these words mean I cannot guess, for the passage is badly corrupt. But Heumann thinks Quare nec intelligunt should be read; and that, it seems, well enough.

(lemma: Sublati) · col 1032 Sublati. Forsan legendum est, subtrahi. — Furto sublati. Bunem. vero legit: Sublabi, et notam sequentem exhibet: — Sublabi. Ita volente Pfaffio legendum, qui notam suam in Parisiensi deletam voluit; unde in Paris., Walch., Davis., editionibus, prave, sublati. BUNEM.

Sublati. Perhaps subtrahi should be read. — Furto sublati. Bünemann, however, reads Sublabi, and gives the following note: — Sublabi. So it is to be read, as Pfaff wished, who wanted his note in the Paris edition deleted; whence in the Paris, Walch and Davies editions, wrongly, sublati. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Optimas) · col 1032 Optimas. Heumannus legit opimas.

Optimas. Heumann reads opimas.

(lemma: Uti possunt) · col 1032 Uti possunt. Lege iis uti possint.

Uti possunt. Read iis uti possint.

(printed under page 527)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Sursum) · col 1033 Sursum. In ms., susum; sed mendum est.

Sursum. In the manuscript, susum; but it is a mistake.

(lemma: Rationabiles) · col 1033 Rationabiles. Ita ms., at legitur in edit. Paris., irrationabiles; sed male. Vid. praeced. et seq.

Rationabiles. So the manuscript; but irrationabiles is read in the Paris edition, wrongly. See what precedes and follows.

(lemma: Ac) · col 1033 Ac. In ms. ad.

Ac. In the manuscript, ad.

(lemma: In quos) · col 1033 In quos. In deest in ms.

In quos. In is missing in the manuscript.

(lemma: In qua posuerat ei) · col 1034 In qua posuerat ei. Pronomen ei deletum vult Davisius. Certe sine hoc pronomine, l. II, c. 12: In qua posuerat intelligentiam boni et mali. BUN.

In qua posuerat ei. Davies wants the pronoun ei deleted. Certainly it is without this pronoun in Book II, ch. 12: "in which he had placed the knowledge of good and evil." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Sancto) · col 1034 Sancto. In ms. Sco, quod potest et sancto et sacro intelligi.

Sancto. In the manuscript, Sco, which can be understood both as sancto and as sacro.

(lemma: Irrepere) · col 1034 Irrepere. Anonym. legit irrumpere.

Irrepere. The anonymous writer reads irrumpere.

(lemma: Tum) · col 1034 Tum. Additum ex ms. Taur.

Tum. Added from the Turin manuscript.

(lemma: Livore) · col 1034 Livore. In ms. libere. — Livore. Ita recte correctum. Conf. l. II, c. 8, suapte invidia, tamquam veneno infectus est... Unde apparet cunctorum malorum fontem esse livorem. BUN.

Livore. In the manuscript, libere. — Livore. So rightly corrected. Compare Book II, ch. 8: "he was infected by his own envy as by a poison..." Whence it appears that envy is the source of all evils. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 528)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Eos) · col 1035 Eos. Non extat in ms.

Eos. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Rarum) · col 1035 Rarum. In ms. rerum.

Rarum. In the manuscript, rerum.

(lemma: Et) · col 1035 Et. In ms. sed.

Et. In the manuscript, sed.

(lemma: Voluptates) · col 1035 Voluptates. In ms. voluntates.

Voluptates. In the manuscript, voluntates.

(lemma: Sententia) · col 1035 Sententia. In ms. sententiam. Clariss. Pfaffius putat legendum esse per sententiam Dei.

Sententia. In the manuscript, sententiam. The most distinguished Pfaff thinks per sententiam Dei ("by the sentence of God") should be read.

(lemma: Haberent) · col 1035 Haberent. In ms. habeant.

Haberent. In the manuscript, habeant.

(lemma: Solatium perditionis suae) · col 1035 Solatium perditionis suae. L. II, c. 14: Sic eos diabolus ex angelis Dei suos fecit satellites ac ministros... Hi... perditi per omnem terram vagantur, et solatium perditionis suae perdendis hominibus operantur. BUN.

Solatium perditionis suae ("comfort for their own ruin"). Book II, ch. 14: "So the devil made them, from angels of God, his own attendants and servants... These ... ruined, wander over the whole earth, and work at ruining men as a comfort for their own ruin." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Se) · col 1035 Se. Non extat in ms., ideo illud verbum ejecit Buneman.

Se. It does not appear in the manuscript; therefore Bünemann threw that word out.

(lemma: Rectoremque) · col 1035 Rectoremque. In ms. rectorem quae, sed erratum est.

Rectoremque. In the manuscript, rectorem quae; but it is an error.

(lemma: Hi) · col 1035 Hi. In ms. his.

Hi. In the manuscript, his.

(lemma: Aut) · col 1035 Aut. In ms. haut.

Aut. In the manuscript, haut.

(lemma: Amiserunt) · col 1035 Amiserunt. Heumannus legit amiserant.

Amiserunt. Heumann reads amiserant.

(lemma: Iidem) · col 1035 Iidem. In ms. idem.

Iidem. In the manuscript, idem.

(lemma: Circumscribendos) · col 1035 Circumscribendos. Id est, circumveniendos, vel fallendos.

Circumscribendos. That is, to be circumvented, or deceived.

(lemma: Necromantias) · col 1035 Necromantias. In ms. necyomantias, y pro r, litterarum affinitate. Attamen Heumannus putat, non immutandam esse lectionem ms., ac remittit ad Fabri Lexicon.

Necromantias. In the manuscript, necyomantias, y for r, by the likeness of the letters. Yet Heumann thinks the manuscript's reading should not be changed, and refers to Faber's Lexicon.

(lemma: Invenerunt) · col 1035 Invenerunt. Hoc verbum non extat in ms.

Invenerunt. This word does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Deludant) · col 1035 Deludant. Rectius deluderent, ne in temporum peccetur rationem... DAVIS.

Deludant. More correctly deluderent, so as not to offend against the sequence of tenses... DAVIES.

(lemma: Irrepunt) · col 1035 Irrepunt. In ms. inrepunt, n pro r, quod non raro in manuscriptis. — Irrepunt corporibus. L. I, c. 14: Insinuant se corporibus, et occulte valetudinem vitiant, morbos citant, somniis animas terrent, mentes furoribus quatiunt. BUN.

Irrepunt. In the manuscript, inrepunt, n for r, which happens not rarely in manuscripts. — Irrepunt corporibus ("they creep into bodies"). Book I, ch. 14: "They insinuate themselves into bodies, and secretly corrupt the health, stir up diseases, terrify souls with dreams, shake minds with frenzies." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Placati) · col 1035 Placati. In ms. placatis. — Placati. Recte correxit Pfaffius, l. II, c. 16, videri volunt id placati avertisse; et infra, quae pericula... sacrificiis placati averterunt. BUNEM.

Placati. In the manuscript, placatis. — Placati. Pfaff rightly corrected it; Book II, ch. 16: "they wish to seem to have averted it, being appeased"; and below, "which dangers ... being appeased by sacrifices they averted." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Plane terrores) · col 1035 Plane terrores. Nihil felicius emendatione Davisii, plena terroris legentis; nam lib. II, c. 14, somniis animos terrent. Ita sequentia bene fluunt. BUN.

Plane terrores. Nothing could be happier than the emendation of Davies, who reads plena terroris; for Book II, ch. 14: "they terrify minds with dreams." So what follows flows well. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Aut quorum exitus respondeant veritati) · col 1035 Aut quorum exitus respondeant veritati, ut venerationem sui, etc. At Heuman. legit, ut quae, cum exitus responderit veritati, venerationem sui, etc.

Aut quorum exitus respondeant veritati, ut venerationem sui, etc. But Heumann reads ut quae, cum exitus responderit veritati, venerationem sui, etc.

(lemma: Veniret) · col 1035 Veniret. Davisius, approbante anonymo Britanno, venerit. Servo cum Heumanno veniret. BUN.

Veniret. Davies, with the approval of the anonymous Briton, has venerit. With Heumann I keep veniret. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Sed dicit) · col 1036 Sed dicit. Lege, sed dicat, vel dicet. DAVIS. — Heumannus dicet edidit. Nam l. II, c. 17, dicet aliquis: Cur ergo Deus haec fieri patitur? BUN.

Sed dicit. Read sed dicat, or dicet. DAVIES. — Heumann printed dicet. For Book II, ch. 17: "someone will say: Why then does God allow these things to happen?" BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: An) · col 1036 An. Hic idem est ac cur non.

An. Here it is the same as cur non ("why not").

(lemma: Ἀρχήν) · col 1036 Ἀρχήν. In ms. archen litteris latinis; ἀρχὴν hic loci significat potestatem, auctoritatem; sed putat Heumannus unico vocabulo graeco scribendum esse δαιμονάρχην: de quo vide Lactantium, libro II, cap. 14. BUNEM.

Ἀρχήν. In the manuscript, archen in Latin letters; ἀρχήν in this place means power, authority. But Heumann thinks it should be written as a single Greek word, δαιμονάρχην ("ruler of the demons"): on which see Lactantius, Book II, ch. 14. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 529)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: A. Gellius) · col 1037 A. Gellius. In ms. Agellius. Legendum A. Gellius, sicut lib. VI, cap. 1.

A. Gellius. In the manuscript, Agellius. A. Gellius should be read, as in Book VI, ch. 1.

(lemma: Deus) · col 1037 Deus. Non extat in ms.

Deus. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Περὶ Προνοίας) · col 1037 Περὶ Προνοίας. Latine, de Providentia.

Περὶ Προνοίας. In Latin, On Providence.

(lemma: Ibidem) · col 1037 Ibidem. Forsan legendum est itidem. PFAFFIUS. — Nihil mutandum. Ibidem Gronovius ex manuscripto ad Gellium restituit; etiam Davisius servat. Anonymus Britannus et Heumannus itidem. BUN.

Ibidem. Perhaps itidem should be read. PFAFF. — Nothing should be changed. Gronovius restored ibidem in Gellius from a manuscript; Davies also keeps it. The anonymous Briton and Heumann read itidem. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Adeo) · col 1037 Adeo. In ms., a Deo; sed minus bene, ut videtur Joanni le Brun.

Adeo. In the manuscript, a Deo; but less well, as it seems to Jean le Brun.

(lemma: Sit) · col 1037 Sit. Non extat in ms.

Sit. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Non) · col 1037 Non. Non extat itidem in ms.

Non. It likewise does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Appositione) · col 1037 Appositione. Davisius legit oppositione; idque sat bene.

Appositione. Davies reads oppositione; and that well enough.

(lemma: Ex intemperantia) · col 1037 Ex intemperantia. In Gellio est, ex intemperantia, scilicet oppositione: quod si ms. nisi retinetur, repeti debet, intelligi potest, satis recte.

Ex intemperantia. In Gellius it is ex intemperantia, that is, by opposition; but if the manuscript's nisi is kept, intelligi potest must be repeated, quite correctly.

(lemma: Nisi) · col 1037 Nisi. Sic in ms., at in editione Parisiensi legebatur non nisi.

Nisi. So in the manuscript; but in the Paris edition non nisi was read.

(lemma: Foret) · col 1037 Foret. In ms. forte: sed Davisius et Joan. le Brun putant esse legendum foret.

Foret. In the manuscript, forte; but Davies and Jean le Brun think foret should be read.

(lemma: Namque) · col 1037 Namque. In ms. nam quae.

Namque. In the manuscript, nam quae.

(lemma: Infortunitas) · col 1037 Infortunitas. In ms. et in editis erat importunitas. Legendum profecto infortunitas, cui contraria est felicitas; nec aliter legitur apud Aulum Gellium supra citatum, Noct. Atticar. lib. VI, cap. 1. Buneman. Contra militat pro voce importunitas et notam sequentem exhibet: — Felicitas et importunitas. Libenter docti ultimam vocem, tanquam veram, a Lactantio accipient, cum in Gellio in omnibus adhuc editionibus regnet vox insolens infortunitas, ab alio, qui vim vocis importunitas non noverat, subornata.

Infortunitas. In the manuscript and in the printed editions it was importunitas. Infortunitas should certainly be read, the opposite of which is felicitas; nor is it read otherwise in Aulus Gellius, cited above, Attic Nights Book VI, ch. 1. Bünemann, on the other hand, fights for the word importunitas and gives the following note: — Felicitas et importunitas. Scholars will gladly accept the last word from Lactantius as the true one, since in Gellius, in all editions so far, the unusual word infortunitas prevails, foisted in by someone else who did not know the force of the word importunitas.

(lemma: Quod saepe dixi) · col 1037 Quod saepe dixi. Id non saepe, sed semel tantum dixit. Lege minima mutatione quod supra dixi. DAVISIUS.

Quod saepe dixi ("which I have often said"). He did not say it often, but only once. Read, with the smallest change, quod supra dixi ("which I said above"). DAVIES.

(lemma: Deus materiam virtutis in malis posuit) · col 1037 Deus materiam virtutis in malis posuit. Quae hic et in toto hoc capite disputat de origine et necessitate mali bene refutavit Pfaffius. BUN.

Deus materiam virtutis in malis posuit ("God placed the material of virtue in evils"). What he argues here and in this whole chapter on the origin and necessity of evil Pfaff has well refuted. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Quod) · col 1038 Quod. In ms. quot.

Quod. In the manuscript, quot.

(lemma: Sapientiam) · col 1038 Sapientiam. In ms. sapientia.

Sapientiam. In the manuscript, sapientia.

(lemma: Non est ergo) · col 1038 Non est ergo. Ante hoc verba Heumannus et anonymus putant aliquid excidisse atque legendum esse, si amor est sapientiae, non est ergo, etc.

Non est ergo. Heumann and the anonymous writer think something has fallen out before these words, and that we should read: "if it is love of wisdom, it is not therefore," etc.

(lemma: Aliud) · col 1038 Aliud. In ms. aliut. Sic infra in hoc eodem capite. Atque alibi ubicumque hoc verbum reperias.

Aliud. In the manuscript, aliut. So below in this same chapter, and elsewhere wherever you find this word.

(lemma: Enim) · col 1038 Enim. In ms. autem.

Enim. In the manuscript, autem.

(printed under page 530)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Vivant) · col 1039 Vivant. Heumannus legit vivunt.

Vivant. Heumann reads vivunt.

(lemma: Omni) · col 1039 Omni. In ms. omnia, sed erratum est.

Omni. In the manuscript, omnia, but it is an error.

(lemma: Atqui) · col 1039 Atqui. In mss. Ad quin.

Atqui. In the manuscripts, Ad quin.

(lemma: Videamus, an recte sapientia est) · col 1039 Videamus, an recte sapientia est. Ita male Pfaffius, Walch. et Davisius ediderant. Sine ullo dubio ita haec verba sunt distinguenda: Videamus an recte. Sapientia est. Priora verba sunt referenda ad Socratem et Zenonem H. M. Videamus, an recte, scilicet scientiam Socrates, opinationem sustulerit Zeno. BUN.

Videamus, an recte sapientia est. So Pfaff, Walch and Davies had wrongly printed it. Without any doubt these words are to be punctuated thus: Videamus an recte. Sapientia est ("Let us see whether rightly. Wisdom is..."). The former words are to be referred to Socrates and Zeno, H. M.: "Let us see whether rightly," namely, Socrates took away knowledge and Zeno opinion. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Perscire) · col 1039 Perscire. Forte legendum, per se scire, ut supra. Ita etiam putat Heumannus.

Perscire. Perhaps per se scire should be read, as above. Heumann thinks so too.

(lemma: Is) · col 1039 Is. In mss. his.

Is. In the manuscripts, his.

(lemma: Impugnent) · col 1040 Impugnent. In ms. impugnet.

Impugnent. In the manuscript, impugnet.

(lemma: Susceperant) · col 1040 Susceperant. In ms. subreperunt.

Susceperant. In the manuscript, subreperunt.

(lemma: Ne ipsi quidem) · col 1040 Ne ipsi quidem. Heumannus putat legendum esse, ne ipsum quidem.

Ne ipsi quidem. Heumann thinks ne ipsum quidem should be read.

(lemma: Munimenti) · col 1040 Munimenti. In mss. monimenti.

Munimenti. In the manuscripts, monimenti.

(lemma: Extinguant) · col 1040 Extinguant. Heumannus et anonymus putant legendum esse extinguunt.

Extinguant. Heumann and the anonymous writer think extinguunt should be read.

(lemma: Consumat ac finiat) · col 1040 Consumat ac finiat. Heumannus putat legi debere, consumit ac conficit.

Consumat ac finiat. Heumann thinks consumit ac conficit ought to be read.

(lemma: At enim) · col 1040 At enim. Pro At vero.

At enim. For At vero.

(lemma: Dirigantur) · col 1040 Dirigantur. In ms. derigantur.

Dirigantur. In the manuscript, derigantur.

(lemma: Virtute) · col 1040 Virtute. In ms. virtutem.

Virtute. In the manuscript, virtutem.

(lemma: Cyrenaicae) · col 1040 Cyrenaicae. In ms. Cyrinaicae.

Cyrenaicae. In the manuscript, Cyrinaicae.

(lemma: Quia) · col 1040 Quia. In ms. qui.

Quia. In the manuscript, qui.

(lemma: Dolere) · col 1040 Dolere. In ms. dolore.

Dolere. In the manuscript, dolore.

(lemma: Sed caetera) · col 1040 Sed caetera. Heumannus putat legi debere, Sed et caetera.

Sed caetera. Heumann thinks Sed et caetera ought to be read.

(lemma: At) · col 1040 At. In ms. ad.

At. In the manuscript, ad.

(printed under page 531)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Nisi) · col 1041 Nisi. In ms. si.

Nisi. In the manuscript, si.

(lemma: Callipho) · col 1041 Callipho. In ms. Califfo.

Callipho. In the manuscript, Califfo.

(lemma: Fortunae) · col 1041 Fortunae. Heumannus addendum putat bona: sic, fortunae bona non sunt.

Fortunae. Heumann thinks bona should be added, thus: fortunae bona non sunt ("the goods of fortune are not").

(lemma: Non sunt in hominis potestate) · col 1041 Non sunt in hominis potestate. In manuscripto, in hominis potestatem. Non recedendum ab manuscripti fide; est enim ipsius Ciceronis, cui Gellius lib. I Noctium Att., cap. 7, indicavit, in praedonum fuisse potestatem. Qui plura vult, adeat Gronovium ad Liv. lib. II, cap. 15; et Vorstius ad Val. Max. lib. I, cap. 6. BUN.

Non sunt in hominis potestate. In the manuscript, in hominis potestatem. One should not depart from the manuscript's testimony; for it is Cicero's own usage, as Gellius pointed out in Attic Nights Book I, ch. 7: in praedonum fuisse potestatem. Whoever wants more may consult Gronovius on Livy Book II, ch. 15, and Vorstius on Valerius Maximus Book I, ch. 6. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Aut) · col 1041 Aut. Anonymus legit ac.

Aut. The anonymous writer reads ac.

(lemma: At) · col 1041 At. In ms. ad.

At. In the manuscript, ad.

(lemma: Posset) · col 1041 Posset. Lege possit.

Posset. Read possit.

(lemma: Parva) · col 1041 Parva. Heumannus putat legi debere propria.

Parva. Heumann thinks propria ought to be read.

(lemma: Utique) · col 1041 Utique. In ms. utiqum.

Utique. In the manuscript, utiqum.

(lemma: Ethica) · col 1041 Ethica. In ms. Heticae.

Ethica. In the manuscript, Heticae.

(lemma: Videamus, etc.) · col 1042 Videamus, etc. Inversus est ordo verborum in ms., ubi sic legitur: Videamus nunc, quid sit summum bonum, sit propositum sapienti summum bonum. Sed rectius disponit ea editio clariss. Pfaffii.

Videamus, etc. The order of the words is inverted in the manuscript, where it reads thus: Videamus nunc, quid sit summum bonum, sit propositum sapienti summum bonum. But the edition of the most distinguished Pfaff arranges them more correctly.

(lemma: Summum bonum) · col 1042 Summum bonum. Haec duo verba redundare videntur, eaque delet Heumannus tanquam inutilia.

Summum bonum. These two words seem redundant, and Heumann deletes them as useless.

(lemma: Intelligi) · col 1042 Intelligi. In ms. intellegi.

Intelligi. In the manuscript, intellegi.

(lemma: Easdem) · col 1042 Easdem. In ms. eamdem. Alii putant legendum esse eaedem.

Easdem. In the manuscript, eamdem. Others think eaedem should be read.

(lemma: Urgeat) · col 1042 Urgeat. In ms. urgueat.

Urgeat. In the manuscript, urgueat.

(lemma: Sensus) · col 1042 Sensus. Id est rationis.

Sensus. That is, of reason.

(lemma: Sapientiam) · col 1042 Sapientiam. In ms. sapientia.

Sapientiam. In the manuscript, sapientia.

(lemma: Et utrumque) · col 1042 Et utrumque. Heumannus vult legi At utrumque.

Et utrumque. Heumann wants At utrumque read.

(lemma: Et si) · col 1042 Et si. In mss. at si; et clariss. Pfaffius putat legendum esse aut si.

Et si. In the manuscripts, at si; and the most distinguished Pfaff thinks aut si should be read.

(printed under page 532)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Judicabit) · col 1043 Judicabit. In ms. judicavit.

Judicabit. In the manuscript, judicavit.

(lemma: Mala... sapientissime perfert) · col 1043 Mala... sapientissime perfert. Davisius corrigit, patientissime perfert. Sic interdum voces patientia et sapientia in libris confundi, paulo ante monui, confer lib. III, cap. 12. Iterum Lact. lib. VI, cap. 4: Omnia gravia patienter ferenda. Ipse tamen Cicero, de Senectute, cap. 1: Sapienter ferre onus, scilicet malum, senectutis, sicut omnia. Tacitus Annal., lib. XVI: Indignissimum casum sapienter tolerans. BUN.

Mala... sapientissime perfert ("he bears evils most wisely"). Davies corrects to patientissime perfert ("most patiently"). That the words patientia and sapientia are sometimes confused in the books in this way I pointed out a little before; compare Book III, ch. 12. Again Lactantius, Book VI, ch. 4: "All grievous things are to be borne patiently." Yet Cicero himself, On Old Age, ch. 1: "to bear wisely the burden" (that is, the evil) "of old age, as all things." Tacitus, Annals Book XVI: "bearing a most undeserved misfortune wisely." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Si cadit, etc.) · col 1043 Si cadit., etc. In ms. sic ait in homine.

Si cadit, etc. In the manuscript, sic ait in homine.

(lemma: Virtutis est. Tantum ad hanc dirigamur) · col 1043 Virtutis est. Tantum ad hanc dirigamur. Davisius sic distinguit: Virtutis est tantum. Ad hanc dirigamur. BUNEMAN.

Virtutis est. Tantum ad hanc dirigamur. Davies punctuates thus: Virtutis est tantum. Ad hanc dirigamur ("It belongs to virtue alone. Towards it let us be directed"). BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Non mortalitate) · col 1043 Non mortalitate. Heumannus recte monet legendum esse, immortalitate. — Sic Cicero Fam. IV, 12: non jucundissimum nuntium, pro injucundissimum dixit; et non corpus, pro incorporeus. Acad. quaest. lib. I, cap. 11. BUNEMAN.

Non mortalitate. Heumann rightly advises that immortalitate should be read. — So Cicero, Letters to Friends IV, 12, said non jucundissimum nuntium for injucundissimum; and non corpus for incorporeus, Academic Questions Book I, ch. 11. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Vitam) · col 1043 Vitam. Non extat in ms.

Vitam. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Non in sermonis ornatu) · col 1043 Non in sermonis ornatu. Logicae tribuit sermonis ornatum. Nam, secundum Lactantium, lib. III, c. 13: In Logica tota Dialectica et omnis loquendi ratio continetur. BUNEMAN.

Non in sermonis ornatu. He assigns the adornment of speech to logic. For, according to Lactantius, Book III, ch. 13: "In logic the whole of dialectic and every method of speaking is contained." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Consistit) · col 1043 Consistit. Non extat in ms.

Consistit. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Logica) · col 1043 Logica. λογικὰ extat Graece in ms.

Logica. λογικά appears in Greek in the manuscript.

(lemma: Ethica) · col 1043 Ethica. In ms. Hetica.

Ethica. In the manuscript, Hetica.

(lemma: Et idem) · col 1043 Et idem. Heumannus putat legendum esse at idem.

Et idem. Heumann thinks at idem should be read.

(lemma: Nam) · col 1043 Nam. In ms. sed.

Nam. In the manuscript, sed.

(lemma: Inutilia) · col 1043 Inutilia. Supple sunt. At Anonymus, ab Heumanno citatus, putat reponendum esse anilia.

Inutilia. Supply sunt. But the anonymous writer, cited by Heumann, thinks anilia ("old wives' tales") should be restored.

(lemma: Statuit) · col 1044 Statuit. Non legitur in ms.

Statuit. It is not read in the manuscript.

(lemma: Nonne) · col 1044 Nonne. In ms. non.

Nonne. In the manuscript, non.

(lemma: Suem vel canem) · col 1044 Suem vel canem. Putatur Lactantius ob oculos habuisse haec Horatii verba I Epist. 2., vs. 26. Vixisset canis immundus, vel amica luto sus.

Suem vel canem. Lactantius is thought to have had before his eyes these words of Horace, Epistles I, 2, line 26: "He would have lived an unclean dog, or a sow that loves the mire."

(lemma: Postremo) · col 1044 Postremo. In ms. legitur, post rem: sed erratum est.

Postremo. In the manuscript is read post rem; but it is an error.

(lemma: Delirasset) · col 1044 Delirasset. In ms. deliberasset.

Delirasset. In the manuscript, deliberasset.

(lemma: Indoctos) · col 1044 Indoctos. Heumannus putat rem fore meliorem, si legeretur doctos. At potius legerem interdoctos.

Indoctos. Heumann thinks the matter would be better if doctos were read. But I would rather read interdoctos.

(printed under page 533)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Physicos) · col 1045 Physicos. Elegantius legerem abstinere se physicis.

Physicos. I would more elegantly read abstinere se physicis.

(lemma: Idem et) · col 1045 Idem et. Haec Pfaffius ex manuscripto adjecta voluit: absunt a Paris., Walch., Davis. et Heuman. editionibus; hanc vocem in nostra editione addidimus, nobis assentiente O. F. Fritzsche.

