Migne Reading Room
PL 7 · cols. 181–190
Henricus Dodwellus, Chronologia persecutionum, item Stephanus Baluzius, Chronologia Diocletianea, mixtae
Editors' preface
HENRICI DODWELLI
HENRY DODWELL'S
CHRONOLOGIA PERSECUTIONUM,
CHRONOLOGY OF THE PERSECUTIONS,
ITEM
AND
STEPHANI BALUZII
STEPHEN BALUZE'S
CHRONOLOGIA DIOCLETIANEA,
DIOCLETIANIC CHRONOLOGY,
PROUT RATIO TEMPORUM EXEGIT, INTERMIXTAE. ADDITI SUNT INSUPER CUJUSQUE ANNI CONSULES, ALIIQUE RERUM EVENTUS.
INTERMIXED AS THE RECKONING OF THE TIMES REQUIRED. THERE ARE ADDED BESIDES THE CONSULS OF EACH YEAR, AND OTHER EVENTS.
AN. LXIV.
Year 64.
Anno Domini secundum Aeram Vulgarem, LXIV.
In the year of the Lord according to the Common Era, 64.
Coss. C. Lecanius Bassus. M. Licinius Crassus. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Lecanius Bassus, M. Licinius Crassus. Pagi.
Persecutio Neronis in christianos; ipsisque imputat incendium ab ipso Romae excitatum ex Tacito. DODWELL. — 19 junii SS. Gervasius et Protasius Mediolani martyrio coronati.
Persecution of Nero against the Christians; and he imputes to them the fire raised at Rome by himself, from Tacitus. DODWELL. — On 19 June Saints Gervasius and Protasius were crowned with martyrdom at Milan.
LXVI.
66.
Coss. C. Suetonius Paulinus L. Pontius Telesinus.
Consuls: C. Suetonius Paulinus, L. Pontius Telesinus.
SS. Petrus et Paulus morti addicti 29 junii: ille per crucem, hic per gladium. LENGLET.
Saints Peter and Paul were consigned to death on 29 June: the former by the cross, the latter by the sword. LENGLET.
XCV.
95.
Coss. Domitianus Aug. XVII. T. Flavius Clemens. Pagi.
Consuls: Domitian Augustus for the seventeenth time, T. Flavius Clemens. Pagi.
Persecutio Domitiani post. septembr. 13 incoepit, ex Brutio. DODWELL. — Qua in persecutione morti addictus est a Domitiano T. Flavius Clemens consul ob religionem.
The persecution of Domitian began after 13 September, from Bruttius. DODWELL. — In which persecution T. Flavius Clemens the consul was consigned to death by Domitian on account of religion.
XCVI.
96.
Coss. C. Fulvius Valens. C. Antistius Vetus. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Fulvius Valens, C. Antistius Vetus. Pagi.
Revocavit christianos ab exilio Domitianus paulo ante septemb. 18. Necdum enim redierant exules ante novum edictum Nervae. DODW.
Domitian recalled the Christians from exile a little before 18 September. For the exiles had not yet returned before the new edict of Nerva. DODW.
XCVII.
97.
Coss. M. Cocceius Nerva III. T. Virginius Rufus.
Consuls: M. Cocceius Nerva for the third time, T. Virginius Rufus.
Nerva imperator statuas omnes Domitiani sustulit. Accusatos christianismi absolvit; vetuitque quemquam eo nomine accusari. LENGLET.
The emperor Nerva removed all the statues of Domitian. He acquitted those accused of Christianity, and forbade anyone to be accused on that ground. LENGLET.
CVII.
107.
Coss. C. Sosius Senecius IV. L. Licinius Sura III. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Sosius Senecio for the fourth time, L. Licinius Sura for the third time. Pagi.