Idem et. Pfaff wanted these words added from the manuscript; they are absent from the Paris, Walch, Davies and Heumann editions. We have added this word in our edition, with O. F. Fritzsche agreeing with us.

(lemma: Dicebat) · col 1045 Dicebat. Post dicebat supplendum forsan, quod nihil sciret. PFAFFIUS.

Dicebat. After dicebat perhaps quod nihil sciret ("that he knew nothing") should be supplied. PFAFF.

(lemma: Et religio) · col 1045 Et religio. In ms. ut religio.

Et religio. In the manuscript, ut religio.

(lemma: Repudiavit) · col 1045 Repudiavit. In ms. repudiabit.

Repudiavit. In the manuscript, repudiabit.

(lemma: Prosecrare) · col 1045 Prosecrare. Idem est ac consecrare, ait clariss. Pfaffius ad marginem ms. sui. Heumannus putat legi debere prosecare.

Prosecrare. It is the same as consecrare, says the most distinguished Pfaff in the margin of his manuscript. Heumann thinks prosecare ought to be read.

(lemma: Probavit) · col 1045 Probavit. In ms. probabit.

Probavit. In the manuscript, probabit.

(lemma: Putabit) · col 1045 Putabit. In ms. putavit.

Putabit. In the manuscript, putavit.

(lemma: Reservavit) · col 1046 Reservavit. Heumannus legit reseravit.

Reservavit. Heumann reads reseravit.

(lemma: Affectu) · col 1046 Affectu. In ms. affectus.

Affectu. In the manuscript, affectus.

(lemma: Incommodum) · col 1046 Incommodum. Supple est.

Incommodum. Supply est.

(lemma: Irrogetur) · col 1046 Irrogetur. In ms. inrogetur.

Irrogetur. In the manuscript, inrogetur.

(lemma: Correpti) · col 1046 Correpti. Id est castigati.

Correpti. That is, chastised.

(lemma: Itaque) · col 1046 Itaque. Anonymus apud Heumannum legit atque.

Itaque. The anonymous writer cited by Heumann reads atque.

(lemma: De antipodis) · col 1046 De antipodis. Hac de re vide supra notam ad libri III Div. Institut., caput 24.

De antipodis. On this matter see above, the note on Book III of the Divine Institutes, ch. 24.

(lemma: Habent) · col 1046 Habent. Heumann. legit habeant.

Habent. Heumann reads habeant.

(lemma: Canum) · col 1046 Canum. Cynicos intelligit.

Canum. He means the Cynics.

(lemma: Contemptum) · col 1046 Contemptum. In ms. contemptu.

Contemptum. In the manuscript, contemptu.

(lemma: Conquirere) · col 1046 Conquirere. Heumann. vult. eum quaerere.

Conquirere. Heumann wants eum quaerere.

(printed under page 534)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: Iidem) · col 1047 Iidem. In ms. idem.

Iidem. In the manuscript, idem.

(lemma: Palam cum conjugibus suis) · col 1047 Palam cum conjugibus suis. Postea tamen, teste Augustino, lib. XIV Civit. Dei, cap. 10, a Cynicis fieri cessatum est, plusque valuit pudor..... quam error. BUN.

Palam cum conjugibus suis ("openly with their wives"). Later, however, on the testimony of Augustine, City of God Book XIV, ch. 10, "the Cynics ceased to do it, and shame prevailed more ..... than error." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Non) · col 1047 Non. Aliqui putant legi debere Num.

Non. Some think Num ought to be read.

(lemma: Ut) · col 1047 Ut. In ms. et.

Ut. In the manuscript, et.

(lemma: Nescierunt) · col 1047 Nescierunt. In ms. nec scierunt.

Nescierunt. In the manuscript, nec scierunt.

(lemma: Migrare) · col 1047 Migrare. Heumann. putat fore melius, si legeretur emigrare.

Migrare. Heumann thinks it would be better if emigrare were read.

(lemma: Adhibenda) · col 1047 Adhibenda. In ms. at hibenda.

Adhibenda. In the manuscript, at hibenda.

(lemma: Vincula diruperit) · col 1047 Vincula diruperit. In ms. vincla dirrumperit.

Vincula diruperit. In the manuscript, vincla dirrumperit.

(lemma: Sunt) · col 1047 Sunt. Abest a ms.

Sunt. It is absent from the manuscript.

(lemma: Intelligi) · col 1047 Intelligi. In ms. intellegi; ut supra.

Intelligi. In the manuscript, intellegi; as above.

(lemma: Nota) · col 1047 Nota. In ms. mota.

Nota. In the manuscript, mota.

(lemma: Humana sapientia) · col 1048 Humana sapientia. In ms. humanam sapientiam Deo. Vocem tamen Deo librarius rursus delevit.

Humana sapientia. In the manuscript, humanam sapientiam Deo. The scribe, however, deleted the word Deo again.

(lemma: Revelavit) · col 1048 Revelavit. In ms. revelabit.

Revelavit. In the manuscript, revelabit.

(lemma: Philosophiam) · col 1048 Philosophiam. Heumannus putat melius legi philosophorum. Nemo, in ms. Num.

Philosophiam. Heumann thinks philosophorum is better read. Nemo: in the manuscript, Num.

(lemma: Conjuncte) · col 1048 Conjuncte. In ms. conjunctae.

Conjuncte. In the manuscript, conjunctae.

(lemma: Id est, nec aliud quidquam, quam sapientiam) · col 1048 Id est, nec aliud quidquam, quam sapientiam. Legendum: idem est, nec aliud quidquam, quam sapientiam. DAVIS. — Ita vero anonymus Britannus et Heumannus: Nam Deum verum colere, id est, nec aliud quidquam sapientia. Vide lib. IV, cap. 3: Sapere nihil aliud est, quam Deum verum justis ac piis cultibus honorare. BUN.

Id est, nec aliud quidquam, quam sapientiam. Read: idem est, nec aliud quidquam, quam sapientiam. DAVIES. — But the anonymous Briton and Heumann read thus: "For to worship the true God, that is, and nothing else, is wisdom." See Book IV, ch. 3: "To be wise is nothing else than to honour the true God with just and pious worship." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Deus) · col 1048 Deus. Verbum est, quod addit Pfaffius, delendum; Deus cum verbo dedit construendum: unde ab Heumanno qui non fuit ejiciendum. Laetatus sum, ubi postea vidi Davisium idem sentire. BUN.

Deus. The word est, which Pfaff adds, should be deleted; Deus is to be construed with the verb dedit: hence qui ought not to have been thrown out by Heumann. I was glad when I later saw that Davies thought the same. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Sapientia) · col 1048 Sapientia. In ms. sapientiam.

Sapientia. In the manuscript, sapientiam.

(lemma: Ipse) · col 1048 Ipse. Deest in edito; legitur tamen in autographo clariss. Pfaffii.

Ipse. It is missing in the printed text; it is read, however, in the autograph of the most distinguished Pfaff.

(printed under page 535)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text) (lemma: De suis spiritibus) · col 1049 De suis spiritibus. Lege De suo spiritu. — De suis spiritibus. Heumannus: Lege, inquit, de suo spiritu. At nihil hic mutandum, uti patet ex lib. IV, c. 8: et alios spiritus suos in angelos figuravit. Spiritus hic sunt spirationes. BUN.

De suis spiritibus. Read De suo spiritu. — De suis spiritibus. Heumann says: "Read de suo spiritu." But nothing is to be changed here, as is plain from Book IV, ch. 8: "and he formed other breaths of his into angels." Spiritus here are breathings. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: In sensum mittat) · col 1049 In sensum mittat. Heuman. legit sensum immittat.

In sensum mittat. Heumann reads sensum immittat.

(lemma: In libris) · col 1049 In libris. Scilicet Inst. lib. IV, cap. 6. Mox, ut clarissimus Pfaffius ipse in aliquot locis novae nostrae editiones correxit, sic et hic in ms. Salomon haberi puto. BUN.

In libris. Namely, Institutes Book IV, ch. 6. Next, as the most distinguished Pfaff himself corrected in several places for our new edition, so here too I think Salomon is found in the manuscript. BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Praecipue) · col 1049 Praecipue. In ms. praecipuae.

Praecipue. In the manuscript, praecipuae.

(lemma: Scriptor) · col 1049 Scriptor. In ms. scriblor.

Scriptor. In the manuscript, scriblor.

(lemma: Antecesserunt) · col 1049 Antecesserunt. Multum hic errat Lactantius. David et Salomon vixerunt, non ante, sed post Trojam captam. Troja capta est 1209 ante vulgarem aeram: David regnum iniit anno 1059, ante hanc aeram, et Salomon annos tantum 1019.

Antecesserunt. Lactantius errs greatly here. David and Solomon lived not before but after the capture of Troy. Troy was taken 1209 years before the common era; David began to reign in the year 1059 before this era, and Solomon only 1019 years before it.

(lemma: Nulli esse) · col 1049 Nulli esse. Heumannus legit nulli est.

Nulli esse. Heumann reads nulli est.

(lemma: Apud) · col 1049 Apud. In ms. aput.

Apud. In the manuscript, aput.

(lemma: Christum) · col 1049 Christum. Deest in ms.

Christum. It is missing in the manuscript.

(lemma: Appellemus) · col 1049 Appellemus. In ms. appellamus.

Appellemus. In the manuscript, appellamus.

(lemma: Breviter) · col 1050 Breviter. In ms. brebiter.

Breviter. In the manuscript, brebiter.

(lemma: Carne) · col 1050 Carne. In ms. carnem.

Carne. In the manuscript, carnem.

(lemma: Homine) · col 1050 Homine. Hic recentior manus in ms. pro homine posuit virgine.

Homine. Here a later hand in the manuscript put virgine in place of homine.

(lemma: Successionem) · col 1050 Successionem. In ms. successiones.

Successionem. In the manuscript, successiones.

(lemma: Qui) · col 1050 Qui. In ms. extat hii qui.

Qui. In the manuscript stands hii qui.

(lemma: Iidem) · col 1050 Iidem. In ms. idem.

Iidem. In the manuscript, idem.

(lemma: Insensilibus) · col 1050 Insensilibus. Manus recentior correxit insensibilibus. Verum apud Lucretium lib. II, cujus lectione gaudebat Lactantius, legitur bis insensilibus.

Insensilibus. A later hand corrected it to insensibilibus. But in Lucretius Book II, whom Lactantius delighted to read, insensilibus is read twice.

(lemma: Iisdem) · col 1050 Iisdem. In ms. legitur isdem.

Iisdem. In the manuscript is read isdem.

(lemma: Et ingrato) · col 1050 Et ingrato. In ms. legitur ut ingrato.

Et ingrato. In the manuscript is read ut ingrato.

(lemma: Deum) · col 1050 Deum. In ms. Dm., quod interpretari potest aut Deum, aut Dominum.

Deum. In the manuscript, Dm., which can be interpreted either as Deum or as Dominum.

(lemma: Creatus ex solo Deo, sanctus) · col 1050 Creatus ex solo Deo, sanctus. Ms.: Creatus est ex solo Deo sanctus. Lego cum Davisio: creatus ex solo Deo, sanctus Spiritus factus est.

Creatus ex solo Deo, sanctus. The manuscript: Creatus est ex solo Deo sanctus. I read with Davies: "created from God alone, he was made a holy Spirit."

(lemma: Sanctus Spiritus factus est) · col 1050 Sanctus Spiritus factus est. Explicat Pfaffius in Dissert. praelim., § 27 et 28. Addo et explico ex ipso Lactantio, lib. IV, cap. 6: Deus.... antequam opus mundi ordiretur, sanctum, et incorruptibilem, et irre- (continues)

Sanctus Spiritus factus est ("he was made a holy Spirit"). Pfaff explains it in his Preliminary Dissertation, §§ 27 and 28. I add and explain from Lactantius himself, Book IV, ch. 6: "God ..., before he began the work of the world, [begot] a holy and incorruptible and irre-" (continues)

(printed under page 536)

VARIORUM NOTAE (lemma notes; the column is inferred from the lemma where it is not in the visible text. The first twelve lemmata below are printed run together in a single paragraph, separated by dashes.) (lemma: Est) · col 1055 Est. Non extat in ms.

Est. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Vivificabit) · col 1055 Vivificabit. In ms. vivificavit.

Vivificabit. In the manuscript, vivificavit.

(lemma: Quadragesimo) · col 1055 Quadragesimo. Ita leges ex lib. IV, c. 21, Divin. Institut., quamvis in ms. Taur. legatur quinquagesimo.

Quadragesimo. So you will read from Divine Institutes Book IV, ch. 21, although quinquagesimo is read in the Turin manuscript.

(lemma: Usque) · col 1055 Usque. In ms. et usque.

Usque. In the manuscript, et usque.

(lemma: Antiquum) · col 1055 Antiquum. In ms., anticum.

Antiquum. In the manuscript, anticum.

(lemma: Populi) · col 1055 Populi. In ms., populis.

Populi. In the manuscript, populis.

(lemma: Et) · col 1055 Et. Non extat in ms.

Et. It does not appear in the manuscript.

(lemma: Servient ei) · col 1055 Servient ei. In ms. servientes.

Servient ei. In the manuscript, servientes.

(lemma: Venerit) · col 1055 Venerit. In ms. venerat.

Venerit. In the manuscript, venerat.

(lemma: Sanguine) · col 1055 Sanguine. in ms. sanguinem.

Sanguine. In the manuscript, sanguinem.

(lemma: Humiliare) · col 1056 Humiliare. In ms. humilare.

Humiliare. In the manuscript, humilare.

(lemma: Idcirco) · col 1056 Idcirco. Ita est in ms. Taurin., juxta clar. Pfaffii autographum; at in editione Parisiensi legitur ideo.

Idcirco. So it is in the Turin manuscript, according to the autograph of the distinguished Pfaff; but in the Paris edition ideo is read.

(lemma: Malachias) · col 1056 Malachias. In ms. Malachiel.

Malachias. In the manuscript, Malachiel.

(lemma: Acceptum non habebo) · col 1056 Acceptum non habebo. Ita ex autographo clariss. Pfaffii: in editis legitur non acceptum habebo..

Acceptum non habebo. So from the autograph of the most distinguished Pfaff; in the printed editions non acceptum habebo is read.

(lemma: Vocavi) · col 1056 Vocavi. In ms. vocabi.

Vocavi. In the manuscript, vocabi.

(lemma: Dedi te) · col 1056 Dedi te. Has duas voces post confirmabo te, hic primum ex manuscripto damus, Pfaffii jussu. Nos quoque easdem voces addidimus, nobisque assentit O. F. Fritzsche.

Dedi te. These two words after confirmabo te we give here for the first time from the manuscript, at Pfaff's direction. We too have added the same words, and O. F. Fritzsche agrees with us.

(lemma: Scripturarum) · col 1056 Scripturarum. In ms. Scriblurarum.

Scripturarum. In the manuscript, Scriblurarum.

(lemma: Nulla igitur alia spes homini proposita est, nisi... fuerit secutus) · col 1056 Nulla igitur alia spes homini proposita est, nisi... fuerit secutus. Si priorem partem ita posuit noster, in sequentibus repraesentare debuit: Nisi ut veram religionem sequatur. Sic lib. IV Instit., cap. 18: Apparet, nullam aliam spem vitae homini esse propositam, nisi ut Deo serviat. Mihi ergo reponendum videtur: Nulla igitur vitae, vel salutis spes homini proposita est, etc. Davisius hactenus. Nihil muto: pari modo dixit lib. IV Instit. cap. 19: Nulla igitur spes alia... homini datur, nisi crediderit in eum, et susceperit. BUN.

Nulla igitur alia spes homini proposita est, nisi... fuerit secutus. If our author set the first part so, he ought to have expressed in what follows: Nisi ut veram religionem sequatur ("except that he follow the true religion"). So Institutes Book IV, ch. 18: "It is plain that no other hope of life is set before man, except that he serve God." It seems to me, then, that we should restore: "So no hope of life or salvation is set before man," etc. So far Davies. I change nothing: he spoke in the same way in Institutes Book IV, ch. 19: "So no other hope ... is given to man, unless he has believed in him and received him." BÜNEMANN.

(lemma: Qui Filium, etc.) · col 1056 Qui Filium, etc. De hoc dicto Jesu Christi, vide Joan. VIII, 19 et XIV, 1 et 7.

Qui Filium, etc. On this saying of Jesus Christ, see John 8:19 and 14:1 and 7.

(lemma: Et substantia) · col 1056 Et substantia. Et deest in editione Parisiensi: at legitur in ms. Taurin.

Et substantia. Et is missing in the Paris edition, but it is read in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 539)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 540)

(1) ‹lemma: Filium› · printed under col 1057

Filium. Adde est, juxta clarissim. Pfaffium.

Filium ("Son"). Add est, following the most distinguished Pfaff.

(printed under page 540)

(2) ‹lemma: Habere› · printed under col 1057

Habere. Davisius legit habuisse, ut ante fuisse.

Habere ("to have"). Davies reads habuisse ("to have had"), as fuisse earlier.

(printed under page 540)

(3) ‹lemma: Derogabit› · printed under col 1057

Derogabit. In ms. derogavit. — Fidem derogabit. Usitatius quidem dicunt, præceptis fidem detrahere, sed hoc juris verbo usus est; et neque disputationi, neque auctoritati cujusquam fidem derogari oportuisse, dixit Celsus Medic. lib. I, præf. pag. 8. DAVISIUS. — Non adeo inusitatum, ut Davisio visum est, phrasis fidem derogare. Ita Quintil. lib. IX Instit. cap. 3: Cum cura verborum deroget affectibus fidem. BUN.

Derogabit ("will take away"). In the manuscript, derogavit. — Fidem derogabit. The more usual expression is praeceptis fidem detrahere ("to withdraw credit from precepts"), but he has used this legal term; "and that credit ought not to have been withdrawn from either the argument or the authority of anyone," said Celsus the physician, book 1, preface, p. 8. DAVIES. — The phrase fidem derogare is not so unusual as Davies thought. So Quintilian, Institutio book 9, chapter 3: "Since care for words takes credit away from the feelings." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 540)

(4) ‹lemma: Potuisset› · printed under col 1057

Potuisset. In ms. posset.

Potuisset ("he could have"). In the manuscript, posset.

(printed under page 540)

(5) ‹lemma: Hæc sunt› · printed under col 1057

Hæc sunt. Forte legendum, hæ sunt utique virtutes. — Hæc sunt... virtutes. Anonym. Britan. tentat, Hæ sunt virtutis; Heumannus, Hæ sunt virtutes. Uterque satis bene: sed neutrum servo, et refero ad præcedentia: Hæc (scilicet τὸ non irasci, τὸ non cupere divitias, τὸ mortem contemnere) sunt virtutes. Sic lib. VII Instit. cap. 8: Quid voce clarius... vento fortius... odore violentius? Hæc tamen non cernuntur, etc. BUN.

Haec sunt ("these things are"). Perhaps read hae sunt utique virtutes ("these are indeed virtues"). — Haec sunt... virtutes. The Anonymous Briton tries Hae sunt virtutis ("these belong to virtue"); Heumann, Hae sunt virtutes. Both are good enough, but I keep neither, and refer it to what precedes: Haec (that is, the "not being angry", the "not desiring riches", the "despising death") sunt virtutes. So book 7 of the Institutes, chapter 8: "What is clearer than the voice... stronger than the wind... more forceful than a smell? Yet these are not seen," etc. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 540)

(6) ‹lemma: Sed› · printed under col 1057

Sed. In ms. set.

Sed ("but"). In the manuscript, set.

(printed under page 540)

(7) ‹lemma: Corporatus est› · printed under col 1058

Corporatus est. Ita ms. Taurin. at in editione Parisiensi legitur incorporatus est.

Corporatus est ("he was embodied"). So the Turin manuscript; but in the Paris edition one reads incorporatus est.

(printed under page 540)

(8) ‹lemma: Utique› · printed under col 1058

Utique. In ms. utuque. Ibidem, post turpis, editio Parisiensis addit verba esse debuisset, quæ non extant in ms. quæque expunxi ut inutilia; et vulgo subaudiuntur in eloquio Latino.

Utique ("indeed"). In the manuscript, utuque. In the same place, after turpis, the Paris edition adds the words esse debuisset ("ought to have been"), which do not exist in the manuscript and which I have struck out as useless; they are commonly understood in Latin speech.

(printed under page 540)

(9) ‹lemma: Cum in ea› · printed under col 1058

Cum in ea. Id est, cum tamen in ea, juxta Heumannum.

Cum in ea ("while in it"). That is, cum tamen in ea ("while nevertheless in it"), according to Heumann.

(printed under page 540)

(10) ‹lemma: Irrogari› · printed under col 1058

Irrogari. In ms. inrogari.

Irrogari ("to be inflicted"). In the manuscript, inrogari.

(printed under page 540)

(11) ‹lemma: Reservavit› · printed under col 1058

Reservavit. In ms. reservabit.

Reservavit ("he reserved"). In the manuscript, reservabit.

(printed under page 540)

(12) ‹lemma: Accedit› · printed under col 1058

Accedit. In ms. accepit.

Accedit ("there is added"). In the manuscript, accepit.

(printed under page 540)

(13) ‹lemma: In promptu› · printed under col 1058

In promptu. In ms. prumptum.

In promptu ("at hand"). In the manuscript, prumptum.

(printed under page 540)

(14) ‹lemma: Expellitur ac fugatur› · printed under col 1058

Expellitur ac fugatur. Lege expellatur ac fugetur, juxta Heumannum.

Expellitur ac fugatur ("is driven out and put to flight"). Read expellatur ac fugetur (subjunctive), following Heumann.

(printed under page 540)

(15) ‹lemma: Ejusdem› · printed under col 1058

Ejusdem. Heuman. cum Anonymo Britanno putat legendum esse, ejus iidem.

Ejusdem ("of the same"). Heumann, with the Anonymous Briton, thinks one should read ejus iidem ("the same ... of it").

(printed under page 540)

(16) ‹lemma: Irrepserunt› · printed under col 1058

Irrepserunt. In ms. inrepserint.

Irrepserunt ("they have crept in"). In the manuscript, inrepserint.

(printed under page 540)

(17) ‹lemma: Cedunt› · printed under col 1058

Cedunt. In ms. cædunt.

Cedunt ("they yield"). In the manuscript, caedunt.

(printed under page 540)

(18) ‹lemma: Hominibus vita est› · printed under col 1058

Hominibus vita est. Forsan legendum, vitæ hominibus.

Hominibus vita est ("for men there is life"). Perhaps read vitae hominibus ("of life for men").

(printed under page 540)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 541)

(1) ‹lemma: Et vera› · printed under col 1059

Et vera. In ms. sed vera.

Et vera ("and true"). In the manuscript, sed vera.

(printed under page 541)

(2) ‹lemma: Atenim› · printed under col 1059

Atenim. In ms. Adenim.

Atenim ("but indeed"). In the manuscript, Adenim.

(printed under page 541)

(3) ‹lemma: Sed ne audire quidem› · printed under col 1059

Sed ne audire quidem, etc. Locus depravatus, qui potest ita legi; sed ne audiunt quidem patienter: violari aures suas sacrilegio putant, si audierint. Nec jam, etc.

Sed ne audire quidem ("but not even to hear"), etc. A corrupt passage, which can be read thus: "but they do not even listen patiently: they think their ears are violated by sacrilege if they listen. Nor now," etc.

(printed under page 541)

(4) ‹lemma: Iidemque› · printed under col 1059

Iidemque. In ms. idemque.

Iidemque ("and the same men"). In the manuscript, idemque.

(printed under page 541)

(5) ‹lemma: Nacti› · printed under col 1059

Nacti. In ms. Acti.

Nacti ("having obtained"). In the manuscript, Acti.

(printed under page 541)

(6) ‹lemma: Ullus› · printed under col 1059

Ullus. In ms. ullis.

Ullus ("any"). In the manuscript, ullis.

(printed under page 541)

(7) ‹lemma: Voluerunt› · printed under col 1059

Voluerunt. Adde ea mala nobis, aut fidelibus.

Voluerunt ("they wished"). Add ea mala nobis, aut fidelibus ("those evils on us, or on the faithful").

(printed under page 541)

(8) ‹lemma: Quæ› · printed under col 1059

Quæ. In ms. que.

Quae ("which"). In the manuscript, que.

(printed under page 541)

(9) ‹lemma: Et incognita› · printed under col 1059

Et incognita. Deest est in ms.

Et incognita ("and unknown"). Est is missing in the manuscript.

(printed under page 541)

(10) ‹lemma: Possunt› · printed under col 1059

Possunt. Heumannus putat legi debere possint.

Possunt ("they can"). Heumann thinks one ought to read possint (subjunctive).

(printed under page 541)

(11) ‹lemma: Aliquid› · printed under col 1059

Aliquid. In ms. aliquod.

Aliquid ("something"). In the manuscript, aliquod.

(printed under page 541)

(12) ‹lemma: Defensione› · printed under col 1059

Defensione. In ms. defensionem.

Defensione ("defence"). In the manuscript, defensionem.

(printed under page 541)

(13) ‹lemma: Defendunt› · printed under cols 1059–1060

Defendunt. Forte ex Heumanno legendum est, defendent.

Defendunt ("they defend"). Perhaps, following Heumann, one should read defendent ("they will defend").

(printed under page 541)

(14) ‹lemma: Nihil› · printed under col 1060

Nihil. In ms. nihilo: forte legendum esset nihili.

Nihil ("nothing"). In the manuscript, nihilo: perhaps one should read nihili ("of no worth").

(printed under page 541)

(15) ‹lemma: Videmus› · printed under col 1060

Videmus. Heumannus putat legi debere Vidimus, idque non male.

Videmus ("we see"). Heumann thinks one ought to read Vidimus ("we saw"), and not badly.

(printed under page 541)

(16) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1060

Et. In ms. set.

Et ("and"). In the manuscript, set.

(printed under page 541)

(17) ‹lemma: Et qui sit› · printed under col 1060

Et qui sit. Ex Heumanno forte, quis sit. pro et, ms. set habet.

Et qui sit ("and who may be"). Perhaps, following Heumann, quis sit. For et the manuscript has set.

(printed under page 541)

(18) ‹lemma: Ne› · printed under col 1060

Ne. In ms. nec.

Ne ("lest"). In the manuscript, nec.

(printed under page 541)

(19) ‹lemma: Si bonum non est› · printed under col 1060

Si bonum non est. Legitur Si bonum est apud Bunemannum, qui notam sequentem exhibet. — Si bonum est. Ita recte Davisius, cum priores editiones Pfaffii, Walch. et nuper Heuman., Si bonum non est haberent. Probatur emendatio ex lib. V, cap. 20. BUN.

Si bonum non est ("if it is not good"). Si bonum est is read in Bünemann, who gives the following note. — Si bonum est ("if it is good"). So Davies rightly, whereas the earlier editions of Pfaff, Walch, and lately Heumann had Si bonum non est. The emendation is confirmed from book 5, chapter 20. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 541)

(20) ‹lemma: Illicis› · printed under col 1060

Illicis. In ms. inlicis.

Illicis ("you entice"). In the manuscript, inlicis.

(printed under page 541)

(21) ‹lemma: Conatur› · printed under col 1060

Conatur. In ms. cogatur.

Conatur ("he tries"). In the manuscript, cogatur.

(printed under page 541)

(22) ‹lemma: Sinueris› · printed under col 1060

Sinueris. Ita habet ms. pro siveris.

Sinueris ("you have allowed"). So the manuscript has it, for siveris.

(printed under page 541)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 542)

(1) ‹lemma: Si fit› · printed under col 1061

Si fit. Elegantius est legere, si sit.

Si fit ("if it happens"). It is more elegant to read si sit ("if it is").

(printed under page 542)

(2) ‹lemma: Atqui› · printed under col 1061

Atqui. In ms. ad quin. — Atqui. Ms. Atquin. PFAF. — Pro Pfaffii et reliquorum atqui, restituit Taurin. ms., atquin, quod in antiquis mss. fere perpetuum. Vide cap. 55, et quæ notavi ad lib. I, cap. 4. BUN.

Atqui ("and yet"). In the manuscript, ad quin. — Atqui. The manuscript has Atquin. PFAFF. — For the atqui of Pfaff and the rest, the Turin manuscript has restored atquin, which is almost constant in old manuscripts. See chapter 55, and what I noted on book 1, chapter 4. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 542)

(3) ‹lemma: Sola est› · printed under col 1061

Sola est. Id est, sola res est.

Sola est ("is alone"). That is, sola res est ("is the only thing").

(printed under page 542)

(4) ‹lemma: Collocavit› · printed under col 1061

Collocavit. In ms. Conlocavit.

Collocavit ("he placed"). In the manuscript, Conlocavit.

(printed under page 542)

(5) ‹lemma: Placant› · printed under col 1061

Placant. In ms placat.

Placant ("they appease"). In the manuscript, placat.

(printed under page 542)

(6) ‹lemma: Atenim› · printed under col 1061

Atenim. In ms. adenim, pro etenim.

Atenim ("but indeed"). In the manuscript, adenim, for etenim.

(printed under page 542)

(7) ‹lemma: Fortem› · printed under col 1061

Fortem. Heumannus legit forte. — Fortem. Nihil mutandum: Fortem scripsit Lactantius: patet ex lib. V, cap. 11: Vidi ego in Bithynia præsidem gaudio mirabiliter elatum, tanquam barbarorum gentem aliquam subegisset, quod unus, qui per biennium magna virtute restiterat, postremo cedere visus esset. Sequentia satis produnt, in hoc nostro capite repeti quæ in lib. V, cap. 11. BUN.

Fortem ("brave"). Heumann reads forte ("perhaps"). — Fortem. Nothing is to be changed: Lactantius wrote Fortem, as is clear from book 5, chapter 11: "I myself saw in Bithynia a governor wonderfully elated with joy, as if he had subdued some nation of barbarians, because one man, who had resisted with great courage for two years, at last seemed to give way." What follows shows clearly enough that in this chapter of ours what is in book 5, chapter 11 is repeated. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 542)

(8) ‹lemma: Si superatis› · printed under col 1061

Si superatis, etc. Præclare admodum supra dixit Lactantius lib. V Div. Institut. cap. 13: Nostri autem (ut de viris taceam) pueri et mulierculæ tortores suos taciti vincunt; et exprimere illis gemitum nec ignis potest.

Si superatis ("if, having overcome"), etc. Lactantius said very finely above, in book 5 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 13: "But our boys and weak women (to say nothing of the men) overcome their torturers in silence; and not even fire can wring a groan from them."

(printed under page 542)

(9) ‹lemma: Morte› · printed under col 1061

Morte. In ms. mortem.

Morte ("with death"). In the manuscript, mortem.

(printed under page 542)

(10) ‹lemma: Exercentes› · printed under cols 1061–1062

Exercentes. In ms. exercent. — Exercentes. Ob ingratum sonum innocentes ... exercentes, et quia in ms. exercent legitur, Davisius corrigit: Et dum hanc adversus innocentes carnificam exercent. BUN.

Exercentes ("practising"). In the manuscript, exercent. — Exercentes. Because of the unpleasant sound of innocentes ... exercentes, and because exercent is read in the manuscript, Davies corrects: "And while they practise this butchery against the innocent." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 542)

(11) ‹lemma: Præscribetur› · printed under col 1062

Præscribetur. Clariss. Pfaffius putat legendum esse, num præscribetur, vel præscribeturne nobis.

Praescribetur ("it will be prescribed"). The most distinguished Pfaff thinks one should read num praescribetur or praescribeturne nobis ("will it be prescribed to us?").

(printed under page 542)

(12) ‹lemma: Stultitiam› · printed under col 1062

Stultitiam. Deest in ms. Pfaff. supplevit.

Stultitiam ("folly"). Missing in the manuscript; Pfaff supplied it.

(printed under page 542)

(13) ‹lemma: Aguntur› · printed under col 1062

Aguntur. Ita ms. pro quo clariss. Pfaffius existimat reponendum esse jocantur. At Heuman. putat nil mutandum esse, idque probat ex Instit. Divin. lib. V, cap. 20, ubi legitur mimos agi, verbum Comicorum. — Cur de Diis ipsis aguntur. Pfaffius correxerat, ediderat que cum Walchio: Jocantur; at in ms. cur de diis ipsis aguntur. Optime supplendum, Mimi, ex lib. V Instit., cap. 20: Eos (deos) publice turpiterque derident, de quibus etiam mimos agi cum risu et voluptate patiuntur. BUN.

Aguntur ("are performed"). So the manuscript, for which the most distinguished Pfaff thinks jocantur ("they jest") should be restored. But Heumann thinks nothing should be changed, and proves it from the Divine Institutes, book 5, chapter 20, where one reads mimos agi ("that mimes are performed"), a word of the comic writers. — Cur de Diis ipsis aguntur. Pfaff had corrected, and published with Walch, Jocantur; but in the manuscript, cur de diis ipsis aguntur. Mimi is best supplied, from book 5 of the Institutes, chapter 20: "They publicly and shamefully deride them (the gods), about whom they even suffer mimes to be performed with laughter and pleasure." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 542)

(14) ‹lemma: Si sunt› · printed under col 1062

Si sunt. Forte legas si sint.

Si sunt ("if they are"). Perhaps read si sint (subjunctive).

(printed under page 542)

(15) ‹lemma: Providentiam› · printed under col 1062

Providentiam. In ms. providentia.

Providentiam ("providence"). In the manuscript, providentia.

(printed under page 542)

(16) ‹lemma: Disserunt› · printed under col 1062

Disserunt. Lege asserunt. PFAFFIUS. — Mox sequitur alio sensu, asserentes; sed quia in ms. servatur, disserunt, et præcessit, aiunt asserenda est Taurin. scriptura, ex lib. V, cap. 10, ubi in eadem re aiunt, disserunt, disseruntur. BUN.

Disserunt ("they discourse"). Read asserunt ("they assert"). PFAFF. — Soon after follows asserentes, in another sense; but since the manuscript keeps disserunt, and aiunt preceded, the Turin reading must be upheld, from book 5, chapter 10, where on the same matter come aiunt, disserunt, disseruntur. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 542)

(17) ‹lemma: Primuli› · printed under col 1062 · (continues)

Primuli. Arbitrantur Heumannus et post eum Fitzsche hic esse mendum typographicum, loco verbi

Primuli ("the very first"). Heumann, and Fritzsche after him, judge that there is a printer's error here, in place of the word

(printed under page 542)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 543)

(1) ‹lemma: Primuli› · printed under col 1063 · (continued)

plurimi. Primuli legitur etiam in autographo clariss. Pfaffii.

(continued) plurimi ("very many"). Primuli is also read in the autograph of the most distinguished Pfaff.

(printed under page 543)

(2) ‹lemma: Atqui› · printed under col 1063

Atqui. In ms. Ad quin.

Atqui ("and yet"). In the manuscript, Ad quin.

(printed under page 543)

(3) ‹lemma: Infimorum› · printed under col 1063

Infimorum. Sic Heumannus legit recte. T. infirmorum.

Infimorum ("of the lowest"). So Heumann reads, rightly. The Turin manuscript has infirmorum ("of the weak").

(printed under page 543)

(4) ‹lemma: Quid esset› · printed under col 1063

Quid esset. Subaudi Justitia.

Quid esset ("what it was"). Understand Justitia ("justice").

(printed under page 543)

(5) ‹lemma: Proflueret› · printed under col 1063

Proflueret. In ms. profluerent.

Proflueret ("it would flow forth"). In the manuscript, profluerent.

(printed under page 543)

(6) ‹lemma: Commune› · printed under col 1063

Commune. In ms. communem.

Commune ("common"). In the manuscript, communem.

(printed under page 543)

(7) ‹lemma: Refelleret istorum› · printed under col 1063

Refelleret istorum. In ms. refellet storum.

Refelleret istorum ("would refute ... of these"). In the manuscript, refellet storum.

(printed under page 543)

(8) ‹lemma: Nam› · printed under col 1063

Nam, etc. Caput istud et sequentia jam edita fuerant: ea nos denuo damus recognita et emendatiora ad mss. codices 1 Bonon., 2 Reg., Bodl. et ad 16 editos. Epitome tamen deest in quibusdam editis, videlicet Venetiis 1472, et Rostochii 1476.

Nam ("for"), etc. This chapter and those following had already been published: we give them again, revised and more correct, against the manuscripts — 1 of Bologna, 2 Royal, the Bodleian — and against 16 printed editions. The Epitome, however, is missing in some editions, namely Venice 1472 and Rostock 1476.

(printed under page 543)

(9) ‹lemma: Agnoscere› · printed under col 1063

Agnoscere. Ita ms. Taurin. et alii; 1 Reg. rec. et editi cognoscere. Vide infra.

Agnoscere ("to acknowledge"). So the Turin manuscript and others; the more recent Royal manuscript 1 and the printed editions have cognoscere. See below.

(printed under page 543)

(10) ‹lemma: Dominum› · printed under col 1063

Dominum. Sic lego cum mss. 1 Bon., 2 Reg. et editis. In Taurin. est, Deum. At sequentia l. V, c. 18, lectionem nostram confirmant: Deum in quem duo vocabula Domini et Patris æque veneranda conveniunt; et infra, qui et Dominus verus et Pater est. — Mox pro et post legi Fritzsche mavult legere aut.

Dominum ("Lord"). So I read with the manuscripts — 1 of Bologna, 2 Royal — and the printed editions. In the Turin manuscript it is Deum ("God"). But the following, from book 5, chapter 18, confirm our reading: "God, to whom the two names of Lord and Father, equally to be revered, belong"; and below, "who is both true Lord and Father." — Shortly after, for et after legi, Fritzsche prefers to read aut.

(printed under page 543)

(11) ‹lemma: Nec cultum ejus legemque tenuerunt› · printed under col 1063

Nec cultum ejus legemque tenuerunt. Hæc verba absunt a ms. 1 Reg. rec., n. 3740, et a pluribus edit. vet.; leguntur tamen in antiquo ms. Thomasii et in Taurinensi.

Nec cultum ejus legemque tenuerunt ("nor did they hold to his worship and law"). These words are missing from the more recent Royal manuscript 1, no. 3740, and from several old editions; but they are read in Thomasius's old manuscript and in the Turin one.

(printed under page 543)

(12) ‹lemma: Nullum esse jus naturale› · printed under col 1063

Nullum esse jus naturale, etc. Ex Cicerone hoc mutuatum est. Vide Ciceronem lib. III de Republica inter Fragmenta.

Nullum esse jus naturale ("that there is no natural law"), etc. This is borrowed from Cicero. See Cicero, On the Republic book 3, among the Fragments.

(printed under page 543)

(13) ‹lemma: Consulit› · printed under col 1063

Consulit. Ita mss. mille aut saltem 900 annor. Taurin., Bonon., Regio-Put. n. 3736. At in 1 Reg. et editis legitur, consulet. Apud Ciceronem loco citato consulat.

Consulit ("it takes thought for"). So the manuscripts a thousand, or at least 900, years old: Turin, Bologna, Royal-Puteanus no. 3736. But in Royal 1 and the printed editions one reads consulet. In Cicero, at the place cited, consulat.

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(14) ‹lemma: Negligit› · printed under cols 1063–1064

Negligit. 1 Reg. rec. et editi, negliget; mss. tres antiquissimi, negligit.

Negligit ("it neglects"). The more recent Royal 1 and the printed editions, negliget; the three oldest manuscripts, negligit.

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(15) ‹lemma: Possederint› · printed under col 1064

Possederint. Sic mss. Bon., Taurin., Regio-Put. Alter Reg. rec. editi. et Cicero, possedere.

Possederint ("they have possessed"). So the manuscripts of Bologna, Turin, Royal-Puteanus. The other, more recent Royal, the printed editions, and Cicero, possedere.

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(16) ‹lemma: Casas› · printed under col 1064

Casas. Ita mss. Bon., 2 Reg. et editi; nec aliter Lactantius ipse lib. V, cap. 16, sub initium. At ms. Taurin. et Cicero vulgatus, causas, sed corrupte.

Casas ("huts"). So the manuscripts of Bologna, 2 Royal, and the printed editions; and Lactantius himself has nothing else in book 5, chapter 16, near the beginning. But the Turin manuscript and the common text of Cicero have causas ("causes"), corruptly.

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(17) ‹lemma: Justos› · printed under col 1064

Justos. Apud Ciceronem et in editis est, justos dicemus quidem. Tres veterrimi mss. ut in textu.

Justos ("just"). In Cicero and in the printed editions it is justos dicemus quidem ("we shall indeed call them just"). The three oldest manuscripts read as in the text.

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(18) ‹lemma: Judicari› · printed under col 1064

Judicari. In 1 Reg. rec. et edit. judicare; in Taurin. et Regio-Put. judicari.

Judicari ("to be judged"). In the more recent Royal 1 and the printed editions, judicare; in the Turin and Royal-Puteanus, judicari.

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(19) ‹lemma: Contendant› · printed under col 1064

Contendant. Cicero, contendunt.

Contendant ("they may contend"). Cicero, contendunt.

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(20) ‹lemma: Cogat› · printed under col 1064

Cogat. In Taurin. ms. coget.

Cogat ("may compel"). In the Turin manuscript, coget.

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(21) ‹lemma: Dissimulabit› · printed under col 1064

Dissimulabit. In Taurin. ms. dissimulavit.

Dissimulabit ("he will conceal"). In the Turin manuscript, dissimulavit.

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(22) ‹lemma: Indicabit› · printed under col 1064

Indicabit. In ms. Taurin. bis indicavit. Deest, Si indicabit, in editis quibusdam.

Indicabit ("he will disclose"). In the Turin manuscript, twice indicavit. Si indicabit is missing in some printed editions.

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(23) ‹lemma: Eum› · printed under col 1064

Eum, etc. Editi legunt, eum aliquando necesse sit, etc. Quidam tamen codices, teste Gallæo, legunt occupare aut mori: sed minus recte in aliis legitur occidere in activa significatione, quasi dicas perimere. Sed textus nostri lectio aptior est atque accommodatior capiti 17 libri V Institutionum.

Eum ("him"), etc. The printed editions read eum aliquando necesse sit ("it may sometimes be necessary that he"), etc. Some codices, however, on Gallaeus's testimony, read occupare aut mori ("to seize, or to die"); but less correctly others read occidere in an active sense, as if one said perimere ("to destroy"). The reading of our text is more apt and better suited to chapter 17 of book 5 of the Institutes.

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(24) ‹lemma: Evenire› · printed under col 1064

Evenire. Ita mss. Bon., 2 Reg. et editi; ms. Taurin. venire.

Evenire ("to happen"). So the manuscripts of Bologna, 2 Royal, and the printed editions; the Turin manuscript, venire.

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(25) ‹lemma: Prodit› · printed under col 1064

Prodit. In mss. Reg. rec. et editis, perdet. Recte quidem: at mss. Taurin. et Regio-Put. prodit.

Prodit ("betrays"). In the more recent Royal manuscript and the printed editions, perdet ("will destroy"). Rightly indeed; but the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts have prodit.

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(26) ‹lemma: Sed› · printed under col 1064

Sed. Ed. sed et.

Sed ("but"). The editions, sed et.

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(27) ‹lemma: Nocebit› · printed under col 1064

Nocebit. Quidam restituunt alii nocebit: vide Isæum ad istud caput Epitom.

Nocebit ("will harm"). Some restore alii nocebit ("will harm another"): see Isaeus on this chapter of the Epitome.

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(28) ‹lemma: Acuta› · printed under col 1064

Acuta. Lib. V Div. Institut. cap. 17 legitur, Arguta hæc plane.

Acuta ("sharp"). In book 5 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 17, one reads Arguta haec plane ("these are clever indeed").

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(29) ‹lemma: Facillime› · printed under col 1064

Facillime. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed. facile. At mss. 3 antiq. facillime.

Facillime ("most easily"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, facile. But the 3 old manuscripts, facillime.

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(30) ‹lemma: Imitatio› · printed under col 1064

Imitatio. Ita ms. Reg. rec. et ed. Sed in Taurin. Bonon., Regio-Put. est, Immutatio.

Imitatio ("imitation"). So the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions. But in the Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus it is Immutatio ("exchange").

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(31) ‹lemma: Sed› · printed under col 1064

Sed. Non extat in ms. Taurin., est in cæteris.

Sed ("but"). It does not appear in the Turin manuscript; it is in the others.

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(1) ‹lemma: Arguta› · printed under col 1065

Arguta. Editiones quædam pro et arguta, ponunt, intelligens redargui videtur, quia non.

Arguta ("clever"). Some editions, for et arguta, put intelligens redargui videtur, quia non ("the intelligent man seems to be refuted, because not").

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(2) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1065

Et. Deest in edit. et in ms. Reg. rec., sed legitur in cæteris.

Et ("and"). Missing in the editions and in the more recent Royal manuscript, but read in the others.

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(3) ‹lemma: Est› · printed under col 1065

Est. Taurin. Ms. esset.

Est ("is"). The Turin manuscript, esset.

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(4) ‹lemma: Potest› · printed under col 1065

Potest. Taurin., Bonon., Regio-Put., mss. 1 Reg. rec. et ed. poterit, quam lectionem prætulit O. F. Fritzsche.

Potest ("can"). Turin, Bologna, Royal-Puteanus; the more recent Royal manuscript 1 and the editions, poterit ("will be able"), a reading O. F. Fritzsche preferred.

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(5) ‹lemma: Non potest ergo› · printed under col 1065

Non potest ergo, etc. Mss. Taurin., Bonon., Regio-Put., ut in textu. In Reg. rec. in ed. ita: Igitur neque stulto justitiam, neque injusto sapientiam convenire. Ergo stultus non est; vel ut aliæ legunt editiones, qualis est Gallæi, quæ sic habet: Non potest igitur neque stulto justitia, neque injusto sapientia convenire. Ergo stultus, etc.

Non potest ergo ("therefore it cannot"), etc. The Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts read as in the text. In the more recent Royal and in the editions, thus: "Therefore neither does justice befit the fool, nor wisdom the unjust. Therefore he is not a fool"; or as other editions read, such as Gallaeus's, which has: "Therefore neither justice can befit the fool, nor wisdom the unjust. Therefore the fool," etc.

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(6) ‹lemma: Existimant› · printed under col 1065

Existimant. In Taurin. ms. æstimant. Cæteri mss. et ed. existimant.

Existimant ("they think"). In the Turin manuscript, aestimant. The other manuscripts and the editions, existimant.

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(7) ‹lemma: Quo diutius commodiusque› · printed under col 1065

Quo diutius commodiusque. Recte edit. Is., Spark. faventibus mss. Taurin., Bon. et 5 editis, in quibus legitur quod justius, pro quo diutius; Regio-Put. quod ius per abbreviationem; al. Reg. rec., ed. Paris. 1525, et Graph. quo justius, manifesto errore, qui repugnat sententiæ. Restituendus itaque hic locus ex ipsomet Lactantio, lib. V Institut., cap. 19, ubi habetur: Si enim post mortem nihil sumus, profecto stultissimi est hominis non huic vitæ consulere, ut sit quam diutina et commodis omnibus plena; quod qui faciet, a justitiæ regula discedat necesse est. Si autem superest homini vita melior et longior. In edit. Paris. 1525, Gymnic., Betul., Tornes. et in ora Plantin. positum est jucundius, atque in mss. Heumanni; unde vero, mihi non compertum: sed hoc fere idem est quam commodius.

Quo diutius commodiusque ("whereby more lastingly and more comfortably"). Rightly so the editions of Isaeus and Sparke, supported by the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and 5 editions, in which quod justius is read for quo diutius; Royal-Puteanus, quod ius by abbreviation; the other, more recent Royal, the Paris edition of 1525, and Gryphius, quo justius ("whereby more justly"), a plain error that contradicts the sense. The place must therefore be restored from Lactantius himself, book 5 of the Institutes, chapter 19, where we have: "For if after death we are nothing, it is surely the part of a most foolish man not to take thought for this life, that it may be as long as possible and full of every comfort; and whoever does this must depart from the rule of justice. But if a better and longer life remains for man." In the Paris edition of 1525, Gymnicus, Betuleius, Tornaesius, and in Plantin's margin, jucundius ("more pleasantly") is set, and in Heumann's manuscripts; from where, truly, I have not discovered: but it is nearly the same as commodius.

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(8) ‹lemma: Quia› · printed under col 1065

Quia. Ms. Taurin. qui. Cæteri, cum editis, quia.

Quia ("because"). The Turin manuscript, qui. The others, with the editions, quia.

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(9) ‹lemma: Malle› · printed under col 1065

Malle. Ms. 1 Reg. rec. et editi, velle. Melius mss. Regio-Put. et Taurin. mori malle, cum eodem Lactantio, lib. V Institut.

Malle ("to prefer"). The more recent Royal manuscript 1 and the editions, velle ("to wish"). Better the Royal-Puteanus and Turin manuscripts, mori malle ("to prefer to die"), agreeing with Lactantius himself, book 5 of the Institutes.

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(10) ‹lemma: Quam libare diis, et abire sine noxa› · printed under cols 1065–1066

Quam libare diis, et abire sine noxa. Ita Ms. Taurin. Optima lectio, cui favet ms. Regio-Put. in quo legitur, quam liberare di, sed abire sine noxa. Hæc mendose accepta ab auditore amanuensi, pro quam libare dis, et abire sine noxa. Alter ms. Reg. rec. quam liberam dicet abire sine noxa; dicet male intellectum pro dis et. Editi, cum libere liceat abire sine noxa. Sed et supra, cap. 54, Si quem fortem adegerint libare diis suis.

Quam libare diis, et abire sine noxa ("than to pour libation to the gods and go away unharmed"). So the Turin manuscript. The best reading, supported by the Royal-Puteanus manuscript, in which one reads quam liberare di, sed abire sine noxa. This was taken down wrongly by a copyist writing from dictation, for quam libare dis, et abire sine noxa. The other, more recent Royal manuscript has quam liberam dicet abire sine noxa; dicet misunderstood for dis et. The editions, cum libere liceat abire sine noxa ("since one may freely go away unharmed"). But compare also above, chapter 54: "If they have forced some brave man to pour libation to their gods."

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(11) ‹lemma: Tamen› · printed under col 1066

Tamen. Ms. Taurin. tam. Cæteri cum editis, tamen, ut in textu.

Tamen ("yet"). The Turin manuscript, tam. The others with the editions, tamen, as in the text.

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(12) ‹lemma: Non› · printed under col 1066

Non. Edit. nec.

Non ("not"). The editions, nec.

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(13) ‹lemma: Stultos vocent, dummodo ipsi sint stultissimi› · printed under col 1066

Stultos vocent, dummodo ipsi sint stultissimi, etc. Ita edit. Is. cum mss. Taurin., Bonon., Regio-Put., nisi quod in Taurinensi deest, stultissimi. In Reg. rec. et editis, pro vocent, est nolent.

Stultos vocent, dummodo ipsi sint stultissimi ("let them call them fools, provided they themselves are the greatest fools"), etc. So the edition of Isaeus with the Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, except that stultissimi is missing in the Turin. In the more recent Royal and the editions, for vocent there is nolent.

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(14) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1066

Et. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed., ex illis, corrupte. Cæteri mss., et illos.

Et ("and"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, ex illis, corruptly. The other manuscripts, et illos.

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(15) ‹lemma: Venerati› · printed under col 1066

Venerati. Ms. Taurin., adorati.

Venerati ("having venerated"). The Turin manuscript, adorati.

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(16) ‹lemma: Cultu› · printed under col 1066

Cultu. Ms. Taurin. mortem pro cultui; mendose.

Cultu ("worship"). The Turin manuscript, mortem pro cultui; wrongly.

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(17) ‹lemma: Dei recusaverint› · printed under col 1066

Dei recusaverint. Hæc lectio est mss. Bon., 2 Reg. et editorum. Ms. Taurin. Dei non recusaverunt; male.

Dei recusaverint ("they have refused ... of God"). This is the reading of the Bologna and 2 Royal manuscripts and of the editions. The Turin manuscript, Dei non recusaverunt; badly.

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(18) ‹lemma: Hæc est› · printed under col 1066

Hæc est, etc. Hunc locum sic restitui ex mss. Taurin., Bonon. et 2 Reg. Primus habet: Hæc est fides summa, unde in Bononiensi et edit. Is. factum est fidissima. In Regio-Put. deest fides; in Taurin. justitia. In Reg. rec. et editis lego: Hæc est illa fidelissima; cætera ut in textu. Forte legendum fidei summa, quod accedit ad fidissima et fidelissima aliorum codicum.