Persecutio sub Trajano, qua passus est Ignatius, ex actis ejus. S. Simeon episcopus Hierosol. martyrio afficitur. Pax reddita hoc ipso anno. Plinii
Persecution under Trajan, in which Ignatius suffered, from his Acts. St Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, is visited with martyrdom. Peace was restored in this very year. Of Pliny
Editors' notes and page, col. 181
Page
- running head: 181 DODW. CHRONOL. PERSECUT. — BALUZ. C[...] (cut off at image edge)
- marginal letters: A ‹bum jam levem atque perpetuum›; B ‹AN. LXIV.›; C ‹XCVI.›
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: column begins with the fragment "bum" (rest of a word broken from the previous column, presumably morbum) and ends with "Plinii" mid-sentence; "numerat" is blurred in the print (reads like nuuerat), set as numerat; full-width title lines not set, standing between the Dodwell text and the chronology: HENRICI DOD[WELLI] / CHRONOLOGIA PERSECU[TIONUM] / ITEM / STEPHANI BALU[ZII] / CHRONOLOGIA DIOCL[ETIANI] / PROUT RATIO TEMPORUM EXEGIT, INTERMIXTAE. ADDIT[...] CONSULES, ALIIQUE RERUM EV[...]; editors' matter set: end of Dodwell's discussion (bum jam levem...) and the Baluze/Dodwell chronology (AN. LXIV. Anno Domini secundum Aeram...); each Coss. pair, printed as two bracketed lines, set as one paragraph
- other: a full-width band stands across cols 181/182 in mid-page: the 1 paragraph(s) above it in col 182 are set here, after the 1 above it in col 181 (reading order, moved on receipt); the band itself (its title lines) is not set by the volunteer page: set it here, at the move, with full_width
- other: the column opens with the end of the previous work (another unit); not set here: the unit begins at AN. LXIV.
et Arii Antonini persecutiones hoc ipso etiam fortasse anno. DODWELL.
and the persecutions of Arrius Antoninus, perhaps also in this very year. DODWELL.
CVIII.
108.
Coss. Ap. Annius Trebonianus Gallus. M. Atilius Metilius Bradua. Pagi.
Consuls: Ap. Annius Trebonianus Gallus. M. Atilius Metilius Bradua. Pagi.
Post Ignatii mortem, quae decembri mense die xx, anni superioris contigerat, cum nuntium de morte in Asia accepisset, necdum tamen gesta Ignatii haberet explorata, epistolam scripsit ad Philippenses Polycarpus. DODW. — Evaristus papa martyrio coronatur.
After the death of Ignatius, which had taken place on the 20th day of the month of December of the previous year, Polycarp, having received in Asia the news of his death, but not yet having the acts of Ignatius ascertained, wrote his letter to the Philippians. DODW. — Pope Evaristus is crowned with martyrdom.
CIX.
109.
Coss. A. Cornelius Palma. C. Calvisius Tullus.
Consuls: A. Cornelius Palma. C. Calvisius Tullus.
Onesimus, S. Pauli discipulus, Ephesiorum episcopus, in carcerem conjicitur, et Romae lapidibus obruitur. LENGLET.
Onesimus, disciple of St Paul, bishop of the Ephesians, is thrown into prison, and at Rome is overwhelmed with stones. LENGLET.
CXVI.
116.
Coss. Aemilianus. L. Antistius Verus. Pagi.
Consuls: Aemilianus. L. Antistius Verus. Pagi.
Passus Simeon Cleophae, et extincta est familia Davidis. DODWELL.
Simeon son of Cleophas suffered, and the family of David was extinguished. DODWELL.
CLIII.
153.
Coss. C. Bruttius Praesens. A. Junius Rufinus. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Bruttius Praesens. A. Junius Rufinus. Pagi.
Edictum Antonini Pii pro christianis, si forte fuerit Pii. DODWELL.
The edict of Antoninus Pius on behalf of the Christians, if perhaps it was Pius's. DODWELL.
CLXI.
161.
Coss. M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar. III. L. Aelius Commodus II. Pagi.