Haec est ("this is"), etc. I have restored this place thus from the Turin, Bologna and 2 Royal manuscripts. The first has: "This is the highest faith," from which in the Bologna manuscript and Isaeus's edition fidissima was made. In the Royal-Puteanus fides is missing; in the Turin, justitia. In the more recent Royal and the editions I read: "This is that most faithful"; the rest as in the text. Perhaps read fidei summa ("the sum of faith"), which comes close to the fidissima and fidelissima of the other codices.

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(19) ‹lemma: Quid judicent› · printed under col 1066

Quid judicent. Hæc duo verba desunt in ms. Taurin.

Quid judicent ("what they judge"). These two words are missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(20) ‹lemma: Judicaverunt› · printed under col 1066

Judicaverunt. Ms. solus Taurin, judicant.

Judicaverunt ("they have judged"). The Turin manuscript alone, judicant.

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(21) ‹lemma: Quod sit› · printed under col 1066

Quod sit. Ita antiq. mss. tres. 1 Reg. rec. cum editis, quid sit.

Quod sit ("that it is"). So the three old manuscripts. The more recent Royal 1 with the editions, quid sit ("what it is").

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(22) ‹lemma: Qui justissimus› · printed under col 1066

Qui justissimus. Sic mss. Bonon., Regio Put. In Taurin. quis sit; perperam repetitur sit, quod mox præcessit. 1 Reg. rec. et ed., qui justissimus.

Qui justissimus ("which is most just"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. In the Turin, quis sit; sit is wrongly repeated, having just preceded. The more recent Royal 1 and the editions, qui justissimus.

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(23) ‹lemma: Dona pretiosa› · printed under col 1066

Dona pretiosa. Ita 3 mss. antiquissimi et 4 ed., et Lactantius ipse lib. II, cap. 4, et de Ira Dei, cap. 21. In Reg. rec. et cæteris vulgatis est dona præsentia; male.

Dona pretiosa ("precious gifts"). So the 3 oldest manuscripts and 4 editions, and Lactantius himself, book 2, chapter 4, and On the Anger of God, chapter 21. In the more recent Royal and the other common texts it is dona praesentia ("present gifts"); badly.

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(24) ‹lemma: A quo si fames› · printed under col 1066

A quo si fames. Ms. Taurin. solus, quod si fames.

A quo si fames ("from whom if hunger"). The Turin manuscript alone, quod si fames.

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(25) ‹lemma: Abest› · printed under col 1066

Abest. Solus ms. Taurin. adest.

Abest ("is absent"). The Turin manuscript alone, adest ("is present").

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 545)

(1) ‹lemma: His› · printed under col 1067

His. 3 edit. iis.

His ("to these"). 3 editions, iis.

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(2) ‹lemma: Diisque› · printed under col 1067

Diisque. Ita 3 mss. antiq. In Reg. rec. et editis, aliisque.

Diisque ("and to the gods"). So the 3 old manuscripts. In the more recent Royal and the editions, aliisque ("and to others").

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(3) ‹lemma: Corporalia› · printed under col 1067

Corporalia. Ms. Reg. rec. et edit., corporale.

Corporalia ("bodily things"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, corporale.

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(4) ‹lemma: Incorporali› · printed under col 1067

Incorporali. Ms. Reg. rec et edit. incorporalibus incorporale.

Incorporali ("to the incorporeal"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, incorporalibus incorporale.

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(5) ‹lemma: Autem› · printed under col 1067

Autem. Deest in ms. Reg. rec. et editis.

Autem ("but"). Missing in the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions.

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(6) ‹lemma: Cum omnis terra in ipsius sit potestate› · printed under col 1067

Cum omnis terra in ipsius sit potestate. Ita mss. Bonon. Regio-Put., ed. Fasit., Is., Spark. (In Taurin. pro in est sub.), multo aptius et concinnius, quam illud quod in Reg. rec. et multis editis, Et est omnis terra sub ipsius potestate.

Cum omnis terra in ipsius sit potestate ("since all the earth is in his power"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and the editions of Fasitelius, Isaeus and Sparke (in the Turin, for in there is sub), far more fitting and elegant than what is in the more recent Royal and many editions: "And all the earth is under his power."

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(7) ‹lemma: Hominis› · printed under col 1067

Hominis. Ms. Reg. rec. et editi, hominibus. — In usum hominis. Pro editorum ab 1478-1698, et Cellarii, in usum hominibus; rectius Taurin. et ex eo editi, in usum hominis. Sic unde hæc sumpta, lib. VI, cap. 2: Qui in usum hominis tam clarum, tam candidam lucem dedit; et de Ira, cap. 13, ex mss. Reimm. in usum hominis a Deo facta. BUN.

Hominis ("of man"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, hominibus. — In usum hominis ("for the use of man"). For the in usum hominibus of the editions from 1478 to 1698 and of Cellarius, more rightly the Turin and the editions taken from it, in usum hominis. So in the place this is drawn from, book 6, chapter 2: "Who gave so clear, so bright a light for the use of man"; and On the Anger, chapter 13, from Reimmann's manuscripts: "made by God for the use of man." BÜNEMANN.

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(8) ‹lemma: Inepta, fragilia, ingrata sunt› · printed under col 1067

Inepta, fragilia, ingrata sunt. Sic mss. Taurin., Regio-Put., Bonon. Hæc quatuor verba a ms. Reg. rec. et editis absunt.

Inepta, fragilia, ingrata sunt ("they are foolish, frail, unwelcome"). So the Turin, Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts. These four words are missing from the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions.

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(9) ‹lemma: De seipso› · printed under col 1067

De seipso. In Taurin. ms., ipso.

De seipso ("from himself"). In the Turin manuscript, ipso.

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(10) ‹lemma: Immolat› · printed under col 1067

Immolat. Ita mss. Regii et editi; at in ms. Taurin. immolaverit.

Immolat ("he sacrifices"). So the Royal manuscripts and the editions; but in the Turin manuscript, immolaverit.

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(11) ‹lemma: Utrique› · printed under col 1067

Utrique. Mss., Taurin., Bon. Reg. Put. et ed. Is. At ms. 1 Reg. rec. et multi editi, utique, quod mox sequitur.

Utrique ("to both"). The Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. But the more recent Royal manuscript 1 and many editions, utique ("indeed"), which follows shortly after.

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(12) ‹lemma: Quod eas ad sola vitæ hujus› · printed under col 1067

Quod eas ad sola vitæ hujus, etc. Ms. Reg. et editi cum eas ad solius vitæ. Ed. Is. cum mss. Taurin., Bonon., ut in textu.

Quod eas ad sola vitae hujus ("that [they direct] them to the things of this life alone"), etc. The Royal manuscript and the editions, cum eas ad solius vitae. Isaeus's edition with the Turin and Bologna manuscripts, as in the text.

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(13) ‹lemma: Alteram vitæ› · printed under col 1067

Alteram vitæ. Deest in mss. Taurin.

Alteram vitae ("the other [way] of life"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(14) ‹lemma: Tenenda est› · printed under col 1067

Tenenda est. Ita mss. 3 antiq. At in Reg. rec. et in ed. legimus: Veneranda est nobis.

Tenenda est ("is to be held"). So the 3 old manuscripts. But in the more recent Royal and in the editions we read: Veneranda est nobis ("is to be revered by us").

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(15) ‹lemma: Ut parentem› · printed under col 1067

Ut parentem. Hæc verba Davisius delenda esse existimat, nec male, quamvis Clericus, tom. XI Biblioth. antiquæ et novæ legat, ut præsentem.

Ut parentem ("as a parent"). Davies thinks these words should be deleted, and not badly, although Le Clerc, vol. 11 of the Bibliothèque ancienne et moderne, reads ut praesentem ("as present").

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(16) ‹lemma: Idem enim nos› · printed under col 1067

Idem enim nos. In Reg. rec. et in ed. 5, Is est enim, qui nos; nec male.

Idem enim nos ("for the same [who] us"). In the more recent Royal and in 5 editions, Is est enim, qui nos ("for it is he who [made] us"); and not badly.

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(17) ‹lemma: Et vitæ ac necis potestatem› · printed under cols 1067–1068

Et vitæ ac necis potestatem. Patria potestas erat olim summa apud Romanos; ita ut non minus jus vitæ et necis in liberos patri esset, quam dominis in servos (Lib. II D. de suis et leg. her. l. fin. C. de patr. potest., lib. II cod. Theodos. de caus. liber.) Sopater. in Hermogen. Simplicius Com. in Epicteti Enchirid. Exactius hæc exequitur Dionys Halycarnass., lib. II. Addesis Dion. Chrysostomum orat. 14. Hoc vero patris in liberos jus ab Attica lege migravit Romam; Athenis enim Solon legem tulit περὶ τῶν ἀκρίτων, qua filium suum parenti necare permissum, ut auctor Sextus Empiricus l. III, Pyrrhon., Hypoth. Et liberi sub patria potestate haud multum a servientium specie differebant. Unde Libanius Declamation. 37: Κύριοι τῶν παίδων οἱ γονεῖς οὐχ ἧττον ἢ τῶν οἰκετῶν. Lactanct. Divin. Instit. lib. IV, cap. 3: Dominum vero eumdem esse, qui sit pater, etiam juris civilis ratio demonstrat. Quis enim poterit filios educare, nisi habeat in eos domini potestatem? Et paulo post: Ergo servus est, qui et filius; idem dominus, qui et pater. Seneca pater, Controvers. 19, lib. III: Ut vivis parentibus filius familiæ nulli potest servire, nisi patri, omni alia servitute liber est. Sic quemadmodum servus domino, ita jure vetustissimo, id est florente republica, omnia filius patri acquirebat. Dionys. Halicarnass. lib. VIII; Philo Judæus de Decalog. Verum patria illa majestas, ut loquuntur Valerius Maximus, lib. VII, cap. 7, § 5, et Quintilianus Declam. 375, seu summa illa patris in liberos potestas, posteriorum legislatorum constitutionibus multum delibata est. Qui, ut quasi iracundiæ parentum frenum injicerent, certum modum ei statuerunt (l. ult. C. de patr. potest.). Ita ut inauditum filium hodie interficere patri non liceat (lib. II D. ad leg. Corn. de Sicar, lib. V de leg. Pomp. de parricid.). Extra quam, si quid contra reipubl. salutem filius moliatur (lib. XXXV, D. de rel. et sumpt. funer.) OISELIUS.

Et vitae ac necis potestatem ("and power of life and death"). Paternal power was once supreme among the Romans, so that a father had no less a right of life and death over his children than masters over their slaves (Digest, book 2, On proper and lawful heirs, last law; Code, On paternal power; book 2 of the Theodosian Code, On cases of free status); Sopater on Hermogenes; Simplicius's commentary on Epictetus's Enchiridion. Dionysius of Halicarnassus treats this more exactly, book 2. You may add Dio Chrysostom, oration 14. This right of the father over his children passed from Attic law to Rome; for at Athens Solon made a law "concerning those condemned without trial", by which a son was allowed to be put to death by his parent, as Sextus Empiricus reports, book 3 of the Outlines of Pyrrhonism. And children under paternal power differed little from the condition of slaves. Hence Libanius, Declamation 37: "Parents are masters of their children no less than of their household slaves." Lactantius, Divine Institutes book 4, chapter 3: "That he who is father is also master the reasoning of civil law shows too. For who can bring up sons unless he has a master's power over them?" And a little after: "Therefore he who is son is also slave; he who is father is also master." Seneca the Elder, Controversiae 19, book 3: "Just as, while his parents live, a son of the family can be slave to no one but his father, he is free from every other servitude." Thus, as a slave for his master, so by the most ancient law, that is while the republic flourished, a son acquired everything for his father: Dionysius of Halicarnassus, book 8; Philo the Jew, On the Decalogue. But that paternal majesty, as Valerius Maximus (book 7, chapter 7, § 5) and Quintilian (Declamation 375) call it, that supreme power of the father over his children, was much curtailed by the enactments of later lawgivers, who, to put as it were a bridle on the anger of parents, set a fixed limit to it (last law of the Code, On paternal power), so that today a father may not kill a son unheard (Digest, book 2, on the Cornelian law on assassins; book 5, on the Pompeian law on parricide) — except if the son plots something against the safety of the state (Digest, book 35, On religious matters and funeral expenses). OISELIUS.

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(18) ‹lemma: Utique› · printed under col 1068

Utique. Legitur apud Bunem. Utrique. Sic ex Bonon. Isæus jam monuerat legendum, et ipse receperat recte, non auditus tamen a Gall., Spark., Cellario. Rectum esse utrique, patet ex lib. VI Instit. cap. 3. Minus recte igitur Pfaffius et Walchius, utique. Rectius Davis., Heuman. utrique. BUN.

Utique ("indeed"). In Bünemann one reads Utrique ("to both"). So Isaeus had already advised reading, from the Bologna manuscript, and had himself rightly adopted it, yet he was not heeded by Gallaeus, Sparke, Cellarius. That utrique is right is clear from book 6 of the Institutes, chapter 3. Less rightly, therefore, Pfaff and Walch have utique; more rightly Davies and Heumann, utrique. BÜNEMANN.

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 546)

(1) ‹lemma: Dissolutum› · printed under col 1069

Dissolutum. In ms. Reg. rec. et editis, dissolvitur ab ignorantia. Mss. 3 antiquiss. ut in textu.

Dissolutum ("dissolved"). In the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, dissolvitur ab ignorantia ("is dissolved by ignorance"). The 3 oldest manuscripts, as in the text.

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(2) ‹lemma: Est› · printed under col 1069

Est. Deest in ms. Taurinensi.

Est ("is"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(3) ‹lemma: Ferunt› · printed under col 1069

Ferunt. Reg. rec. et editi, aiunt. Cæteri mss. ferunt. Poetæ illi sunt: Hesiodus in operib.; Virgilius in fine II Georg.; Arat. in Phæn.; Ovid., I Metamor.; Senec. in Octav.

Ferunt ("they report"). The more recent Royal and the editions, aiunt ("they say"). The other manuscripts, ferunt. Those poets are: Hesiod in the Works; Virgil at the end of Georgics 2; Aratus in the Phaenomena; Ovid, Metamorphoses 1; Seneca in the Octavia.

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(4) ‹lemma: Sic diremptum› · printed under col 1069

Sic diremptum. Editi et mss. 3, direptum, corrupte; dicitur enim, dirimere fœdus, non diripere.

Sic diremptum ("thus broken off"). The editions and 3 manuscripts, direptum ("plundered"), corruptly; for one says dirimere foedus ("to break a treaty"), not diripere.

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(5) ‹lemma: Dirempta› · printed under col 1069

Dirempta. Mss. direpta; sed male.

Dirempta ("broken off"). The manuscripts, direpta; but badly.

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(6) ‹lemma: Tum sibi quisque consulere› · printed under col 1069

Tum sibi quisque consulere. Ita editi, cum ms. Reg. rec. Mallem, Cum sibi quisque consulere; subaudi cœpit.

Tum sibi quisque consulere ("then each to look after himself"). So the editions, with the more recent Royal manuscript. I should prefer Cum sibi quisque consulere; understand coepit ("began").

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(7) ‹lemma: Jus in viribus computare› · printed under col 1069

Jus in viribus computare. Ovid. Trist.: Cedit viribus æquum. Francius.

Jus in viribus computare ("to reckon right by strength"). Ovid, Tristia: "Justice yields to strength." FRANCIUS.

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(8) ‹lemma: Incommodis› · printed under col 1069

Incommodis. Ita mss. Bonon., Reg. Put. et editi. At mss. Taurin. et Reg. rec. commodis. Hæc tamen ultima lectio non est omnino contemnenda.

Incommodis ("to the disadvantage"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and the editions. But the Turin and the more recent Royal manuscripts, commodis ("to the advantage"). This last reading, however, is not to be despised altogether.

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(9) ‹lemma: Ita quæ ante palam fiebant› · printed under col 1069

Ita quæ ante palam fieoant. Sic lego cum mss. Bonon., Regio Put et edit. Thomas., Is. In cæteris editis ac mss. Taurin. et Reg. rec. legitur, itaque quæ.

Ita quae ante palam fiebant ("so the things that were done openly before"). So I read with the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and the editions of Thomasius and Isaeus. In the other editions and in the Turin and more recent Royal manuscripts one reads itaque quae.

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(10) ‹lemma: Remissionem› · printed under col 1069

Remissionem. Mss. 2 Reg. et 4 editi, remunerationem.

Remissionem ("remission"). The 2 Royal manuscripts and 4 editions, remunerationem ("reward").

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(11) ‹lemma: Bonorum› · printed under col 1069

Bonorum. Mss. 2 Reg. et 4 editi, justorum.

Bonorum ("of the good"). The 2 Royal manuscripts and 4 editions, justorum ("of the just").

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(12) ‹lemma: Ut nosceremus› · printed under col 1069

Ut nosceremus. Est manuscriptorum Taurin., Regio-Put. et Bonon. Non extat in Reg. rec. et 10 edit. Pro nosceremus, est in Bonon. Reg. rec. et supradictis editis 10, disceremus, quod mox præcessit.

Ut nosceremus ("that we might know"). This is the reading of the Turin, Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts. It does not appear in the more recent Royal and 10 editions. For nosceremus the Bologna, the more recent Royal and the 10 editions just mentioned have disceremus ("we might learn"), which had just preceded.

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(13) ‹lemma: Tradente› · printed under col 1069

Tradente. In Taurin. ms. tradentem. Cæteri tradente.

Tradente ("handing on"). In the Turin manuscript, tradentem. The others, tradente.

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(14) ‹lemma: Fuimus› · printed under col 1069

Fuimus. In ms. Reg. rec. et edit. sumus. Mss. Taur., Bonon., Regio-Put., fuimus.

Fuimus ("we were"). In the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, sumus ("we are"). The Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, fuimus.

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(15) ‹lemma: Igitur› · printed under cols 1069–1070

Igitur. In ms. Reg. rec. et edit. enim. Additum est modo vox divina ex mss. Regio-Put., Bonon. et editis 4.

Igitur ("therefore"). In the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, enim ("for"). The word divina ("divine") has just been added from the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts and 4 editions.

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(16) ‹lemma: Præstari› · printed under col 1070

Præstari. In ms. Reg. rec. et ed., præstare. Mss. Taur., Regio-Put., præstari.

Praestari ("to be rendered"). In the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, praestare. The Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, praestari.

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(17) ‹lemma: Ut ne› · printed under col 1070

Ut ne, etc. Mss. Bonon. et Reg. rec. ut ne. Taur., Regio-Put. ut non. Editi legunt, ut ne facias ulli, quod. Job. IV, Luc. VI.

Ut ne ("that not"), etc. The Bologna and more recent Royal manuscripts, ut ne. The Turin and Royal-Puteanus, ut non. The editions read ut ne facias ulli, quod ("that you do not do to anyone what"). Job 4 [sic; i.e. Tobit 4?], Luke 6.

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(18) ‹lemma: Metiaris› · printed under col 1070

Metiaris. Ita mss. 3 antiqui; at Reg. rec. et ed. metieris.

Metiaris ("you may measure"). So the 3 old manuscripts; but the more recent Royal and the editions, metieris ("you will measure").

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(19) ‹lemma: De te› · printed under col 1070

De te. Ita mss. Taur., Bonon., ed. Is.; at mss. 2 Reg. et ed. in te. Vide seq. de altero.

De te ("from yourself"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition; but the 2 Royal manuscripts and the editions, in te. See the following de altero ("from another").

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(20) ‹lemma: Volvamus› · printed under col 1070

Volvamus. Sed mss. Reg. rec. et ed. volvemus.

Volvamus ("let us ponder"). But the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, volvemus ("we shall ponder").

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(21) ‹lemma: Primo gradu› · printed under col 1070

Primo gradu. Verum mss. 2 Reg. et ed. in primo.

Primo gradu ("at the first step"). But the 2 Royal manuscripts and the editions, in primo.

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(22) ‹lemma: Insistit› · printed under col 1070

Insistit. Ita ms. Taurin., sed in ms. Reg. rec. et ed. consistit.

Insistit ("stands upon"). So the Turin manuscript, but in the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, consistit ("consists").

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(23) ‹lemma: Primum› · printed under col 1070

Primum. At in ms. Reg. rec. et ed. primus. — Primum... proximum. Hic locus adhuc in omnibus edd. corruptus fuit. Plures, neque primum Marian. Tuccius, uti Heumanno visum, sed prius Parrhas. 1509, tum Ald., Crat., Gymn., Gryph., Betul., Torn. legebant: Primus... non nocere proximo, sed officiose prodesse. BUN.

Primum ("first"). But in the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, primus. — Primum... proximum. This place has so far been corrupt in all the editions. Several — not first Marianus Tuccius, as Heumann thought, but earlier Parrhasius in 1509, then Aldus, Cratander, Gymnicus, Gryphius, Betuleius, Tornaesius — read: "The first [step]... is not to harm one's neighbour, but to help him dutifully." BÜNEMANN.

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(24) ‹lemma: Nocere› · printed under col 1070

Nocere. Ita Regio-Put. et Taurin. At ed. nocere proximo, sed officiose prodesse. A Bonon. abest officiose.

Nocere ("to harm"). So the Royal-Puteanus and Turin. But the editions, nocere proximo, sed officiose prodesse ("to harm one's neighbour, but to help him dutifully"). Officiose is missing from the Bologna.

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(25) ‹lemma: Rudibus agris› · printed under col 1070

Rudibus agris. Rudes agri dicuntur, qui nondum fuere cultura expoliti. Sic vas rude dicitur, quod nunquam fuit usurpatum. BARTHIUS.

Rudibus agris ("in untilled fields"). Fields are called rudes which have not yet been refined by cultivation. So a vessel is called rude which has never been used. BARTH.

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(26) ‹lemma: Et omnibus› · printed under col 1070

Et omnibus. Ita mss. Bon., Reg., Put. et ed. Is. In Taur., Reg. rec. et ed. omnium.

Et omnibus ("and to all"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. In the Turin, the more recent Royal and the editions, omnium ("of all").

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(27) ‹lemma: Sunt› · printed under col 1070

Sunt. In editis deest sunt.

Sunt ("are"). Sunt is missing in the editions.

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(28) ‹lemma: Ita› · printed under col 1070

Ita. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Ita ("so"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(1) ‹lemma: Respectum› · printed under col 1071

Respectum. Ms. Taurin. et editi addunt, aut curam: quod glossema a mss. 2 Reg. Bonon. et ed. Thom. et Is. abest.

Respectum ("regard"). The Turin manuscript and the editions add aut curam ("or care"): a gloss which is absent from the 2 Royal and Bologna manuscripts and the editions of Thomasius and Isaeus.

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(2) ‹lemma: Ira› · printed under col 1071

Ira. In Taurin. ms. iram.

Ira ("anger"). In the Turin manuscript, iram.

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(3) ‹lemma: Ante omnia› · printed under col 1071

Ante omnia. Sic in 3 antiq. mss. totidemque editis est. Ante omnia deest in cæteris editis et in ms. Reg. rec.

Ante omnia ("before all things"). So it stands in the 3 old manuscripts and as many editions. Ante omnia is missing in the other editions and in the more recent Royal manuscript.

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(4) ‹lemma: Inseri› · printed under col 1071

Inseri. At seri est in ed. et mss. 2 Reg. Vide supra in fine cap. præcedentis, virtutes inserendæ, et lib. VI Divinarum Institut., cap. 3.

Inseri ("to be implanted"). But seri ("to be sown") is in the editions and the 2 Royal manuscripts. See above at the end of the preceding chapter, virtutes inserendae ("virtues to be implanted"), and book 6 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 3.

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(5) ‹lemma: In totum› · printed under col 1071

In totum. Non extat in editis. — Neque in totum detrahi. Ex ms. restituit Pfaffius, in totum. Rectissime. Delectatur maxime hac formula Lactantius, quam scioli hinc inde corruperunt. Lib. II Institut., cap. 10: Potest occidere in totum, quia per partes occidit; l. IV, cap. 1: Sed adeo in totum sapientia occiderat; l. VII, cap. 20: Si non extinguibiles in totum. BUN.

In totum ("wholly"). It does not appear in the editions. — Neque in totum detrahi ("nor to be wholly removed"). Pfaff restored in totum from the manuscript. Most rightly. Lactantius takes great delight in this formula, which sciolists have corrupted here and there. Book 2 of the Institutes, chapter 10: "It can perish wholly, because it perishes by parts"; book 4, chapter 1: "But wisdom had so wholly perished"; book 7, chapter 20: "If they are not wholly extinguishable." BÜNEMANN.

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(6) ‹lemma: Diminui› · printed under col 1071

Diminui. Sic mss. 2 antiq. At edit. minui.

Diminui ("to be diminished"). So the 2 old manuscripts. But the editions, minui.

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(7) ‹lemma: Temperatis› · printed under col 1071

Temperatis. Sic mss. 4 et plerique editi: verum deest in Regio-Put. et Bon. At in Reg. rec. est temperandum.

Temperatis ("moderated"). So 4 manuscripts and most editions; but it is missing in the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna. And in the more recent Royal it is temperandum.

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(8) ‹lemma: Integris abutendum› · printed under col 1071

Integris abutendum. Sic Thysius, Spark., Gallæus, in meliorem partem sumpto verbo, ut in Terentii prologo Andriæ. Betul. utendum; Parrh. tamen et Aldus adutendum; et solet Lactantius more Ciceronis pro uti, ponere abuti. L. I Institut., cap. 6: Sicubi testimoniis earum fuerit abutendum; de Ira, cap. 11: Licet diversis nominibus fuerint abusi. BUNEMAN.

Integris abutendum ("they are to be used to the full while whole"). So Thysius, Sparke, Gallaeus, taking the verb in the better sense, as in Terence's prologue to the Andria. Betuleius, utendum; Parrhasius, however, and Aldus, adutendum; and Lactantius, after Cicero's manner, is accustomed to put abuti for uti. Book 1 of the Institutes, chapter 6: "If anywhere their testimonies must be used"; On the Anger, chapter 11: "Although they have used different names." BÜNEMANN.

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(9) ‹lemma: Insevit› · printed under col 1071

Insevit. Ita mss. Regio-Put. et Taurin. At editi legunt inseruit.

Insevit ("he implanted"). So the Royal-Puteanus and Turin manuscripts. But the editions read inseruit.

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(10) ‹lemma: Fortitudo› · printed under col 1071

Fortitudo. Ita Regio-Put., Taurin., Bodl. Aliter hic ed. cum ms. Reg. rec.: sicut si fortissime pro patria dimices. Ms. Taur. dimicemus; male. Vid. seq.

Fortitudo ("courage"). So the Royal-Puteanus, Turin and Bodleian. The editions with the more recent Royal manuscript read otherwise here: "as if you fight most bravely for your country." The Turin manuscript, dimicemus ("we fight"); badly. See the following.

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(11) ‹lemma: Habeas› · printed under col 1071

Habeas. Taurin. ms. habeat.

Habeas ("you have"). The Turin manuscript, habeat.

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(12) ‹lemma: Est a Deo› · printed under col 1071

Est a Deo. Deest in Taurin. verum legitur in mss. Bon., 2 Regiis et edit.

Est a Deo ("is from God"). Missing in the Turin, but read in the Bologna manuscript, the 2 Royal ones and the editions.

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(13) ‹lemma: Sed› · printed under col 1071

Sed. Ita 3 mss. antiq. At ms. Regio-Put. et edd. et pro sed habent.

Sed ("but"). So the 3 old manuscripts. But the Royal-Puteanus manuscript and the editions have et for sed.

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(14) ‹lemma: Ignorant› · printed under col 1071

Ignorant. At ms. Reg. et edit. legunt, Ignorat.

Ignorant ("they do not know"). But the Royal manuscript and the editions read Ignorat.

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(15) ‹lemma: Irascuntur› · printed under cols 1071–1072

Irascuntur. In ed. irascitur paribus aut fortioribus. Mss. Taurin., Regio-Put., habent aut potioribus.

Irascuntur ("they are angry"). In the editions, irascitur paribus aut fortioribus ("he is angry with equals or stronger men"). The Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts have aut potioribus ("or superiors").

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(16) ‹lemma: Testamenta› · printed under col 1072

Testamenta. Ita Taur., Bon., Reg. Put.; at Reg. rec. et ed. testimonia, melius.

Testamenta ("wills"). So the Turin, Bologna and Royal-Puteanus; but the more recent Royal and the editions, testimonia ("testimonies"), better.

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(17) ‹lemma: Omnia› · printed under col 1072

Omnia. In edit. omnium.

Omnia ("all"). In the editions, omnium.

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(18) ‹lemma: Liberos› · printed under col 1072

Liberos. Sed in Reg. rec. et edit. filios.

Liberos ("children"). But in the more recent Royal and the editions, filios ("sons").

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(19) ‹lemma: In› · printed under col 1072

In. Non extat in editis. Et Heumannus putat esse delendum.

In ("in"). It does not appear in the editions. And Heumann thinks it should be deleted.

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(20) ‹lemma: Utuntur› · printed under col 1072

Utuntur. Sed in Taurin. ms., ut in eo.

Utuntur ("they use"). But in the Turin manuscript, ut in eo.

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(21) ‹lemma: Illiciti amores› · printed under col 1072

Illiciti amores. Ita mss. Bon., Regio-Put. et ed. Is. Taurin. ms. inlicent amores; Reg. rec. illicitæ jam opes; editi, illicitæ nuptiæ.

Illiciti amores ("unlawful loves"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. The Turin manuscript, inlicent amores; the more recent Royal, illicitae jam opes ("now unlawful riches"); the editions, illicitae nuptiae ("unlawful marriages").

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(22) ‹lemma: Dirigendi› · printed under col 1072

Dirigendi. Ita veterrimi mss. At ms. Reg. rec. et ed. redigendi, quod jam mox præcessit.

Dirigendi ("of directing"). So the oldest manuscripts. But the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, redigendi, which had just preceded.

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(23) ‹lemma: In qua› · printed under col 1072

In qua. Restitui ex 2 mss. Reg, et ed. In qua, deest in Taurin. et Bon. quorum ultimus habet sunt, ut editi.

In qua ("in which"). I have restored it from the 2 Royal manuscripts and the editions. In qua is missing in the Turin and Bologna, the last of which has sunt, as the editions do.

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(24) ‹lemma: Frangatur› · printed under col 1072

Frangatur. Mss. 3 antiq. At ed. frangitur.

Frangatur ("may be broken"). The 3 old manuscripts. But the editions, frangitur ("is broken").

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(25) ‹lemma: Coacervandis› · printed under col 1072

Coacervandis. Ita mss. Taur., Reg. Put. At Regius alter et editi, congerendis.

Coacervandis ("for heaping up"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the other Royal and the editions, congerendis ("for amassing").

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(26) ‹lemma: Latrocinio, aut furto› · printed under col 1072

Latrocinio, aut furto. Hæc duo verba ut inutilia expunxi, quæ absunt a mss. ac 6 ed. — Aut furto. Absunt a Taur., Bonon., mss. Thomasio, et cum secutis, et Cellario; habent Torn., Betul., Paris. At aut furore, Ven. 1478, 93, 1497. Pier., Parrh., Paris., perperam. BUN.

Latrocinio, aut furto ("by robbery, or theft"). I have struck out these two words as useless; they are absent from the manuscripts and 6 editions. — Aut furto. They are absent from the Turin and Bologna manuscripts, from Thomasius and those who followed him, and from Cellarius; Tornaesius, Betuleius and the Paris edition have them. But aut furore ("or by madness"), Venice 1478, '93, 1497, Pierius, Parrhasius, the Paris edition, wrongly. BÜNEMANN.

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(27) ‹lemma: Necesse› · printed under col 1072

Necesse. Legitur facile in editis. In mss. Bon., Taur., Reg. Put., Bodl., necesse.

Necesse ("necessary"). Facile ("easy") is read in the editions. In the Bologna, Turin, Royal-Puteanus and Bodleian manuscripts, necesse.

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(28) ‹lemma: Infamiam› · printed under col 1072

Infamiam. Sic lego ex veterrimis mss. Bonon. et Regio-Put. non insaniam, ut ferunt mss. Taurin., Reg. rec. et edit. Nam ex doctissimis medicis qnos consului, frequentior coitus (ut aiunt) insaniam non generat. Hic enim agitur de his, qui nimia voluptate illecti, non solum uxores suas, sed et alienas quoque appetunt, etc. Vide Augustinum, serm. 278, de Sanctis, n. 9.

Infamiam ("disgrace"). So I read from the very old Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, not insaniam ("madness"), as the Turin and more recent Royal manuscripts and the editions have it. For according to the most learned physicians I have consulted, more frequent intercourse (as they say) does not produce madness. For the subject here is those who, enticed by excessive pleasure, desire not only their own wives but others' as well, etc. See Augustine, Sermon 278, On the Saints, no. 9.

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(29) ‹lemma: Acquirit› · printed under col 1072

Acquirit. At ed. incurrit; mss. Regio-Put., Taurin., Bonon., Bodl. acquirit; Reg. rec. accurrit, corrupte.

Acquirit ("acquires"). But the editions, incurrit ("incurs"); the Royal-Puteanus, Turin, Bologna and Bodleian manuscripts, acquirit; the more recent Royal, accurrit, corruptly.

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(30) ‹lemma: Quis› · printed under col 1072

Quis. Non habetur in mss. 2 Reg. et edit.

Quis ("anyone"). It is not found in the 2 Royal manuscripts and the editions.

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed. The last printed line in each column is damaged in the scan (smeared type); readings there are marked [uncertain]. --> (printed under page 548)

(1) ‹lemma: Aurium... suavibus› · printed under col 1073

Aurium... suavibus. Deest in ms. Taurin., lego suavibus ex Regio Put. Est et apud Ciceronem vox suavis et canora. In Bonon. suavitatibus; in Taurin. et Reg. rec. ac editis suasionibus: apud Lactant. l. VI, cap. 21, vocum suavitas, et suaves soni.

Aurium... suavibus ("of the ears... by sweet [sounds]"). Missing in the Turin manuscript; I read suavibus from the Royal-Puteanus. In Cicero too there is vox suavis et canora ("a sweet and tuneful voice"). In the Bologna, suavitatibus; in the Turin and the more recent Royal and the editions, suasionibus ("persuasions"); in Lactantius, book 6, chapter 21, vocum suavitas ("sweetness of voices") and suaves soni ("sweet sounds").

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(2) ‹lemma: Dulcibus› · printed under col 1073

Dulcibus. Ita mss. Taur. et Reg. Put. At Reg. rec. et ed. dulcioribus.

Dulcibus ("sweet"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the more recent Royal and the editions, dulcioribus ("sweeter").

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(3) ‹lemma: Voluptatibus› · printed under col 1073

Voluptatibus. Sic mss. Reg. Put. et Taurin. At Reg. rec. et ed., voluptate.

Voluptatibus ("by pleasures"). So the Royal-Puteanus and Turin manuscripts. But the more recent Royal and the editions, voluptate.

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(4) ‹lemma: Luxuriam› · printed under col 1073

Luxuriam. Taurin. luxuriem; Bonon., Regio-Put. Taurin., possunt; ed. luxuriam poterit.

Luxuriam ("luxury"). The Turin, luxuriem; the Bologna, Royal-Puteanus and Turin, possunt; the editions, luxuriam poterit.

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(5) ‹lemma: Intimos› · printed under col 1073

Intimos. Non extat in ed. multis. — Sensus intimos. Rectissime intimos addiderunt ex Bonon., Thomasius, Isaeus, etc. Cell., et ex Taurin. ms. Pfaffius, etc. Sic l. I Institut., cap. 20: sensibus intimis. Esse elegantiam Tullianam ad Minuc. Fel. cap. I: intimis sensibus, Gronovius ostendit. Iterum Lact. lib. VI, cap. 21: Ne capiamur iis quae ad sensum intimum penetrant. BUN.

Intimos ("inmost"). It does not appear in many editions. — Sensus intimos ("the inmost senses"). Most rightly Thomasius, Isaeus, etc., and Cellarius added intimos from the Bologna manuscript, and Pfaff, etc., from the Turin manuscript. So book 1 of the Institutes, chapter 20: sensibus intimis. Gronovius showed, on Minucius Felix chapter 1 (intimis sensibus), that it is a Ciceronian elegance. Again Lactantius, book 6, chapter 21: "That we may not be captured by those things which penetrate to the inmost sense." BÜNEMANN.

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(6) ‹lemma: Statum› · printed under col 1073

Statum, etc. Mss. 3 antiq. ut in textu: haec paulo aliter leguntur in ed. — Statum mentis furore perturbent. Cell. et alii, ut etiam status mentis furore perturbetur. Priorem lectionem praestant Bonon., Taurin., Isaeus, Pfaffius et seqq. rectissime. BUN.

Statum ("the state"), etc. The 3 old manuscripts read as in the text; these words are read a little differently in the editions. — Statum mentis furore perturbent ("they disturb the state of the mind with frenzy"). Cellarius and others, "so that even the state of the mind is disturbed with frenzy." The former reading is offered by the Bologna and Turin, Isaeus, Pfaff and those following, most rightly. BÜNEMANN.

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(7) ‹lemma: Certis› · printed under col 1073

Certis. Antiqui tres mss. certe; editi, certis; mss. Reg. rec. caeteris, corrupte, pro certis.

Certis ("certain"). The three old manuscripts, certe; the editions, certis; the more recent Royal manuscript, caeteris, corruptly, for certis.

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(8) ‹lemma: Credunt› · printed under col 1073

Credunt. In ed. creditur. In mss. Regio-Put., Taurin., Bonon., ed. Is. et Fasitel. credunt, recte.

Credunt ("they believe"). In the editions, creditur. In the Royal-Puteanus, Turin and Bologna manuscripts and the editions of Isaeus and Fasitelius, credunt, rightly.

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(9) ‹lemma: Qui› · printed under col 1073

Qui. In edit. quia.

Qui ("who"). In the editions, quia.

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(10) ‹lemma: Malunt› · printed under col 1073

Malunt. Ms. Reg. rec. et edit. volunt; mss. Regio-Put., Taurin., Bonon. et edit. Is. malunt.

Malunt ("they prefer"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, volunt ("they wish"); the Royal-Puteanus, Turin and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition, malunt.

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(11) ‹lemma: Dulcia› · printed under col 1073

Dulcia. Emendavi ex Regio-Put. et Bonon. Quod jam observaverat Rittershusius ad Isidor. Pelus. In mss. Taurin., Reg. rec. et editis dubia, male. Vid. seqq.

Dulcia ("sweet things"). I have corrected it from the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna, as Rittershusius had already observed on Isidore of Pelusium. In the Turin and more recent Royal manuscripts and the editions, dubia ("doubtful things"), badly. See what follows.

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(12) ‹lemma: Suavitate› · printed under col 1073

Suavitate. Sic mss. Taurin., Reg. Put., Bonon., ed. Is. Alter Reg. et editi, varietate, sed mendose.

Suavitate ("by sweetness"). So the Turin, Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. The other Royal and the editions, varietate ("by variety"), but wrongly.

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(13) ‹lemma: Rapit› · printed under col 1073

Rapit. Mss. Bonon. et 2 Reg. cadit, male. Ms. Taurin. capit, mendose. Editi, rapit, recte.

Rapit ("carries off"). The Bologna and 2 Royal manuscripts, cadit, badly. The Turin manuscript, capit, wrongly. The editions, rapit, rightly.

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(14) ‹lemma: Potentiora› · printed under col 1073

Potentiora. Mss. duo Reg. Taur. et multi editi potentia. Ms. Bonon. et ed. Is. potentiam. Lactantius, lib. VI Div. Instit., c. 20, ad corrumpendos animos potentissime valent. [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Potentiora ("more powerful"). The two Royal manuscripts, the Turin and many editions, potentia. The Bologna manuscript and Isaeus's edition, potentiam. Lactantius, book 6 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 20: "they are most powerfully strong for corrupting minds." [uncertain reading of the last line]

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(15) ‹lemma: Totaliter› · printed under col 1074

Totaliter. 3 mss. tum; ms. Reg. rec. taliter; omnes editi totaliter. — Et cavenda sunt totaliter. Dictionem totaliter expulimus, quae nec Lactantiana est, nec Latina, nec in Bon. aut aliis mss. recepta. Isaeus. Bene. Non agnoscit eamdem Sparkius. BUN.

Totaliter ("totally"). 3 manuscripts, tum; the more recent Royal manuscript, taliter; all the editions, totaliter. — Et cavenda sunt totaliter ("and they are to be totally avoided"). "We have expelled the word totaliter, which is neither Lactantian nor Latin, nor admitted in the Bologna or other manuscripts." Isaeus. Well said. Sparke does not recognize it either. BÜNEMANN.

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(16) ‹lemma: Munerum› · printed under col 1074

Munerum. Ita omnes mss. praeter Taurin. cui est numerum, sed corrupte.

Munerum ("of the shows"). So all the manuscripts except the Turin, which has numerum, but corruptly.

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(17) ‹lemma: Munerum editiones Saturni festa sunt› · printed under col 1074

Munerum editiones Saturni festa sunt. Sic emendavi ex mss. Bon., Reg. Put., Taurin. et edit. Is. Et quidem recte. Nec immutanda fuit genuina Lactantii lectio. Non enim Saturno fiebant munera: sed in ejus festo, scilicet in Saturnalibus edebantur ludi, et amici sibi invicem munera mittebant, quae Saturnalia dicebantur. Vide Rosinum Antiquitat. Romanar. lib. IV, cap. 16, et Macrobium, lib. I Saturnal. cap. 7. In ms. Reg. rec. in 10 edition. et in nova Parisiensi, Saturno factae sunt; in Fasitel. et Cellar. Saturno facta sunt, male.

Munerum editiones Saturni festa sunt ("the putting on of the shows is the feast of Saturn"). So I have corrected from the Bologna, Royal-Puteanus and Turin manuscripts and Isaeus's edition, and rightly. Lactantius's genuine reading should not have been altered. For the shows were not made to Saturn; but at his feast, namely the Saturnalia, games were put on, and friends sent one another gifts, which were called Saturnalia. See Rosinus, Roman Antiquities book 4, chapter 16, and Macrobius, Saturnalia book 1, chapter 7. In the more recent Royal manuscript, in 10 editions and in the new Paris one, Saturno factae sunt ("were made to Saturn"); in Fasitelius and Cellarius, Saturno facta sunt, badly.

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(18) ‹lemma: Spectaculis› · printed under col 1074

Spectaculis. Sic mss. Taurin., Reg.-Put., Bonon., Bold. Et sic legendum esse patet ex fine cap. 20 lib. Divin. Institut., ubi constanter legitur ex omnibus tum mss. tum edit. codicibus: Si quis igitur spectaculis interest, ad quae religionis gratia convenitur, discessit a Dei cultu, et ad deos se contulit, quorum natales et festa celebravit. Legitur in uno ms. Reg. rec. et ed. spectat vel interest.

Spectaculis ("at the shows"). So the Turin, Royal-Puteanus, Bologna and Bodleian [printed "Bold."] manuscripts. And that this is the reading is clear from the end of chapter 20 of the book of the Divine Institutes, where it is read consistently in all the codices, manuscript and printed alike: "If anyone, therefore, attends the shows, to which people gather for the sake of religion, he has departed from the worship of God and gone over to the gods whose birthdays and feasts he has celebrated." In the one more recent Royal manuscript and the editions one reads spectat vel interest ("watches or attends").

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(19) ‹lemma: Munitur› · printed under col 1074

Munitur. Ms. Reg. rec. et edit., multatur.

Munitur ("is fortified"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, multatur ("is punished").

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(20) ‹lemma: Invenit› · printed under col 1074

Invenit. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed., inventa.

Invenit ("found"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, inventa.

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(21) ‹lemma: Faciat› · printed under col 1074

Faciat. Ed. faciant et hoc ut scelus vindicent. Taur., Regio-Put., faciat. Bon., Regio-Put., vindicavit. Taur., vindicabit.

Faciat ("may do"). The editions, faciant et hoc ut scelus vindicent ("let them do this too, to avenge the crime"). The Turin and Royal-Puteanus, faciat. The Bologna and Royal-Puteanus, vindicavit. The Turin, vindicabit.

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(22) ‹lemma: Eidem facinori› · printed under col 1074

Eidem facinori. Ed. eodem facinore spectator obstrictus est, quo et admissor. Mss. ut in textu. Lactantius ipse lib. III, cap. 18, Eidem sceleri obstrictus est.

Eidem facinori ("to the same crime"). The editions, eodem facinore spectator obstrictus est, quo et admissor ("the spectator is bound by the same crime as the perpetrator"). The manuscripts, as in the text. Lactantius himself, book 3, chapter 18: "He is bound to the same crime."

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(23) ‹lemma: Admissor› · printed under col 1074

Admissor. Hanc vocem in antiquioribus non legi: inveni vero in August. de Civit. Dei l. VII, cap. 3: seminis admissor, admissor scilicet facinoris. BUN.

Admissor ("perpetrator"). I have not read this word in the older writers; but I found it in Augustine, City of God book 7, chapter 3: seminis admissor ("admitter of the seed") — admissor, that is, of a crime. BÜNEMANN.

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(24) ‹lemma: Et in his› · printed under col 1074

Et in his. Ed. Et his gladiatorum sceleribus; Taurin., Regio-Put., in his gladiatorum caedibus; Bonon. et 2 Reg. cum editis, perfunditur; Taurin. profunditur.

Et in his ("and in these"). The editions, Et his gladiatorum sceleribus ("and by these crimes of the gladiators"); the Turin and Royal-Puteanus, in his gladiatorum caedibus ("in these slaughters of the gladiators"); the Bologna and 2 Royal with the editions, perfunditur; the Turin, profunditur.

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(25) ‹lemma: Cruore profunditur› · printed under col 1074 · (continues)

Cruore profunditur. Buneman. legere mavult perfunditur, sicque suam lectionem conatur asserere: Non, inquit, dicunt ita Latini; lege igitur cum Bon. [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Cruore profunditur ("is poured out with blood"). Bünemann prefers to read perfunditur ("is drenched"), and tries to defend his reading thus: "The Latins," he says, "do not speak so; read therefore with the Bologna [manuscript]" [uncertain reading of the last line]

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 549)

(1) ‹lemma: Cruore profunditur› · printed under col 1075 · (continued)

et editis, cruore perfunditur. Lib. VI, cap. 20: Ne conscientiam perfundat ullus cruor; l. VII, cap. 1, sancto cruore perfusi; Ovid. I Metam. 157, perfusa sanguine terra; Tacit., Agric., cap 45: Nos innocenti sanguine Senecio perfudit. Profundere cruorem est effundere. » BUN.

(continued) and the editions, cruore perfunditur ("is drenched with blood"). Book 6, chapter 20: "Lest any blood drench the conscience"; book 7, chapter 1: "drenched with holy blood"; Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.157: "the earth drenched with blood"; Tacitus, Agricola, chapter 45: "Senecio drenched us with innocent blood." Profundere cruorem means "to pour out blood." BÜNEMANN.

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(2) ‹lemma: Favit› · printed under col 1075

Favit. Editi, favet.

Favit ("favoured"). The editions, favet ("favours").

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(3) ‹lemma: Histrionum› · printed under col 1075

Histrionum. Ita Taurin. et Regio-Put. At in ms. Reg. rec. et in editis, Histrionici.

Histrionum ("of the actors"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus. But in the more recent Royal manuscript and in the editions, Histrionici.

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(4) ‹lemma: Nam mimus› · printed under col 1075

Nam mimus, etc. Sic emendavi ex mss. Regio-Put., Bonon. ac edit. Cantabrig. et Cellar. In ms. Taurin. et edit. Walch., Nec minus; Reg. rec. Non minus; edit. Crat., Graph., An non minus; male. Edit. sex: An non minus corruptela disciplinarum est. Propius ad eam, quam restitui, lectionem accedit editio Juntar. quæ sic habet: An non mimus corruptelarum disciplina est. Nec secus habet Lactantius lib. VI, cap. 20: Quid de mimis loquar corruptelarum præferentibus disciplinam?

Nam mimus ("for the mime"), etc. So I have corrected from the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts and the Cambridge edition and Cellarius's. In the Turin manuscript and Walch's edition, Nec minus; the more recent Royal, Non minus; the editions of Cratander and Gryphius, An non minus; badly. Six editions: An non minus corruptela disciplinarum est ("is it not less a corruption of teachings?"). Closer to the reading I have restored comes the Juntine edition, which has: "Is not the mime a school of corruptions?" And Lactantius has nothing different in book 6, chapter 20: "What shall I say of the mimes, which display a school of corruptions?"

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(5) ‹lemma: In quo fiunt› · printed under col 1075

In quo fiunt. Ita omnes fere editi cum mss. Et recte; refertur enim ad mimus. Edit. nova Parisiensis et Walch. in qua, male.

In quo fiunt ("in which are done"). So almost all the editions with the manuscripts. And rightly, for it refers to mimus. The new Paris edition and Walch, in qua, badly.

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(6) ‹lemma: Pudenda› · printed under col 1075

Pudenda. Ita mss. Taurin. et Reg. Put. At editi cum ms. Reg. rec., quæ non sunt.

Pudenda ("shameful things"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the editions with the more recent Royal manuscript, quae non sunt ("which are not").

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(7) ‹lemma: Circus› · printed under col 1075

Circus. Ms. Reg. rec. et editi pro vero habent non. Cæterum circus sic dictus, quod circum spectaculis ædificatus, ubi ludi fiunt, et quod ibi circum metas fertur pompa, et equi currunt, ut ait Varro de L. L. l. IV.

Circus. The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions have non for vero. Moreover the circus is so called "because it is built around with seating for spectacles, where games are held, and because there the procession is carried around the turning-posts, and the horses run," as Varro says, On the Latin Language book 4.

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(8) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1075

Et. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed. nec non et.

Et ("and"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, nec non et.

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(9) ‹lemma: Deliniti› · printed under col 1075

Deliniti. Mss. Taurin. et Regio-Put. deleniti.

Deliniti ("soothed"). The Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, deleniti.

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(10) ‹lemma: Laqueos› · printed under col 1075

Laqueos. Ms. Taurin. solus plagas. Cæteri laqueos. — In mortis plagas incidamus. Editi in laqueos; ut lib. II, cap. 1: In laqueos mortis incurrunt; et lib. IV, cap. 26: In laqueos æternæ mortis incurrunt; lib. IV, cap. 30: Nequando in laqueos et fraudes adversarii incideremus. Pro Taurin. est lib. III, cap. 1: Ipsi se in plagas... induxerunt; lib. II, cap. 16: plagas tendunt. BUN.

Laqueos ("snares"). The Turin manuscript alone, plagas ("nets"). The others, laqueos. — In mortis plagas incidamus ("let us fall into the nets of death"). The editions, in laqueos; as in book 2, chapter 1: "They run into the snares of death"; and book 4, chapter 26: "They run into the snares of eternal death"; book 4, chapter 30: "Lest at any time we should fall into the snares and frauds of the adversary." In favour of the Turin is book 3, chapter 1: "They have led themselves into the nets..."; book 2, chapter 16: "they spread nets." BÜNEMANN.

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(11) ‹lemma: Placeat› · printed under col 1075

Placeat. Sic reposui ex mss. Ed. Placet.

Placeat ("let it please"). So I have restored from the manuscripts. The editions, Placet ("it pleases").

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(12) ‹lemma: Superatis› · printed under col 1075

Superatis. Mss. Reg. rec. et ed. suppositis. Cæteri ut in textu.

Superatis ("overcome"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, suppositis ("subjected"). The others, as in the text.

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(13) ‹lemma: Labor est ei, qui sit Dei› · printed under cols 1075–1076

Labor est ei, qui sit Dei. Verba, ei, qui sit, non leguntur in manuscripto Taur. Forsan ita distinguendum: Labor est, Dei veritatisque sectatör non maledicet unquam. Anonymus Britannus, approbante Heumanno: labor est Dei veritatisque sectatori. BUN.

Labor est ei, qui sit Dei ("it is a labour for him who is God's"). The words ei, qui sit are not read in the Turin manuscript. Perhaps it should be punctuated thus: "It is a labour; the follower of God and of truth will never speak evil." The Anonymous Briton, with Heumann's approval: "it is a labour for the follower of God and of truth." BÜNEMANN.

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(14) ‹lemma: Speravit› · printed under col 1076

Speravit. Ms. Reg. rec. spectabit. At editi expectabit.

Speravit ("he hoped"). The more recent Royal manuscript, spectabit. But the editions, expectabit ("he will expect").