Consuls: M. Aelius Aurelius Verus Caesar, for the third time. L. Aelius Commodus, for the second time. Pagi.
Idem edictum, si Marco potius sit, quam Pio tribuendum. DODWELL.
The same edict, if it is to be ascribed to Marcus rather than to Pius. DODWELL.
CLXVII.
167.
Coss. L. Aurelius Verus Aug. III. Quadratus. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Aurelius Verus Augustus, for the third time. Quadratus. Pagi.
Persecutio Gallorum Lugdunensium Viennensiumque sub Marco. DODWELL.
The persecution of the Gauls of Lyons and Vienne under Marcus. DODWELL.
Editors' notes and page, col. 182
Page
- running head: … — BALUZ. CHRONOL. DIOCLET. 182
- marginal letters: A pori erat sane saluberrimus; B et Arii Antonini persecutiones; C L. Antistius Verus; D (none)
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: column begins with the fragment "pori" (cor-pori broken from col. 181). Editors' matter set: end of Baluze's Diocletianic chronology (‹pori erat sane saluberrimus›) and Dodwell's chronology of persecutions (‹et Arii Antonini persecutiones›, which begins mid-sentence after the full-width title). Full-width title across both columns not set: DODWELLI … PERSECUTIONUM, ITEM …NI BALUZII … DIOCLETIANEA, … MIXTAE. ADDITI SUNT INSUPER CUJUSQUE ANNI …UE RERUM EVENTUS, with its ornament rule, standing between the Baluze text and the Dodwell list. UNSURE: "Ripae strigae" is printed so and perhaps stands for Istricae (Lactantius has ripae Istricae). "flecteretur" and "Commodus" are read through damaged type. Each "Coss." pair, printed as a two-line bracket, is set as one line.
- other: the 1 paragraph(s) of this column above the full-width band are set under col 181 (reading order, moved on receipt)
CLXVIII.
168.
Coss. L. Vettius Paulus. T. Junius Montanus. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Vettius Paulus, T. Junius Montanus. Pagi.
Athenagorae legatio pro Christianis post reditum Lucii. DODWELL.
Athenagoras's embassy on behalf of the Christians after the return of Lucius. Dodwell.
CLXX.
170.
Coss. M. Cornelius Cethegus. C. Erucius Clarus. Pagi.
Consuls: M. Cornelius Cethegus, C. Erucius Clarus. Pagi.
Melitonis Sardensis et Apollinaris Hierapolitani apologiae. DODWELL.
The apologies of Melito of Sardis and of Apollinaris of Hierapolis. Dodwell.
CCII.
202.
Coss. L. Septimius Severus Aug. III. Aurelius Antoninus Garacalla Aug. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Septimius Severus Augustus, for the third time; Aurelius Antoninus Caracalla Augustus. Pagi.
Post VIII Id. April. ante Solstitium incoepit persecutio Severi. Annus XVII aetatis Origenis. DODWELL.
After 6 April, before the solstice, the persecution of Severus began. The 17th year of Origen's age. Dodwell.
CCIII.
203.
Coss. L. Fulvius Plautianus. P. Septimius Geta. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Fulvius Plautianus, P. Septimius Geta. Pagi.
Annus XVIII Origenis, hujus persecutionis secundus. DODWELL.
The 18th year of Origen, the second of this persecution. Dodwell.
CCIV.
204.
Coss. L. Fabius Cilo II. M. Annius Libo. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Fabius Cilo, for the second time; M. Annius Libo. Pagi.
Anno seculari ineunte, desiit haec Severi persecutio. DODWELL.
At the beginning of the secular year, this persecution of Severus ceased. Dodwell.
CCXXXV.
235.
Coss. Severus. Quinctianus. Pagi.
Consuls: Severus, Quinctianus. Pagi.
Sub finem anni persecutio Maximini. Persecutio in Asia. DODWELL.