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(15) ‹lemma: Non pejerabit› · printed under col 1076

Non pejerabit. Ita mss. Taurin. Regio Put. At Bon. hic pejerabit; Reg. rec., hinc jurabit; 6 edit., hinc vitabit. Deut. V, Matth. I, Tim. I.

Non pejerabit ("he will not swear falsely"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the Bologna, hic pejerabit; the more recent Royal, hinc jurabit; 6 editions, hinc vitabit ("hence he will avoid"). Deuteronomy 5, Matthew 1 [so printed], 1 Timothy 1.

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(16) ‹lemma: Sed ne jurabit quidem› · printed under col 1076

Sed ne jurabit quidem, etc. Temere et in vanum, concedo: verum in re necessaria jurabit, ut docet B. Paul Heb., VI, 16, juramenta vera, necessaria, de re magni momenti, et a magistratu postulata, ut omni controversiæ finis imponatur, omnino sunt licita, ut patet ex multis Scripturæ locis, et sanctorum, qui jurarunt, exemplis, ut probari posset fuse, si instituti nostri hoc nunc esset: vide Act. II, 30, ibi dicitur quod Deus ipse Davidi juraverit; Apocalyp., X, 6, angelus jurat per viventem in sæcula sæculorum. Etiam B. Paulus, ep. II, ad Cor., c. I, 23; Matth., V; Jac., V.

Sed ne jurabit quidem ("but he will not even swear"), etc. Rashly and in vain, I grant; but in a necessary matter he will swear, as Blessed Paul teaches, Hebrews 6:16. True and necessary oaths, about a matter of great moment and demanded by a magistrate so that an end may be put to every dispute, are entirely lawful, as is clear from many places of Scripture and from the examples of the saints who swore — as could be proved at length, if that were our present purpose. See Acts 2:30, where it is said that God himself swore to David; Revelation 10:6, the angel swears by "him who lives for ever and ever." Also Blessed Paul, 2 Corinthians 1:23; Matthew 5; James 5.

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(17) ‹lemma: Spoponderit› · printed under col 1076

Spoponderit. At in Taurin. ms. sponderit, mendose.

Spoponderit ("he has promised"). But in the Turin manuscript, sponderit, wrongly.

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(18) ‹lemma: Se suoque› · printed under col 1076

Se suoque. Mss., Bonon. Reg. rec. et ed. de suo, pro se suoque, quod est in Taurin. et Regio-Put.

Se suoque ("himself and of his own"). The Bologna and more recent Royal manuscripts and the editions have de suo ("from his own") for se suoque, which is in the Turin and Royal-Puteanus.

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(19) ‹lemma: In usuram pecuniam› · printed under col 1076

In usuram pecuniam. Sic ms. Reg-Put. In Taurin. est in usu; ms. Reg. rec. et edit. in usura. Vide supra, l. I, c. 15, et l. VI, c. 18; ps. XIV, Ezech., XVIII.

In usuram pecuniam ("money at interest"). So the Royal-Puteanus manuscript. In the Turin it is in usu; the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, in usura. See above, book 1, chapter 15, and book 6, chapter 18; Psalm 14; Ezekiel 18.

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(20) ‹lemma: De alienis› · printed under col 1076

De alienis. Deest in ms. Taurin.

De alienis ("from others' goods"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(21) ‹lemma: Captare› · printed under col 1076

Captare. Sic mss. et edit. præter Taurin. in quo est capere. Deut., XV; Matth., V; Luc., VI.

Captare ("to grasp at"). So the manuscripts and editions except the Turin, in which there is capere ("to take"). Deuteronomy 15; Matthew 5; Luke 6.

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(22) ‹lemma: Si quem› · printed under col 1076

Si quem. Ita ms. Regio-Put. At in Taurin. ms., si qui si quem; ed. siquidem.

Si quem ("if anyone"). So the Royal-Puteanus manuscript. But in the Turin manuscript, si qui si quem; the editions, siquidem.

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(23) ‹lemma: Sit› · printed under col 1076

Sit. Ita ms. Reg. rec., at ed. erit pro sit, quod est in mss. Taurin., Regio-Put. et Bonon.

Sit ("may be"). So the more recent Royal manuscript; but the editions have erit for sit, which is in the Turin, Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts.

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(24) ‹lemma: Aget› · printed under col 1076

Aget. At mss. Reg-Put. et Bon., agat. Vide præced et seqq. Eccl., VII et XXXIII; Ephes., VI.

Aget ("he will act"). But the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts, agat. See what precedes and follows. Ecclesiasticus 7 and 33; Ephesians 6.

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(25) ‹lemma: Volet› · printed under col 1076

Volet. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed., vellet. Mss. Taurin. et Regio Put., volet.

Volet ("he will wish"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, vellet. The Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts, volet.

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(26) ‹lemma: Accipiet› · printed under col 1076

Accipiet. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed., recipiet. Mss. Regio-Put. et Bon., accipiat.

Accipiet ("he will receive"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, recipiet. The Royal-Puteanus and Bologna manuscripts, accipiat.

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(27) ‹lemma: Vindicatur› · printed under col 1076

Vindicatur. Ita Taur. et Regio Put. mss. At ed. jubetur. Bon. et ed. Is., vindicetur; Reg. rec., videretur; ac corrupte, ut patet.

Vindicatur ("is punished"). So the Turin and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the editions, jubetur ("is commanded"). The Bologna and Isaeus's edition, vindicetur; the more recent Royal, videretur, and corruptly, as is plain.

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(28) ‹lemma: Sed hac› · printed under col 1076

Sed hac. Ita ex Bon. et 3 editis restitui: ed. habent, sed nec, pro sed hac. Vide infra, sed hoc præcepto.

Sed hac ("but by this"). So I have restored from the Bologna and 3 editions: the editions have sed nec for sed hac. See below, sed hoc praecepto ("but by this precept").

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 550)

(1) ‹lemma: Inferre› · printed under col 1077

Inferre. Restitui ex Taurin., Bon., Regio-Put. et Bodl. mss. et 4 editis, mortis inferre. In cæteris deest mortis. — Periculum inferre. In ms. Taur. est, periculum mortis inferre; habet quoque Bonon. et secuti sunt Isæus, Gall., Spark., Cell.; labitur Heumannus scribens, mortis omissum in mss. Taurinensi. BUN.

Inferre ("to bring upon"). I have restored from the Turin, Bologna, Royal-Puteanus and Bodleian manuscripts and 4 editions, mortis inferre ("to bring [the danger] of death upon"). In the others mortis is missing. — Periculum inferre ("to bring danger upon"). In the Turin manuscript it is periculum mortis inferre; the Bologna also has it, and Isaeus, Gallaeus, Sparke and Cellarius followed; Heumann slips in writing that mortis is omitted in the Turin manuscript. BÜNEMANN.

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(2) ‹lemma: Prohibemur› · printed under col 1077

Prohibemur. Mss. Regio-Put., Taurin., Bon. At ed., prohibetur.

Prohibemur ("we are forbidden"). The Royal-Puteanus, Turin and Bologna manuscripts. But the editions, prohibetur ("it is forbidden").

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(3) ‹lemma: Nam si falsum testimonium...› · printed under col 1077

Nam si falsum testimonium mendacio nocet ei, contra quem dicitur, et fallit eum apud quem dicitur. Ita restitui ex mss. Bon. et duobus Regiis. Paulo aliter legitur in editis, scilicet, si mendacium nocet ei contra quem dicitur, etc. in ms. autem Taur. desunt hæc, et fallit eum, apud quem dicitur.

Nam si falsum testimonium mendacio nocet ei, contra quem dicitur, et fallit eum apud quem dicitur ("for if false testimony by its lie harms him against whom it is spoken, and deceives him before whom it is spoken"). So I have restored from the Bologna manuscript and the two Royal ones. It is read a little differently in the editions, namely "if a lie harms him against whom it is spoken," etc.; and in the Turin manuscript these words are missing: "and deceives him before whom it is spoken."

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(4) ‹lemma: Nunquam igitur mentiendum est› · printed under col 1077

Nunquam igitur mentiendum est. Non esse mentiendum omnes asseruere, ubi damnosum est, vel otiosum mendacium. Ubi vero est officiosum, Origenes secutus Platonem in III de Republica, cujus verba Clemens Alexandrinus refert lib. VI Stromat., putavit licere mentiri, et deinde Chrysost. in fine l. I de Sacerdot.; Cassianus, l. XVII Collation., c. 17 et seqq.; Hieronym. in comment. Ep. ad Galat. Catholica veritas est, quam hoc loco docet Lactantius, et S. Augustinus in libro de Mendacio. Textus in cap. super eo. tit. de usur. Magister, et omnes theologi in 3, Dist. 38, videlicet numquam esse mentiendum, et ad auctoritates Patrum contra opinantium respondent doctores ubi supra. Is. — Vide supra not. ad caput 18, lib. VI Div. Institut. Exod., XX; Deuter. V.

Nunquam igitur mentiendum est ("one must therefore never lie"). All have maintained that one must not lie where the lie is harmful or idle. But where it is a helpful lie, Origen, following Plato in book 3 of the Republic (whose words Clement of Alexandria reports in book 6 of the Stromata), thought it lawful to lie, and after him Chrysostom at the end of book 1 On the Priesthood; Cassian, book 17 of the Conferences, chapter 17 and following; Jerome in his commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians. The Catholic truth is what Lactantius teaches in this place, and Saint Augustine in the book On Lying; the text in the chapter Super eo, title On usury; the Master [of the Sentences] and all the theologians on book 3, distinction 38: namely, that one must never lie; and the doctors in the places cited reply to the authorities of the Fathers who held the opposite. ISAEUS. — See above, the note on chapter 18 of book 6 of the Divine Institutes. Exodus 20; Deuteronomy 5.

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(5) ‹lemma: Non est ergo vir justus› · printed under col 1077

Non est ergo vir justus, etc. Sic mss. nisi quod in Bonon. non est proxime ante etiam. Edd., non est vir justus, qui non sine noxa vitioso sermone mentitur. Eccl., VII; Ps. V; I Timot., III.

Non est ergo vir justus ("therefore he is not a just man"), etc. So the manuscripts, except that in the Bologna non comes immediately before etiam. The editions: "he is not a just man who lies, not without harm, with vicious speech." Ecclesiasticus 7; Psalm 5; 1 Timothy 3.

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(6) ‹lemma: Huic› · printed under col 1077

Huic. Ita mss. veterrimi. At ms. Reg. rec. et edd. hinc.

Huic ("to this"). So the oldest manuscripts. But the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, hinc ("hence").

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(7) ‹lemma: Custodiet› · printed under col 1077

Custodiet. Sic antiquissimi mss. Sed Reg. rec. et edd., custodiat.

Custodiet ("he will guard"). So the oldest manuscripts. But the more recent Royal and the editions, custodiat.

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(8) ‹lemma: Insuavis› · printed under col 1077

Insuavis. Ita et lib. V, c. 1, ac de Ira Dei, c. 20.

Insuavis ("unpleasant"). So also book 5, chapter 1, and On the Anger of God, chapter 20.

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(9) ‹lemma: Instructas ad inferendam› · printed under cols 1077–1078

Instructas ad inferendam. Sic ms. Reg. rec.; at Taurin. ms., ad ferendum; et ms. Regio-Put., structas ad inferendum.

Instructas ad inferendam ("equipped for inflicting"). So the more recent Royal manuscript; but the Turin manuscript, ad ferendum; and the Royal-Puteanus manuscript, structas ad inferendum.

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(10) ‹lemma: Affectum› · printed under col 1078

Affectum, usque ad dedit. Desunt in ms. Taurin.

Affectum ("affection"), as far as dedit. Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(11) ‹lemma: Ficti› · printed under col 1078

Ficti. Ms. Reg. et ed., facti. — Ficti. Sæpe hæ voces in Lactantio confusæ, et sæpe id monui; vide, ex. gr., l. II Institut., c. 10, in not. Hic ficti cum Davisio et Heumanno præfero, quia repetita ex l. VI Institut., c. 10, quem (hominem) Deus finxit; et infra, a Deo fictus est; Epit., c. 67: in fingendo homine. BUN.

Ficti ("fashioned"). The Royal manuscript and the editions, facti ("made"). — Ficti. These words are often confused in Lactantius, and I have often pointed it out; see, for example, book 2 of the Institutes, chapter 10, in the notes. Here I prefer ficti with Davies and Heumann, because it is repeated from book 6 of the Institutes, chapter 10, "whom (man) God fashioned"; and below, "he was fashioned by God"; Epitome, chapter 67: "in fashioning man." BÜNEMANN.

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(12) ‹lemma: Semper. Ergo› · printed under col 1078

Semper. Ergo. Rectius foret legere semper ergo, sine ulla separatione; punctumque adhibere ante semper.

Semper. Ergo ("always. Therefore"). It would be more correct to read semper ergo ("therefore always") without any separation, and to put the full stop before semper.

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(13) ‹lemma: Accipiendis› · printed under col 1078

Accipiendis. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed. recipiendisque.

Accipiendis ("for receiving"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, recipiendisque.

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(14) ‹lemma: Multis› · printed under col 1078

Multis. Ms. Reg. rec. et ed. in multis.

Multis ("in many"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, in multis.

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(15) ‹lemma: Nostra› · printed under col 1078

Nostra. Non extat in ms. Taurinensi.

Nostra ("our"). It does not appear in the Turin manuscript.

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(16) ‹lemma: Spera› · printed under col 1078

Spera. Ed. speres tibi accidere quod alteri accidit.

Spera ("hope"). The editions, speres tibi accidere quod alteri accidit ("you may expect to happen to you what has happened to another").

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(17) ‹lemma: Opem tuam› · printed under col 1078

Opem tuam. Sic mss. Bonon. et Regio-Put. At ed., opem tunc. 1 Reg. rec., opem tamen. Taurin., operam.

Opem tuam ("your help"). So the Bologna and Royal-Puteanus manuscripts. But the editions, opem tunc; the more recent Royal 1, opem tamen; the Turin, operam.

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(18) ‹lemma: Impertiamur› · printed under col 1078

Impertiamur. Ita Reg. Put. et Bon. ac. 7 edit. At Taurin. ms. impertiamus. Hanc ultimam lectionem bonam putat esse Heumannus, quia Lactantius alibi legit impertit. — Impertiamur. Legitur vero impertiamus apud Bunemannum, qui notam sequentem exhibet. — Impertiamus. Merito hæc terminatio ex Taurin. a Davisio ob elegans homæoteleuton præfertur; impertiamus, vestiamus, eruamus: in editis solus Gymnicus ita dedit, postea Davisius, Heumannus. BUN.

Impertiamur ("let us bestow"). So the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna and 7 editions. But the Turin manuscript, impertiamus. Heumann thinks this last reading good, because Lactantius elsewhere reads impertit. — Impertiamur. In Bünemann, however, impertiamus is read, and he gives the following note. — Impertiamus. This ending from the Turin is rightly preferred by Davies for the sake of an elegant homoeoteleuton: impertiamus, vestiamus, eruamus; among the editions only Gymnicus gave it so, afterwards Davies and Heumann. BÜNEMANN.

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(19) ‹lemma: Si... vestiamus› · printed under col 1078

Si... vestiamus. In 7 ed. non extat, nec in mss. Taur. et Reg. rec. — Si quis nudus.... vestiamus. Hæc ex Bonon. Jam Thomas., Isæus, Gall., Spark., Cellarius addiderant recte: Sed pro occurret, editi ex Bonon., occurrerit; Davis. mallet in præsenti, occurrit, ut indiget.... sustinet. BUNEMAN.

Si... vestiamus ("if... let us clothe"). It does not appear in 7 editions, nor in the Turin and more recent Royal manuscripts. — Si quis nudus.... vestiamus ("if anyone is naked... let us clothe him"). Thomasius, Isaeus, Gallaeus, Sparke and Cellarius had already rightly added this from the Bologna. But for occurret the editions from the Bologna have occurrerit; Davies would prefer the present, occurrit, like indiget.... sustinet. BÜNEMANN.

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(20) ‹lemma: Si quis a› · printed under col 1078

Si quis a. Non extat in ms. Taurin. Eccl. IV, Job. XXXI, Jac. I.

Si quis a ("if anyone by"). It does not appear in the Turin manuscript. Ecclesiasticus 4, Job 31, James 1.

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(21) ‹lemma: Magnum› · printed under col 1078

Magnum, etc. Multi editi, magnanimi opus est, item ægros pauperes visitare atque fovere. Omnes mss. et editi sex, ut in textu. Taur. addit item post ægros. Eccles. VII, Matth. XXV, I Thess. V.

Magnum ("great"), etc. Many editions: "it is the work of a great-souled man, likewise to visit and comfort the sick poor." All the manuscripts and six editions, as in the text. The Turin adds item after aegros. Ecclesiasticus 7, Matthew 25, 1 Thessalonians 5.

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(22) ‹lemma: Aut advenas› · printed under col 1078

Aut advenas. Ita vet. mss. At pro advenas, editi habent pauperes. Tob. I.

Aut advenas ("or strangers"). So the old manuscripts. But for advenas the editions have pauperes ("the poor"). Tobit 1.

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed. The last printed line in each column is smeared in the scan; readings there are marked [uncertain]. --> (printed under page 551)

(1) ‹lemma: Obierit› · printed under col 1079

Obierit. Extat perfecerit in editis.

Obierit ("has died"). Perfecerit stands in the editions.

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(2) ‹lemma: Litabilior› · printed under col 1079

Litabilior. In mss. 2 Reg. est, letabilior; et ita correxit in mss. Taur. antiquissima manus. Cæteri mss. et omnes editi, litabilior. Sic litabilis victima, supra lib. I Div. Institut., cap. 21, circa medium.

Litabilior ("more acceptable as an offering"). In the 2 Royal manuscripts it is letabilior; and a very old hand so corrected it in the Turin manuscript. The other manuscripts and all the editions, litabilior. So litabilis victima ("an acceptable victim"), above, book 1 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 21, about the middle.

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(3) ‹lemma: Pecudis› · printed under col 1079

Pecudis. At ms. Reg. rec. et ed., pecudum. Veteres mss. pecudis.

Pecudis ("of a beast"). But the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, pecudum ("of beasts"). The old manuscripts, pecudis.

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(4) ‹lemma: Sua et ipsum› · printed under col 1079

Sua et ipsum, etc. Editi cum ms. Taurin. suam et ipsum lege sua conditione; Regio-Put. et Bonon. cum ed. Is. ut in textu.

Sua et ipsum ("his own and himself"), etc. The editions with the Turin manuscript, suam et ipsum lege sua conditione; the Royal-Puteanus and Bologna with Isaeus's edition, as in the text.

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(5) ‹lemma: Ejus› · printed under col 1079

Ejus. Ita mss. veterrimi Taur., Regio-Put. At Reg. rec. et editi, ei.

Ejus ("his"). So the oldest manuscripts, Turin and Royal-Puteanus. But the more recent Royal and the editions, ei ("to him").

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(6) ‹lemma: Ubi nec fur› · printed under col 1079

Ubi nec fur. Ita mss. codices. At ed. fur non effodiet. Matth. VI, Luc. XII, I Tim. VI.

Ubi nec fur ("where no thief"). So the manuscript codices. But the editions, fur non effodiet ("the thief will not dig through"). Matthew 6, Luke 12, 1 Timothy 6.

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(7) ‹lemma: Consumat› · printed under col 1079

Consumat. In ed., consumet.

Consumat ("may consume"). In the editions, consumet ("will consume").

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(8) ‹lemma: Eripiat› · printed under col 1079

Eripiat. In ed. legitur eripiet.

Eripiat ("may snatch away"). In the editions one reads eripiet ("will snatch away").

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(9) ‹lemma: Servetur› · printed under col 1079

Servetur. Sic omnes mss. codices: sed editi, servabitur.

Servetur ("may be kept"). So all the manuscript codices; but the editions, servabitur ("will be kept").

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(10) ‹lemma: Religione› · printed under col 1079

Religione. Ita mss. omnes: at ed., Religionem.

Religione ("by religion"). So all the manuscripts; but the editions, Religionem.

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(11) ‹lemma: Potior› · printed under col 1079

Potior. At ms. Reg. rec. et ed. potentior.

Potior ("preferable"). But the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, potentior ("more powerful").

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(12) ‹lemma: Quam› · printed under col 1079

Quam. Non est in ms. Taurin.

Quam ("than"). It is not in the Turin manuscript.

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(13) ‹lemma: Desciscere› · printed under col 1079

Desciscere. Ms. Reg. rec. et editi discedere. Omnes antiqui desciscere.

Desciscere ("to revolt from"). The more recent Royal manuscript and the editions, discedere ("to depart"). All the old ones, desciscere.

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(14) ‹lemma: Interno› · printed under col 1079

Interno. Æterno. Ita correxit manus antiqua in ms. Taurinensi.

Interno ("inward"). Aeterno ("eternal"): so an old hand corrected it in the Turin manuscript.

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(15) ‹lemma: Dolorem› · printed under col 1079

Dolorem. Sed editi, dolor: at mss. habent dolorem.

Dolorem ("pain"). But the editions, dolor; the manuscripts have dolorem.

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(16) ‹lemma: Superemus› · printed under col 1079

Superemus. Editi superentur; ms. Taurin. superemus, recte; Regio Put. superabit.

Superemus ("let us overcome"). The editions, superentur ("let them be overcome"); the Turin manuscript, superemus, rightly; the Royal-Puteanus, superabit.

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(17) ‹lemma: Aut urendi› · printed under col 1079

Aut urendi. Deest in ms. Taur.

Aut urendi ("or of burning"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(18) ‹lemma: Universa› · printed under col 1079

Universa. Non extat in editis 7 et in ms. Reg. rec.

Universa ("all"). It does not appear in 7 editions and in the more recent Royal manuscript.

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(19) ‹lemma: Crudelitatis› · printed under col 1079

Crudelitatis. Dominationis, pro crudelitatis, habent editi cum ms. Reg. rec.

Crudelitatis ("of cruelty"). The editions with the more recent Royal manuscript have dominationis ("of tyranny") for crudelitatis.

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(20) ‹lemma: Cum sciamus› · printed under col 1079

Cum sciamus. Mss. Regio-Put. Taurin. eum; tres, sciamus. At ed. ut qui, pro cum.

Cum sciamus ("since we know"). The Royal-Puteanus and Turin manuscripts, eum; three, sciamus. But the editions have ut qui for cum.

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(21) ‹lemma: Simus› · printed under cols 1079–1080

Simus. Sequor ms. Taurin. In omnibus editis est sumus. In 2 Reg. Bon. et ed. Is. sumus futuri. Reperitur in 12 ed. functuri, etiamque apud Cicer. prospera functus fortuna, de Cl. 24. [uncertain: the last line of col 1079 is smeared in the scan]

Simus ("we may be"). I follow the Turin manuscript. In all the editions it is sumus ("we are"). In the 2 Royal, the Bologna and Isaeus's edition, sumus futuri ("we are going to be"). In 12 editions functuri is found, and also in Cicero, prospera functus fortuna ("having enjoyed good fortune"), Brutus [de Cl., i.e. De claris oratoribus] 24.

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(22) ‹lemma: Triumphato.... venientes› · printed under col 1080

Triumphato.... venientes. Non extat in ms. Taurin. Hic desinit Reg. Put.

Triumphato.... venientes ("having triumphed... coming"). It does not appear in the Turin manuscript. Here the Royal-Puteanus ends.

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(23) ‹lemma: Aut› · printed under col 1080

Aut. Non extat in editis.

Aut ("or"). It does not appear in the editions.

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(24) ‹lemma: Casti› · printed under col 1080

Casti. Ita mss. Taurin., Bonon., Reg. rec. Sed in edit. carnem castiget.

Casti ("chaste"). So the Turin, Bologna and more recent Royal manuscripts. But in the editions, carnem castiget ("let him chastise the flesh").

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(25) ‹lemma: Cubilis› · printed under col 1080

Cubilis. At Taurin. ms. cubili. Casti... cubilis sacramenta, hoc est, fidem conjugalem.

Cubilis ("of the bed"). But the Turin manuscript, cubili. Casti... cubilis sacramenta ("the sacred bonds of the chaste bed"), that is, conjugal faith.

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(26) ‹lemma: Adulter› · printed under col 1080

Adulter, etc. Sequor ms. Bon. et 6 edit. In pluribus editis est, Adulter enim Deo est proinde atque incestus. Ms. Reg. rec., Adulter enim Deo et per incestus; Taurin., Est enim Deo et incestus.

Adulter ("adulterer"), etc. I follow the Bologna manuscript and 6 editions. In more editions it is: "For in God's sight he is an adulterer, just as much as one who commits incest." The more recent Royal manuscript, Adulter enim Deo et per incestus; the Turin, Est enim Deo et incestus.

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(27) ‹lemma: Ne alium concupiscat› · printed under col 1080

Ne alium concupiscat. Sequor ms. antiquis. Bonon., ed. Is, et Latinium. Mss. Taurin., Reg. rec. et edit. habent ne aliud.

Ne alium concupiscat ("lest she desire another man"). I follow the very old Bologna manuscript, Isaeus's edition, and Latinius. The Turin and more recent Royal manuscripts and the editions have ne aliud ("lest anything else").

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(28) ‹lemma: Quoniam› · printed under col 1080

Quoniam. Ita mss. Taur. in Reg. et ed., quo Deus et viro uxorem; Bonon., edit. Is., Spark., quia Deus. Forte leg., qua, ut in ed. Gymnic. Genes. II, Marc. X.

Quoniam ("since"). So the Turin manuscript; in the Royal and the editions, quo Deus et viro uxorem; the Bologna and the editions of Isaeus and Sparke, quia Deus. Perhaps read qua, as in Gymnicus's edition. Genesis 2, Mark 10.

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(29) ‹lemma: Revictam› · printed under col 1080

Revictam. Sic Taurin.; Bonon. At devictam extat in editis fere omnibus. Ut nunquam est ex ms. Bonon. et ed. Is. Aliis est, et.

Revictam ("convicted"). So the Turin and the Bologna. But devictam stands in almost all the editions. Ut nunquam ("so that never") is from the Bologna manuscript and Isaeus's edition. Others have et.

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(30) ‹lemma: Illud quoque ad consummandam pudicitiam jungitur› · printed under col 1080

Illud quoque ad consummandam pudicitiam jungitur. Davisius corrigit, injungitur. At nullibi injungere in sensu præcipiendi posuit: hinc mallem adjungitur, id est, additur. Ita enim, unde hæc breviata, lib. VI, cap. 23. Ex ms. Bonon.: Adduntur illa: non tantum adulterium esse vitandum, sed etiam cogitationem. BUN.

Illud quoque ad consummandam pudicitiam jungitur ("this too is joined for the perfecting of chastity"). Davies corrects to injungitur ("is enjoined"). But nowhere has [Lactantius] used injungere in the sense of commanding; hence I should prefer adjungitur, that is, "is added." For so it is in the place from which this is abridged, book 6, chapter 23. From the Bologna manuscript: "Those things are added: that not only adultery is to be avoided, but even the thought of it." BÜNEMANN.

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(31) ‹lemma: Absit› · printed under col 1080

Absit. Verum Taurin. ms. obsit.

Absit ("be absent"). But the Turin manuscript, obsit ("be harmful").

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(32) ‹lemma: Quamvis inani cupiditate› · printed under col 1080

Quamvis inani cupiditate. Ita editi; Pfaffius legendum censet, quavis inani cupiditate. Respice ad lib. VI, cap. 23. BUN.

Quamvis inani cupiditate ("by desire, however empty"). So the editions; Pfaff judges one should read quavis inani cupiditate ("by any empty desire"). Look at book 6, chapter 23. BÜNEMANN.

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(33) ‹lemma: Manifestum› · printed under col 1080

Manifestum. Ita Bonon. et 6. ed. At Taurin. ms.: ita justum hominem quod sit secus nec facere; ms. Reg. rec. et 7 ed. Itaque... qui scit ess. [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan; may run on]

Manifestum ("plain"). So the Bologna and 6 editions. But the Turin manuscript: "so that the just man [ought] neither to do what is otherwise"; the more recent Royal manuscript and 7 editions, Itaque... qui scit ess. [uncertain reading of the last line]

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed. The last printed line in each column is smeared in the scan; readings there are marked [uncertain]. --> (printed under page 552)

(1) ‹lemma: Emaculetur› · printed under col 1081

Emaculetur. Ita mss. Taur., Bon., ed. Is.; at ms. Reg. rec. et editi habent, Evacuetur. — Emaculetur. Ed., evacuetur. PFAFFIUS. — Longe aptius hic Taurinensis et Isæus ex Bonon. exhibent emaculetur. Sequitur enim labe. Labem Latini emaculare, eluere, non evacuare dicunt. Contrarium, labe maculari. Epit. cap. 27: Ne qua labe maculati honore angelico mulctarentur; et lib. VI, cap. 23: Etsi corpus nulla sit labe maculatum. BUN.

Emaculetur ("let it be cleansed of stain"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition; but the more recent Royal manuscript and the editions have Evacuetur ("let it be emptied"). — Emaculetur. The editions, evacuetur. PFAFF. — Far more fittingly the Turin here, and Isaeus from the Bologna, give emaculetur. For labe ("stain") follows. Of a stain the Latins say emaculare, eluere, not evacuare. The opposite is labe maculari ("to be spotted with a stain"). Epitome, chapter 27: "lest, spotted by some stain, they should be deprived of angelic honour"; and book 6, chapter 23: "Even if the body is spotted by no stain." BÜNEMANN.

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(2) ‹lemma: Naturæ› · printed under col 1081

Naturæ. Non extat in mss. Taur., Bonon. et 6 editis. Est in cæteris. Reg. VIII, II Paral. VI, Eccle. VII, Prov. XX.

Naturae ("of nature"). It does not appear in the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and 6 editions. It is in the others. Kings 8 [3 Kings], 2 Chronicles 6, Ecclesiastes 7, Proverbs 20.

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(3) ‹lemma: Ac nos› · printed under col 1081

Ac nos. Ita mss. Taurin., Reg., ac ed. Is., Crat. Cæteri editi, aut.

Ac nos ("and we"). So the Turin and Royal manuscripts and the editions of Isaeus and Cratander. The other editions, aut ("or").

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(4) ‹lemma: Perseverantibus› · printed under col 1081

Perseverantibus. Sic Taur., Bonon. In ms. vero Reg. et ed., perseverabimus.

Perseverantibus ("to those persevering"). So the Turin and Bologna. But in the Royal manuscript and the editions, perseverabimus ("we shall persevere").

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(5) ‹lemma: Deo› · printed under col 1081

Deo. Non extat in ed. Deo: sed in ed. Is. et in mss. invenitur, ut et delictis; in ed. est debitis.

Deo ("to God"). Deo does not appear in the editions, but it is found in Isaeus's edition and in the manuscripts, as is delictis ("for offences"); in the editions it is debitis ("for debts").

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(6) ‹lemma: Pro delictis› · printed under col 1081

Pro delictis. Plures edd. etiam Cell., debitis. At elegantius Bonon. et Isæus, assentiente Davisio, pro delictis. Dicit noster peccata, crimina, delicta, vulnera, errores, etc. At debita, quod sciam, nusquam.

Pro delictis ("for offences"). Several editions, Cellarius's too, debitis. But more elegantly the Bologna and Isaeus, with Davies agreeing, pro delictis. Our author says sins, crimes, offences, wounds, errors, etc.; but debita ("debts"), so far as I know, nowhere.

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(7) ‹lemma: Hoc› · printed under col 1081

Hoc. Paris. ed. addit enim, quod non extat in mss. antiq. nec in 6 edit.

Hoc ("this"). The Paris edition adds enim, which does not appear in the old manuscripts nor in 6 editions.

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(8) ‹lemma: Chara› · printed under col 1081

Chara. Tam chara, in editis.

Chara ("dear"). Tam chara ("so dear"), in the editions.

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(9) ‹lemma: Qui cum magis› · printed under col 1081

Qui cum magis. Mutilus hic locus est in editis, ut cum angelis suscipiat peccatorem confitentem, quem in regnis cœlestibus faciat pro humilitate sublimari.

Qui cum magis ("who, since ... rather"). This place is mutilated in the editions: "so that he receives the confessing sinner with the angels, whom in the heavenly kingdoms he causes to be exalted for his humility."

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(10) ‹lemma: Sublimem› · printed under col 1081

Sublimem. Ita mss. Taurin. et Bonon. Editi vero cum Reg. rec., sublimari.

Sublimem ("exalted"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts. But the editions with the more recent Royal, sublimari ("to be exalted").

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(11) ‹lemma: Debeat› · printed under col 1081

Debeat. Ed. debet.

Debeat ("he should"). The editions, debet ("he ought").

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(12) ‹lemma: Hæ› · printed under col 1081

Hæ. Taurin. ms. hæc.

Hae ("these"). The Turin manuscript, haec.

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(13) ‹lemma: Aram› · printed under col 1081

Aram. At Taur. ms. iram. — In aram Dei. Rectissime correxit Pfaffius. Sic lib. VI, cap. 25: Itaque in aram Dei... justitia imponitur, patientia, fides innocentia, castitas, abstinentia. BUN.

Aram ("altar"). But the Turin manuscript, iram ("anger"). — In aram Dei ("upon the altar of God"). Pfaff corrected it most rightly. So book 6, chapter 25: "Therefore upon the altar of God... justice is laid, patience, faith, innocence, chastity, abstinence." BÜNEMANN.

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(14) ‹lemma: Suscipit› · printed under col 1081

Suscipit. Ms. Reg. et plurimi editi, suscipit sibi, quia [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Suscipit ("receives"). The Royal manuscript and very many editions, suscipit sibi, quia ("receives to himself, because") [uncertain reading of the last line]

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(15) ‹lemma: Eique donum› · printed under col 1082

Eique donum. Ita mss. Bonon. et ed. Is., Spark., Taurin. ms., idoneum præmium pro eique donum.

Eique donum ("and a gift to him"). So the Bologna manuscript and the editions of Isaeus and Sparke; the Turin manuscript has idoneum praemium ("a fitting reward") for eique donum.

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(16) ‹lemma: Impartitur› · printed under col 1082

Impartitur. Ita mss. Bonon., Reg. et editi: at Taurin., impertit.

Impartitur ("he bestows"). So the Bologna and Royal manuscripts and the editions; but the Turin, impertit.

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(17) ‹lemma: Arbitrantur› · printed under col 1082

Arbitrantur. Sic mss. Taur. et Bon.; Reg. et ed. putaverunt.

Arbitrantur ("they judge"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts; the Royal and the editions, putaverunt ("they thought").

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(18) ‹lemma: Prospicere› · printed under col 1082

Prospicere. Taurin. ms. recte. Alii perspicere.

Prospicere ("to foresee"). The Turin manuscript, rightly. Others, perspicere ("to see through").

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(19) ‹lemma: Sequentia› · printed under col 1082

Sequentia. Sic mss. Bonon. et Taur. At Reg. et ed., sapientia providere.

Sequentia ("what follows"). So the Bologna and Turin manuscripts. But the Royal and the editions, sapientia providere ("to provide by wisdom").

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(20) ‹lemma: Qui summam non habebant› · printed under col 1082

Qui summam non habebant. Ita correxi ex ed. Is., Spark. et Bon.; ms. Taur. tenebant; Ed. scientiam non habebant. — Peculiaris vox est Lactantio, ut summam appellet brevem quamdam et compendiariam divinorum mysteriorum collectionem atque notitiam: sic lib. VII Div. Institut., cap. 6 et 7. ISÆUS.

Qui summam non habebant ("who did not have the sum"). So I have corrected from the editions of Isaeus and Sparke and the Bologna; the Turin manuscript, tenebant ("held"); the editions, scientiam non habebant ("did not have knowledge"). — It is a word peculiar to Lactantius that he calls summa a brief and compendious gathering and knowledge of the divine mysteries: so book 7 of the Divine Institutes, chapters 6 and 7. ISAEUS.

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(21) ‹lemma: Rerum› · printed under col 1082

Rerum. Reg. habet eorum. Ed. negantes ergo providentiam, utique Deum, qui fons et caput ejus est.

Rerum ("of things"). The Royal has eorum. The editions: "denying therefore providence, and so God, who is its fount and head."

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(22) ‹lemma: Dici non potest› · printed under col 1082

Dici non potest. Ita 5 editi: at 10 alii, quia quidquid est, esse sine aliquo initio non potest.

Dici non potest ("it cannot be said"). So 5 editions; but 10 others: "because whatever exists cannot exist without some beginning."

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(23) ‹lemma: Sine generante› · printed under col 1082

Sine generante. Ita Taur., Bonon. et ed. Is., Spark. At. ed. ratione. Rectius fortasse legeris unius syllabæ additamento, generatione. SPARK.

Sine generante ("without one who begets"). So the Turin and Bologna and the editions of Isaeus and Sparke. But the editions, ratione. You would perhaps read more rightly, with the addition of one syllable, generatione ("generation"). SPARKE.

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(24) ‹lemma: Ex rebus› · printed under col 1082

Ex rebus. Sic Taurin., Bonon., Is., Spark.: ed., exordiis.

Ex rebus ("from things"). So the Turin, Bologna, Isaeus, Sparke; the editions, exordiis ("from beginnings").

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(25) ‹lemma: Habet› · printed under col 1082

Habet. Ed. habeat, rectius.

Habet ("has"). The editions, habeat, more rightly.

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(26) ‹lemma: Factum› · printed under col 1082

Factum. Taurin. ms. generatum. Cæteri, factum. — Nulla providentia generatum. Ms. Taur.: Nulla providentia generatum. Eleganter: et ita vult vox sequens, generari, aut, ut Isæus vult, generatum, iterum. Generare vero est idem ac creare, facere, ut multis Lactantii locis, ad lib. III Institut., cap. 14, docuimus. BUN.

Factum ("made"). The Turin manuscript, generatum ("generated"). The others, factum. — Nulla providentia generatum ("generated by no providence"). The Turin manuscript: Nulla providentia generatum. Elegantly: and the following word generari requires it — or, as Isaeus would have it, generatum again. To generate is the same as to create, to make, as we have shown from many places of Lactantius, on book 3 of the Institutes, chapter 14. BÜNEMANN.

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(27) ‹lemma: Ratione generatum› · printed under col 1082

Ratione generatum. Ita ms. Bon. et ed. Is., Spark. Cæteri, generari.

Ratione generatum ("generated by design"). So the Bologna manuscript and the editions of Isaeus and Sparke. The others, generari.

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(28) ‹lemma: Immortalem› · printed under col 1082

Immortalem. Hæc paulo aliter leguntur in ed. In ms. Reg. deest particula negans.

Immortalem ("immortal"). These words are read a little differently in the editions. In the Royal manuscript the negative particle is missing.

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(29) ‹lemma: Mundum› · printed under col 1082 · (continues)

Mundum. Ita ms. Bon. et 6 vulgati. Cæteri editi, [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Mundum ("the world"). So the Bologna manuscript and 6 common editions. The other editions, [uncertain reading of the last line]

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(1) ‹lemma: Mundum› · printed under col 1083 · (continued)

mundum et hominem esse factum, et animas immortales existimavere. Sed cum ea senserunt, ii tamen divini. Ms. Reg., sed cum ea senserunt, hujusmodi non tamen, etc. Taurin., vera sentirent, hujus tamen.

(continued) "thought that the world and man were made, and that souls are immortal. But although they held these things, they nevertheless [did not grasp] the divine..." The Royal manuscript, sed cum ea senserunt, hujusmodi non tamen, etc. The Turin, vera sentirent, hujus tamen ("they held true things, yet of this...").

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(2) ‹lemma: Sed cum ea senserint› · printed under col 1083

Sed cum ea senserint. Legitur vero apud Buneman. Sed cum vera sentirent. Et hæc addit: Sic optime Taurin., Pfaffius et seqq. BUNEMAN.

Sed cum ea senserint ("but although they held these things"). In Bünemann, however, one reads Sed cum vera sentirent ("but although they held true things"). And he adds this: "So, best, the Turin, Pfaff and those following." BÜNEMANN.

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(3) ‹lemma: Aliquo› · printed under col 1083

Aliquo. Non est in editis.

Aliquo ("some"). It is not in the editions.

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(4) ‹lemma: Tamque› · printed under col 1083

Tamque. At in ms. Taurin, tamquam.

Tamque ("and so"). But in the Turin manuscript, tamquam ("as if").

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(5) ‹lemma: Fecerit› · printed under col 1083

Fecerit. Ita Taur., Bodl., ed. Cellar. Cæteri editi fecit.

Fecerit ("he may have made"). So the Turin, the Bodleian and Cellarius's edition. The other editions, fecit ("he made").

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(6) ‹lemma: Bonus› · printed under col 1083

Bonus. Plato in Timæo post init.

Bonus ("good"). Plato in the Timaeus, after the beginning.

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(7) ‹lemma: Ergo› · printed under col 1083

Ergo. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Ergo ("therefore"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(8) ‹lemma: Theodorus› · printed under col 1083

Theodorus. Vide lib. de Ira Dei, c. 9.

Theodorus. See the book On the Anger of God, chapter 9.

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(9) ‹lemma: Bona› · printed under col 1083

Bona. Taurin. ms. Si mala, ergo et bona, ut aut nihil fecerit Deus, aut si bona tantum. — Continebantur. Bona igitur. Hæc oratio usque ad sect. 29, Stoici aiunt, accipienda est tanquam ab impio Theodoro prolata contra Platonem, quam adducit Lactantius, non approbat. Suam autem sententiam in sequenti capite declarat. BUN.

Bona ("good things"). The Turin manuscript: "If evil things, then good things too; so that either God made nothing, or, if good things only..." — Continebantur. Bona igitur ("they were contained. Good things, therefore"). This speech, as far as section 29, "The Stoics say," is to be taken as put forward by the impious Theodorus against Plato; Lactantius cites it, he does not approve it. He declares his own view in the following chapter. BÜNEMANN.

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(10) ‹lemma: Continebantur› · printed under col 1083

Continebantur. Si mala, ergo et bona, ut aut nihil fecerit Deus, aut si bona. Ita rectius ms. Taur. et Davisius, cujus lectionis vestigia supersunt in corruptis antiquis Ven. Inde Parrhas., Ald., Crat., Gymn., Betul., Tornæs., Thomas., Cel., Pfaffius, Heumann.: Bona igitur et mala, aut nihil fecit Deus. Si bona. Ex Bonon. Isæus. Gall., Spark.: Si mala, ergo et bona, aut nihil fecit Deus, aut si bona tantum BUN.

Continebantur ("they were contained"). "If evil things, then good things too; so that either God made nothing, or, if good things..." So more rightly the Turin manuscript and Davies, traces of whose reading survive in the corrupt old Venice editions. Thence Parrhasius, Aldus, Cratander, Gymnicus, Betuleius, Tornaesius, Thomasius, Cellarius, Pfaff, Heumann: "Good and evil therefore, or God made nothing. If good..." From the Bologna, Isaeus; Gallaeus, Sparke: "If evil things, then good things too, or God made nothing, or, if good things only." BÜNEMANN.

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(11) ‹lemma: Ne æterniora quidem possunt› · printed under col 1083

Ne æterniora quidem possunt. Vel legendum, esse possunt; vel, quod malim, ne æterniora quidem sunt. Davisius. Sed nihil hic addendum, nihil mutandum esse, ostendent exempla a me ad lib. de Mort. Persecut., cap. 16. BUN.

Ne aeterniora quidem possunt ("they cannot even [be] more eternal"). Either read esse possunt ("can be"), or, as I should prefer, ne aeterniora quidem sunt ("they are not even more eternal"). DAVIES. But that nothing is to be added or changed here will be shown by the examples I gave on the book On the Deaths of the Persecutors, chapter 16. BÜNEMANN.

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(12) ‹lemma: Convenientius› · printed under col 1083

Convenientius. Ita Taurin., Bon. et ed. Is. In Reg. et cæt. ed., conveniens.

Convenientius ("more fittingly"). So the Turin, the Bologna and Isaeus's edition. In the Royal and the other editions, conveniens.

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(13) ‹lemma: Secundum sententiam Platonis› · printed under cols 1083–1084

Secundum sententiam Platonis. Ita loquitur noster non quod opinetur hanc revera fuisse Platonis sententiam: sed ut ostendat, quomodo, data Platonis hypothesi, ratiocinari possit Theodorus, cujus h. l. personam gerit Lactantius, etc. DAVISIUS.

Secundum sententiam Platonis ("according to Plato's view"). Our author speaks so, not because he thinks this was really Plato's view, but to show how, granted Plato's hypothesis, Theodorus could reason — whose part Lactantius plays in this place, etc. DAVIES.

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(14) ‹lemma: Idem› · printed under col 1084

Idem. Sed ed. ideo. Minime vero; nam quæ sit philosophi sententia, liquet ex lib. II de Republ ad finem.

Idem ("the same"). But the editions, ideo ("therefore"). Not at all; for what the philosopher's view is, is plain from book 2 of the Republic, towards the end.

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(15) ‹lemma: Esse a Deo› · printed under col 1084

Esse a Deo, etc. Esse mundum, quia mundus bonus est. Quoniam complexus est. Ita editi. — Non ideo factum esse a Deo mundum, quia bonum est mundus. Ita edo ex Taurin. cum Pfaffio et Davisio. His proximi Ven. utraque 1478, 93, 97, Pier., Paris., Parrhas., Ald., Crat., Gymn., Gryph., Tornæs. et Betul.: Non ideo factum esse mundum, quia mundus bonus est At pessime Thomasius, Isæus, Gall., Spark., Cellarius: Apparet, a Deo factum esse mundum, quia mundus bonum est, contra mentem Lactantii, ut observat Davisius, Platonem hic confutantis. BUN.

Esse a Deo ("that ... was by God"), etc. "That the world is, because the world is good. Since he embraced..." So the editions. — "That the world was not made by God for this reason, that the world is a good thing." So I publish from the Turin, with Pfaff and Davies. Closest to these are both Venice editions of 1478, '93, '97, Pierius, the Paris edition, Parrhasius, Aldus, Cratander, Gymnicus, Gryphius, Tornaesius and Betuleius: "That the world was not made for this reason, that the world is good." But worst of all Thomasius, Isaeus, Gallaeus, Sparke, Cellarius: "It is plain that the world was made by God, because the world is a good thing" — against the mind of Lactantius, who, as Davies observes, is here refuting Plato. BÜNEMANN.

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(16) ‹lemma: Omnia enim complexus est, bona et mala› · printed under col 1084

Omnia enim complexus est, bona et mala. Sic Taurin. Sic et ex Bonon. primus edidit Isæus. Impressi vett. habent, quoniam enim complexus est. Cellarius autem, quoniam complexus est bona et mala. BUN.

Omnia enim complexus est, bona et mala ("for he embraced all things, good and evil"). So the Turin. So too Isaeus first published it from the Bologna. The old printed editions have quoniam enim complexus est. Cellarius, however, quoniam complexus est bona et mala. BÜNEMANN.

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(17) ‹lemma: Fecit› · printed under col 1084

Fecit. Taurin. ms. fiet. — Nec fiet propter se quicquam. Ms. Taurin., nec fiet. Vide sequentia, et l. VII Institut., cap. 4: Nihil est, quod sit propter se ipsum factum: sed quicquid omnino fit, ad usum aliquem fieri necesse est, etc. Davisius legit, nec fit. Recte. BUN.

Fecit ("he made"). The Turin manuscript, fiet. — Nec fiet propter se quicquam ("nor will anything be made for its own sake"). The Turin manuscript, nec fiet. See what follows, and book 7 of the Institutes, chapter 4: "There is nothing that is made for its own sake; but whatever is made at all must be made for some use," etc. Davies reads nec fit. Rightly. BÜNEMANN.

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(18) ‹lemma: Enim› · printed under col 1084

Enim. Deest in mss. Taur., Bon. et 5 vulgatis.

Enim ("for"). Missing in the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and 5 common editions.

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(19) ‹lemma: Ad hoc› · printed under col 1084

Ad hoc. Ita ms. Reg. et 6 edit. Ad hoc deest in ms. Taurin.

Ad hoc ("for this"). So the Royal manuscript and 6 editions. Ad hoc is missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(20) ‹lemma: Tantum› · printed under col 1084

Tantum. Sic Taur. et ed. Is. Sed tantum deest in ed. cæteris.

Tantum ("only"). So the Turin and Isaeus's edition. But tantum is missing in the other editions.

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(21) ‹lemma: Item› · printed under col 1084

Item. Autem ed. et ms. Reg.

Item ("likewise"). Autem ("but"), the editions and the Royal manuscript.

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(22) ‹lemma: Esse› · printed under col 1084

Esse. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Esse ("to be"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(23) ‹lemma: Utilitatis› · printed under col 1084

Utilitatis, etc. Hæc paulo aliter expressa sunt in ed.

Utilitatis ("of usefulness"), etc. These words are expressed a little differently in the editions.

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(24) ‹lemma: Quodnam› · printed under col 1084

Quodnam. Ita Bon., Taur., ed. Is. Cæteri ed., quidnam tantum.

Quodnam ("what"). So the Bologna, the Turin and Isaeus's edition. The other editions, quidnam tantum.

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(25) ‹lemma: Temporalis› · printed under col 1084

Temporalis. Ita Taur., Bon., Bodl., ed. Is., Cellar. At Reg. et cæt. ed., temporis.

Temporalis ("temporal"). So the Turin, Bologna and Bodleian and the editions of Isaeus and Cellarius. But the Royal and the other editions, temporis ("of time").

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<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 554)

(1) ‹lemma: Se› · printed under col 1085

Se. Non extat in ms. Taurin.

Se ("itself"). It does not appear in the Turin manuscript.

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(2) ‹lemma: Immerserint› · printed under col 1085

Immerserint. Sic Taurin., Bonon., Reg., ed. Crat., Is. In cæteris ed., immiserint.

Immerserint ("they have plunged"). So the Turin, Bologna and Royal, and the editions of Cratander and Isaeus. In the other editions, immiserint ("they have sent in").

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(3) ‹lemma: Esse› · printed under col 1085

Esse. Ita mss. Taur., Bon., ed. Is. Cæteri editi citra habent pro esse; ms. Reg. circa.

Esse ("to be"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. The other editions have citra ("short of") for esse; the Royal manuscript, circa.

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(4) ‹lemma: Summa› · printed under col 1085

Summa. Ita mss. Bon. et Taurin. ac 3 editi; et sic passim loqui amat Lactantius. Reg. et 12 ed. sententia.

Summa ("the sum"). So the Bologna and Turin manuscripts and 3 editions; and Lactantius likes to speak so throughout. The Royal and 12 editions, sententia ("view").

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(5) ‹lemma: Ne› · printed under col 1085

Ne. Ed. nec.

Ne ("not"). The editions, nec.

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(6) ‹lemma: Rationibus› · printed under col 1085

Rationibus. Ita Taurin., Bonon. In ed., fictionibus; in ms. Reg., factionibus.

Rationibus ("by reasonings"). So the Turin and Bologna. In the editions, fictionibus ("by fictions"); in the Royal manuscript, factionibus ("by factions").

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(7) ‹lemma: Agnoscant, in quo est sapientia: agnoscunt› · printed under col 1085

Agnoscant, in quo est sapientia: agnoscunt. Egregie ita ex Taurin. Pfaffius lacunam explevit; nam in omnibus ante editis verba, in quo est sapientia, agnoscunt, desiderabantur. BUN.

Agnoscant, in quo est sapientia: agnoscunt ("let them acknowledge in whom is wisdom: they acknowledge"). Excellently Pfaff filled the gap thus from the Turin; for in all the earlier editions the words in quo est sapientia, agnoscunt were wanting. BÜNEMANN.

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(8) ‹lemma: In quo....... ut› · printed under col 1085

In quo....... ut. Desunt in ed.

In quo....... ut ("in whom... that"). Missing in the editions.

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(9) ‹lemma: Æternum› · printed under col 1085

Æternum. In Ms. Taurin. æterno.

Aeternum ("eternal"). In the Turin manuscript, aeterno.

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(10) ‹lemma: Sint› · printed under col 1085

Sint. Taurin. ms. sunt.

Sint ("may be"). The Turin manuscript, sunt ("are").

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(11) ‹lemma: Inspiciamus› · printed under col 1085

Inspiciamus. Ms. Reg. et ed., inspiciantur.

Inspiciamus ("let us examine"). The Royal manuscript and the editions, inspiciantur ("let them be examined").

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(12) ‹lemma: Quoque› · printed under col 1085

Quoque. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Quoque ("also"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

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(13) ‹lemma: Ratio subsistat› · printed under col 1085

Ratio subsistat. Vide not. ad l. VII, cap. 3. Recte Pfaffius in notis ad me missis, subsistat, id est constet.

Ratio subsistat ("reason holds good"). See the note on book 7, chapter 3. Rightly Pfaff, in notes sent to me: subsistat, that is, constet ("stands firm").

(printed under page 554)

(14) ‹lemma: Ergo› · printed under col 1085

Ergo. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Ergo ("therefore"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 554)

(15) ‹lemma: Omnia› · printed under col 1085

Omnia. Deest in ed.

Omnia ("all"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 554)

(16) ‹lemma: Hominis› · printed under col 1085

Hominis. In ed. hominum.

Hominis ("of man"). In the editions, hominum ("of men").

(printed under page 554)

(17) ‹lemma: Viderunt› · printed under col 1085

Viderunt. In ed. recte ergo hoc viderunt philosophi.

Viderunt ("they saw"). In the editions, "rightly therefore the philosophers saw this."

(printed under page 554)

(18) ‹lemma: Tanta opera› · printed under col 1085

Tanta opera. Sic mss.; at editi, tantam operam; 1 Reg., totam operam.

Tanta opera ("such great works"). So the manuscripts; but the editions, tantam operam ("such great effort"); Royal 1, totam operam.

(printed under page 554)

(19) ‹lemma: Tantum› · printed under col 1086

Tantum. Ita mss. Taurin., Reg. et omnes fere ed. In ms. Bonon. tantos illi honores.

Tantum ("so much"). So the Turin and Royal manuscripts and almost all the editions. In the Bologna manuscript, tantos illi honores ("such honours to him").

(printed under page 554)

(20) ‹lemma: Tantum dederit potestatis› · printed under col 1086

Tantum dederit potestatis. Editi legunt, tantum illi potestatis tribuerit. Abest illi a mss. Bonon., Reg.

Tantum dederit potestatis ("he has given so much power"). The editions read tantum illi potestatis tribuerit ("he has granted him so much power"). Illi is absent from the Bologna and Royal manuscripts.

(printed under page 554)

(21) ‹lemma: In› · printed under col 1086

In. Deest in ed. et in ms. Reg.

In ("in"). Missing in the editions and in the Royal manuscript.

(printed under page 554)

(22) ‹lemma: Dominetur mundo› · printed under col 1086

Dominetur mundo. Bonon., Taurin., Pfaff. et Davisius, dominetur in mundo, præferunt: at reliqui omnes et Heumannus, dominetur mundo, quod, quia latius patet, prætuli. L. VII Institut., cap 4: Tantumque illi honoris tribuit, ut præficeret universis. BUN.

Dominetur mundo ("he may rule the world"). The Bologna, Turin, Pfaff and Davies prefer dominetur in mundo ("he may rule in the world"); but all the rest and Heumann, dominetur mundo, which I have preferred because it extends more widely. Book 7 of the Institutes, chapter 4: "And he granted him so much honour as to set him over all things." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 554)

(23) ‹lemma: Deum› · printed under col 1086

Deum. In ed. Dominum.

Deum ("God"). In the editions, Dominum ("Lord").

(printed under page 554)

(24) ‹lemma: Et ipsum› · printed under col 1086

Et ipsum. Deest in ed.

Et ipsum ("and himself"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 554)

(25) ‹lemma: Pietatis› · printed under col 1086

Pietatis. Ms. Reg. et ed., potestatis.

Pietatis ("of piety"). The Royal manuscript and the editions, potestatis ("of power").

(printed under page 554)

(26) ‹lemma: Esse› · printed under col 1086

Esse. Ms. Reg. et ed., est.

Esse ("to be"). The Royal manuscript and the editions, est ("is").

(printed under page 554)

(27) ‹lemma: Quod› · printed under col 1086

Quod. At in Taurin. ms., quid.

Quod ("which"). But in the Turin manuscript, quid ("what").

(printed under page 554)

(28) ‹lemma: Incidit› · printed under col 1086

Incidit, etc. Ita mss. Taur., Bon. et ed., Is., Spark. Cæteri ed., incidit in totius rei veritatem.

Incidit ("he happened upon"), etc. So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and the editions of Isaeus and Sparke. The other editions, "he happened upon the truth of the whole matter."

(printed under page 554)

(29) ‹lemma: Casu, non ratione› · printed under col 1086

Casu, non ratione. In ms. Reg. et ed., casu ad eam non ratione pervenerat.

Casu, non ratione ("by chance, not by reason"). In the Royal manuscript and the editions, "he had arrived at it by chance, not by reason."

(printed under page 554)

(30) ‹lemma: Nisi invisibili› · printed under col 1086

Nisi invisibili. Deest in ms. Taurinensi.

Nisi invisibili ("except to the invisible"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 554)

(31) ‹lemma: Plato› · printed under col 1086

Plato. In Phædon. apud Ciceronem I Tuscul. et in Somn. Scip. et ad finem Caton. major.

Plato. In the Phaedo; in Cicero, Tusculans 1, and in the Dream of Scipio, and towards the end of the Cato Maior.

(printed under page 554)

(32) ‹lemma: Qui› · printed under col 1086

Qui. Deest in editis.

Qui ("who"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 554)

(33) ‹lemma: Discendum› · printed under col 1086

Discendum. At in Taurin. ms., dicendum.

Discendum ("for learning"). But in the Turin manuscript, dicendum ("for speaking").

(printed under page 554)

(34) ‹lemma: Et quia› · printed under col 1086

Et quia. In ed., ut qui.

Et quia ("and because"). In the editions, ut qui.

(printed under page 554)

(35) ‹lemma: Terreni ponderis labe concretum› · printed under col 1086 · (continues)

Terreni ponderis labe concretum. Ita quoque Ven. 93, 1497, Pier., Crat., Betul., Paris., Thomas.; sed

Terreni ponderis labe concretum ("compacted with the taint of earthly weight"). So also the Venice editions of '93 and 1497, Pierius, Cratander, Betuleius, the Paris edition, Thomasius; but

(printed under page 554)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed. The last printed line in each column is smeared in the scan; readings there are marked [uncertain]. --> (printed under page 555)

(1) ‹lemma: Terreni ponderis labe concretum› · printed under col 1087 · (continued)

Cellarius cum Ven. utraque 1478, Gallæo, Isæo, Spark., imo et Bonon. Ms.: de terreni ponderis labe. Confer. de Ira, cap. 10.

(continued) Cellarius, with both Venice editions of 1478, Gallaeus, Isaeus, Sparke, and indeed the Bologna manuscript: de terreni ponderis labe ("from the taint of earthly weight"). Compare On the Anger, chapter 10.

(printed under page 555)

(2) ‹lemma: Ac› · printed under col 1087

Ac. An, pro ac, habent ed. ms.; Reg. aut.

Ac ("and"). The editions and the manuscript have an for ac; the Royal, aut.

(printed under page 555)

(3) ‹lemma: Omnibus est communis› · printed under col 1087

Omnibus est communis. Ita Taur., Bonon. At Reg. et ed., omnis communis.

Omnibus est communis ("is common to all"). So the Turin and Bologna. But the Royal and the editions, omnis communis.

(printed under page 555)

(4) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1087

Et. Nec in ed. nec in ms. Taurin extat. — Pro justitia. Restituo et, inquit Heumannus, e codice Taurinensi. At in Taurinensi ET quoque desideratur, addiderat ex ingenio Pfaffius; proscribit Davisius, ob non infrequens asyndeton. BUN.

Et ("and"). It appears neither in the editions nor in the Turin manuscript. — Pro justitia ("for justice"). "I restore et," says Heumann, "from the Turin codex." But in the Turin ET is also wanting; Pfaff had added it by conjecture; Davies banishes it, because of the not infrequent asyndeton. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 555)

(5) ‹lemma: Etiam› · printed under col 1087

Etiam. Ms. Taurin. at ms. Reg. et ed., autem.

Etiam ("even"). The Turin manuscript; but the Royal manuscript and the editions, autem ("but").

(printed under page 555)

(6) ‹lemma: Quia terrena› · printed under col 1087

Quia terrena, etc. In ed., quia terrena prospiciunt, homo. Bonon., terrena prostrata jacent. Sic supra, lib. VII, cap. 9: Quas pronis corporibus abjectas, in terramque prostratas.

Quia terrena ("because earthly things"), etc. In the editions, "because earthly creatures look down, man..." The Bologna, terrena prostrata jacent ("earthly creatures lie prostrate"). So above, book 7, chapter 9: "which, cast down with bodies bent forward and prostrate on the earth."

(printed under page 555)

(7) ‹lemma: Non› · printed under col 1087

Non. In editis, an.

Non ("not"). In the editions, an.

(printed under page 555)

(8) ‹lemma: Immortalem› · printed under col 1087

Immortalem. Recte. Vide præcedentia. Sed mss. Bonon. et Reg. habent immortalitatem.

Immortalem ("immortal"). Rightly. See what precedes. But the Bologna and Royal manuscripts have immortalitatem ("immortality").

(printed under page 555)

(9) ‹lemma: Qui cum Deo› · printed under col 1087

Qui cum Deo, etc. Heuman. ita legit cui cum Deo et vultus et mens communis est. — Qui cum Deo, et vultu et mente communis. Sic omnes libri. Heumannus corrigit: cui cum Deo, et vultus, et mens communis est; quam emendationem melius, quam ex Opif. cap. 8, confirmare potuisset ex lib. VII, cap. 5, quod vultus cum suo parente communis sit. BUN.

Qui cum Deo ("who with God"), etc. Heumann reads thus: "to whom both face and mind are common with God." — Qui cum Deo, et vultu et mente communis ("who shares with God both in face and in mind"). So all the books. Heumann corrects: "to whom both face and mind are common with God"; an emendation he could have confirmed better than from On the Workmanship, chapter 8, from book 7, chapter 5: "that his face is common with his parent." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 555)

(10) ‹lemma: Habet› · printed under col 1087

Habet. Sed Taurin. ms., habeat.

Habet ("has"). But the Turin manuscript, habeat.

(printed under page 555)

(11) ‹lemma: Id› · printed under col 1087

Id. Deest in ms. Taurin.

Id ("that"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 555)

(12) ‹lemma: Videtur› · printed under col 1087

Videtur. At ms. Reg. et ed. videntur. [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Videtur ("it seems"). But the Royal manuscript and the editions, videntur ("they seem"). [uncertain reading of the last line]

(printed under page 555)

(13) ‹lemma: Mortalium› · printed under col 1088

Mortalium. Deest in ms. Taur.

Mortalium ("of mortals"). Missing in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 555)

(14) ‹lemma: A quo› · printed under col 1088

A quo, etc. Ms. Reg. et ed., a quo ei tribuatur.

A quo ("by whom"), etc. The Royal manuscript and the editions, a quo ei tribuatur ("by whom it is granted to him").

(printed under page 555)

(15) ‹lemma: Interitum› · printed under col 1088

Interitum. At in editis est, et interitum.

Interitum ("destruction"). But in the editions it is et interitum.

(printed under page 555)

(16) ‹lemma: Rerum› · printed under col 1088

Rerum. Non est in ms. Taurin.

Rerum ("of things"). It is not in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 555)

(17) ‹lemma: Tempus› · printed under col 1088

Tempus. Ita Taurin., Bon., ed. Is. In ms. Reg. et in ed., tempore.

Tempus ("time"). So the Turin, Bologna and Isaeus's edition. In the Royal manuscript and in the editions, tempore.

(printed under page 555)

(18) ‹lemma: Prædicta› · printed under col 1088

Prædicta. In Taurin. ms., prædicata.

Praedicta ("foretold"). In the Turin manuscript, praedicata ("proclaimed").

(printed under page 555)

(19) ‹lemma: Sint› · printed under col 1088

Sint. Deest in ms.

Sint ("may be"). Missing in the manuscript.

(printed under page 555)

(20) ‹lemma: Conclusione› · printed under col 1088

Conclusione. Sic lego cum veter. Mss. Taur., Bon., At Reg. et ed., consummatione.

Conclusione ("at the close"). So I read with the old manuscripts, Turin and Bologna. But the Royal and the editions, consummatione ("at the consummation").

(printed under page 555)

(21) ‹lemma: Nobis minus› · printed under col 1088

Nobis minus. Taurin. ms., novissimus.

Nobis minus ("less to us"). The Turin manuscript, novissimus ("last").

(printed under page 555)

(22) ‹lemma: Ipsum› · printed under col 1088

Ipsum. Deest in editis.

Ipsum ("itself"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 555)

(23) ‹lemma: Instructior› · printed under col 1088

Instructior. Sic habent mss. Bon., Reg. et ed. At Taurin., instructus.

Instructior ("better instructed"). So the Bologna and Royal manuscripts and the editions have it. But the Turin, instructus.

(printed under page 555)

(24) ‹lemma: Tunc› · printed under col 1088

Tunc. Sed tum, in ed. et ms. Reg. legitur.

Tunc ("then"). But tum is read in the editions and the Royal manuscript.

(printed under page 555)

(25) ‹lemma: Tolletur› · printed under col 1088

Tolletur. Taurin. ms., Tollatur.

Tolletur ("will be taken away"). The Turin manuscript, Tollatur.

(printed under page 555)

(26) ‹lemma: Hæc a prophetis, sed ut vatibus› · printed under col 1088

Hæc a prophetis, sed ut vatibus. At in editis a prophetis et a vatibus. — Hæc autem a prophetis. Caute, quæ sequuntur, sunt legenda. Vaticiniis enim fabulæ et somnia sunt admixta. CELLAR.

Haec a prophetis, sed ut vatibus ("these things [are said] by the prophets, but as by seers"). But in the editions, a prophetis et a vatibus ("by the prophets and by the seers"). — Haec autem a prophetis. What follows is to be read with caution; for fables and dreams are mixed in with the prophecies. CELLARIUS.

(printed under page 555)

(27) ‹lemma: Male› · printed under col 1088

Male. At Taurin. ms. manu. Ex libro VII Divin. Instit. cap. 15, hic reposuimus male; sic enim habet: Nihil quisquam tunc habebit, nisi aut male quæsitum, aut defensum manu.

Male ("wrongly"). But the Turin manuscript, manu ("by hand"). From book 7 of the Divine Institutes, chapter 15, we have restored male here; for it reads thus: "No one will then have anything except what was either wrongly gained or defended by force."

(printed under page 555)

(28) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1088

Et. Deest in editis.

Et ("and"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 555)

(29) ‹lemma: Tractabunt› · printed under col 1088

Tractabunt. Taur. ms., tractabit.

Tractabunt ("they will handle"). The Turin manuscript, tractabit.

(printed under page 555)

(30) ‹lemma: Vastitas› · printed under col 1088

Vastitas. Ita mss Taur., Bonon., ed. Is. At ms. Reg. et cæteri editi, vastatio. [uncertain: last line smeared in the scan]

Vastitas ("devastation"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts and Isaeus's edition. But the Royal manuscript and the other editions, vastatio ("laying waste"). [uncertain reading of the last line]

(printed under page 555)

<!-- VARIORUM NOTAE: lemma notes without call marks; numbered here in print order; "col" gives the column under which the note is printed --> (printed under page 556)

(1) ‹lemma: Vorabunt› · printed under col 1089

Vorabunt. Taur. ms., devorabunt.

Vorabunt ("they will swallow"). The Turin manuscript, devorabunt ("they will devour").

(printed under page 556)

(2) ‹lemma: Alius› · printed under col 1089

Alius. Non est in editis.

Alius ("another"). It is not in the editions.

(printed under page 556)

(3) ‹lemma: Ex eo numero› · printed under col 1089

Ex eo numero. Deest in ed. — Ex eo numero. Non sunt in ms. Bonon., imo nec in Taurin, ut Pfaffii notæ emendatæ nunc docent: unde Davisius et Heumannus corrigendi; adsunt vero in editis, et lib. VII Institut. cap. 16. BUN.

Ex eo numero ("from that number"). Missing in the editions. — Ex eo numero. The words are not in the Bologna manuscript, nor indeed in the Turin, as Pfaff's corrected notes now show: hence Davies and Heumann must be corrected; but they are present in the editions, and in book 7 of the Institutes, chapter 16. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 556)

(4) ‹lemma: Asiam› · printed under col 1089

Asiam. Ms. Taur., aliam, male; ad quid enim referetur aliam?

Asiam ("Asia"). The Turin manuscript, aliam ("another"), badly; for to what would aliam refer?

(printed under page 556)

(5) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1089

Et. Non est in ed.

Et ("and"). It is not in the editions.

(printed under page 556)

(6) ‹lemma: In potestatem suam› · printed under col 1089

In potestatem suam. Ed. in potestate sua.

In potestatem suam ("into his power"). The editions, in potestate sua ("in his power").

(printed under page 556)

(7) ‹lemma: Adscitis› · printed under col 1089

Adscitis. Ms. Reg. ascisis. Ed. abscissis vorabit omnem. Ms. Reg. etiam, vorabit.

Adscitis ("having taken to himself"). The Royal manuscript, ascisis. The editions, abscissis vorabit omnem ("having cut off, he will devour every"). The Royal manuscript too, vorabit.

(printed under page 556)

(8) ‹lemma: Quo nemini libeat vivere› · printed under col 1089

Quo nemini libeat vivere. Desunt hæc in ms. Taurin.

Quo nemini libeat vivere ("so that no one cares to live"). These words are missing in the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 556)

(9) ‹lemma: Ut vivos› · printed under col 1089

Ut vivos. Sic ms. Taurin et Bon. in Reg. et editis legitur ut omnes vivos. Sed vox omnes prorsus est inutilis.

Ut vivos ("so that the living"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts; in the Royal and the editions one reads ut omnes vivos ("so that all the living"). But the word omnes is entirely useless.

(printed under page 556)

(10) ‹lemma: Modo ferro, modo igni› · printed under col 1089

Modo ferro, modo igni. Legitur autem, modo ferro et igni apud Buneman., qui hujus variantis sic rationem reddit. — Modo ferro et igni. Pfaffius et Davisius, modo ferro, modo igni. At quia noster aliique ea non solent disjungere, et hic omnes priores editi, etiam Thomas. et Isæus exhibent, modo ferro et igni, illam copulam et, pro modo, revocavi cum Heumanno. BUN.

Modo ferro, modo igni ("now by sword, now by fire"). But in Bünemann one reads modo ferro et igni, and he gives the reason for this variant thus. — Modo ferro et igni ("now by sword and fire"). Pfaff and Davies, modo ferro, modo igni. But because our author and others do not usually separate these, and here all the earlier editions, Thomasius and Isaeus too, give modo ferro et igni, I have brought back that conjunction et in place of modo, with Heumann. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 556)

(11) ‹lemma: Frigoribus› · printed under col 1089

Frigoribus. In ed., rigoribus.

Frigoribus ("by frosts"). In the editions, rigoribus ("by stiff cold").

(printed under page 556)

(12) ‹lemma: Amaritudine› · printed under col 1089

Amaritudine. At in ms. Taurin., Amaritudinem.

Amaritudine ("with bitterness"). But in the Turin manuscript, Amaritudinem.

(printed under page 556)

(13) ‹lemma: Potum› · printed under col 1089

Potum. Taurin. ms., potu.

Potum ("drink"). The Turin manuscript, potu.

(printed under page 556)

(14) ‹lemma: Accedent etiam› · printed under col 1089

Accedent etiam, etc. Sed in Reg. et ed., accident prodigia hominibus ad timorem.

Accedent etiam ("there will be added also"), etc. But in the Royal and the editions, "portents will befall men to terrify them."

(printed under page 556)

(15) ‹lemma: Perpetuo squalore fuscabitur› · printed under col 1089

Perpetuo squalore fuscabitur. At Buneman. habet, pallore fuscabitur, et notam sequentem exhibet. — Pro minus nota notiorem vocem subdiderant priores editi omnes: perpetuo squalore fuscabitur. Commode Davisius affert ex Plinii lib. II Hist. nat. c. 80: Fiunt prodigiosi et longiores solis defectus.... totius pene anni pallore continuo. BUN.

Perpetuo squalore fuscabitur ("will be darkened with perpetual murk"). But Bünemann has pallore fuscabitur ("will be darkened with pallor"), and gives the following note. — For a less known word all the earlier editions had substituted a better known one: perpetuo squalore fuscabitur. Davies aptly cites from Pliny, Natural History book 2, chapter 80: "There occur portentous and longer eclipses of the sun... with a continuous pallor for almost a whole year." BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 556)

(16) ‹lemma: Luna› · printed under col 1089

Luna, etc. At ita ed., lunam color sanguinis obumbrabit.

Luna ("the moon"), etc. But the editions thus: "the colour of blood will overshadow the moon."

(printed under page 556)

(17) ‹lemma: Reparabit› · printed under col 1089

Reparabit. At Taurin. ms., reparavit.

Reparabit ("will repair"). But the Turin manuscript, reparavit.

(printed under page 556)

(18) ‹lemma: Confusis› · printed under col 1089

Confusis. In mss., confusi.

Confusis ("confused"). In the manuscripts, confusi.

(printed under page 556)

(19) ‹lemma: Venerit› · printed under cols 1089–1090

Venerit. Sic mss. Bon., Reg. et ed.; at Taurin. ms. habet evenerint. — Buneman. quoque ex illo ms. et ex Davisio evenerint posuit. Unde illam notam exhibet. — Editi ante male, venerit; non enim ad mundi senectutem, sed mala verbum pertinet: unde optime Davisius observavit, hæc referre verba Hermenetis, producta a Lactantio lib. VII, cap. 18: ἐπὰν δὴ ταῦτα γένηται, etc.

Venerit ("has come"). So the Bologna and Royal manuscripts and the editions; but the Turin manuscript has evenerint ("have happened"). — Bünemann too set evenerint, from that manuscript and from Davies. Hence he gives that note. — The editions before had, badly, venerit; for the verb belongs not to the old age of the world but to the evils: hence Davies observed very well that these words render the words of the Hermetic [speaker], brought forward by Lactantius in book 7, chapter 18: "when these things come to pass," etc.

(printed under page 556)

(20) ‹lemma: Quo› · printed under col 1090

Quo. In Taurin. ms., quod.

Quo ("by which"). In the Turin manuscript, quod.

(printed under page 556)

(21) ‹lemma: Prioris› · printed under col 1090

Prioris. In Taurin. ms., priorib.

Prioris ("of the former"). In the Turin manuscript, priorib.

(printed under page 556)

(22) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1090

Et. Addidi ex Bonon. et Reg.

Et ("and"). I have added it from the Bologna and Royal.

(printed under page 556)

(23) ‹lemma: Erunt lacrymæ› · printed under col 1090

Erunt lacrymæ. Editi habent, nonnisi etiam lacrymæ; Bon. et Taur., erunt.

Erunt lacrymae ("there will be tears"). The editions have nonnisi etiam lacrymae ("nothing but tears too"); the Bologna and Turin, erunt.

(printed under page 556)

(24) ‹lemma: Ad Deum› · printed under col 1090

Ad Deum. Ita Taurin. et Bonon. At Reg. et ed., ad eum.

Ad Deum ("to God"). So the Turin and Bologna. But the Royal and the editions, ad eum ("to him").

(printed under page 556)

(25) ‹lemma: Formidine› · printed under col 1090

Formidine, etc. Sed ms. Reg. et edit., ad formidinem, aut somnus ad quietem. In Bonon. et Reg. est ad quietem; in Taur., requiem.

Formidine ("by dread"), etc. But the Royal manuscript and the editions, "for dread, or sleep for rest." In the Bologna and Royal it is ad quietem; in the Turin, requiem.

(printed under page 556)

(26) ‹lemma: Metum› · printed under col 1090

Metum. Taurin. ms. tecum, sed in aliis mss. et in edit. est metus aut metum.

Metum ("fear"). The Turin manuscript, tecum ("with you"), but in other manuscripts and in the editions it is metus or metum.

(printed under page 556)

(27) ‹lemma: Certe ad raritatem› · printed under col 1090

Certe ad raritatem. Deest in edit. Sed sumpsimus ex ms. Taurin.

Certe ad raritatem ("surely to scarcity"). Missing in the editions. But we have taken it from the Turin manuscript.

(printed under page 556)

(28) ‹lemma: Et› · printed under col 1090

Et. Deest in edit.

Et ("and"). Missing in the editions.

(printed under page 556)

(29) ‹lemma: Dicatos› · printed under col 1090

Dicatos. Sic. mss. Taur., Bonon. Sed deditos est in ed.

Dicatos ("dedicated"). So the Turin and Bologna manuscripts. But deditos ("devoted") is in the editions.

(printed under page 556)

(30) ‹lemma: Christum› · printed under col 1090

Christum. Ed. Deum pro Christum habent: post Christum addunt editi quum sit Antichristus.

Christum ("Christ"). The editions have Deum ("God") for Christum; after Christum the editions add quum sit Antichristus ("though he is Antichrist").

(printed under page 556)

(31) ‹lemma: Ut credi ea possint› · printed under col 1090

Ut credi ea possint. Buneman habet, ut credi ei possit.

Ut credi ea possint ("that they may be believed"). Bünemann has ut credi ei possit ("that he may be believed").

(printed under page 556)

(32) ‹lemma: A cœlo› · printed under col 1090

A cœlo. In ed. de cœlo.

A coelo ("from heaven"). In the editions, de coelo.

(printed under page 556)

(33) ‹lemma: Desistat› · printed under col 1090

Desistat. In ms. Taurin. et utraque Ven. 1478, 93, 97, Paris. 1513, resistat, id est consistat. subsistat. Sæpe ita Cicero, Terentius, Seneca, alii. Ex Parrhasio desistat, omnes editiones, etiam Pfaffii invasit: at Davisius et Heumannus, resistat. Recte. BUN.

Desistat ("may cease"). In the Turin manuscript and both Venice editions of 1478, '93, '97, and Paris 1513, resistat, that is, "may stand still, may halt." So Cicero, Terence, Seneca and others often. From Parrhasius desistat invaded all the editions, Pfaff's too; but Davies and Heumann, resistat. Rightly. BÜNEMANN.

(printed under page 556)

(34) ‹lemma: Suo› · printed under col 1090

Suo. Non extat in editis.

Suo ("his"). It does not appear in the editions.

(printed under page 556)

(35) ‹lemma: Illiciet› · printed under col 1090

Illiciet. In ed., alliciet. Verbo illicere passim utitur Lactantius.

Illiciet ("he will entice"). In the editions, alliciet ("he will attract"). Lactantius uses the verb illicere everywhere.

(printed under page 556)