Towards the end of the year, the persecution of Maximinus. Persecution in Asia. Dodwell.
CCXXXVI.
236.
Coss. C. Julius Verus Maximinus Aug. Julius Africanus. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Julius Verus Maximinus Augustus, Julius Africanus. Pagi.
Initio anni finis persecutionis. Defecerunt in Africa Gordiani mense Maio, in Italia Senatus. DODWELL.
At the beginning of the year, the end of the persecution. The Gordians revolted in Africa in the month of May, the Senate in Italy. Dodwell.
CCXXXVII.
237.
Coss. L. Ovinius Cornelianus. P. Titius Perpetuus. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Ovinius Cornelianus, P. Titius Perpetuus. Pagi.
Mense Junio occisi in Africa Gordiani. Mense Julio Augustum imperium susceperunt Maximus et Balbinus; Caesareum Gordianus tertius. DODWELL.
In the month of June the Gordians were killed in Africa. In the month of July Maximus and Balbinus took up the imperial power as Augusti; Gordian the Third that of Caesar. Dodwell.
CCXXXVIII.
238.
Coss. Pius. Pontianus. Pagi.
Consuls: Pius, Pontianus. Pagi.
Ludis Capitolinis, ante Jun. 22 occisi Maximus et Balbinus. Augustum imperium suscepit Gordianus. DODWELL.
At the Capitoline Games, before 22 June, Maximus and Balbinus were killed. Gordian took up the imperial power as Augustus. Dodwell.
CCXLVIII.
248.
Coss. M. Julius Philippus Aug. III. M. Julius Philippus Aug. II. Pagi.
Consuls: M. Julius Philippus Augustus, for the third time; M. Julius Philippus Augustus, for the second time. Pagi.
Persecutio Alexandrina in fine anni. DODWELL.
The Alexandrian persecution at the end of the year. Dodwell.
CCXLIX.
249.
Coss. Fulvius Aemilianus II. Vectius Aquilinus. Pagi.
Consuls: Fulvius Aemilianus, for the second time; Vectius Aquilinus. Pagi.
Sub finem anni incoepit cum imperio Decii persecutio. In Africa saltem hujusque incruenta. DODWELL.
Towards the end of the year the persecution began with the reign of Decius. In Africa at least, bloodless up to this point. Dodwell.
CCL.
250.
Coss. Cn. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Aug. II. Annius Gratus. Pagi.
Consuls: Cn. Messius Quintus Trajanus Decius Augustus, for the second time; Annius Gratus. Pagi.
Initio Aprilis ad caedes progressa est persecutio in Africa, confestim facta remissior. Persecutionis Alexandrinae anni secundi maxima pars in hunc annum incidit. DODWELL.
At the beginning of April the persecution in Africa advanced to slaughter, but at once became milder. The greatest part of the second year of the Alexandrian persecution fell in this year. Dodwell.
CCLI.
251.
Coss. Cn. Trajanus Decius Aug. III. Q. Herennius Etruscus Decius Caesar. Pagi.
Consuls: Cn. Trajanus Decius Augustus, for the third time; Q. Herennius Etruscus Decius Caesar. Pagi.
Tertius annus persecutionis Alexandrinae. Remissa persecutio tam Alexandriae, quam etiam in Africa. DODWELL.
The third year of the Alexandrian persecution. The persecution relaxed both at Alexandria and also in Africa. Dodwell.
CCLII.
252.
Coss. C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Aug. II. C. Vibius Volusianus Caesar. Pagi.
Consuls: C. Vibius Trebonianus Gallus Augustus, for the second time; C. Vibius Volusianus Caesar. Pagi.
Lues sub Gallo, ejusdemque persecutio brevissima. DODWELL.
Plague under Gallus, and his very brief persecution. Dodwell.
CCLVII.
257.
Coss. P. Licinius Valerianus Aug. IV. P. Licinius Gallienus Aug. III. Pagi.
Consuls: P. Licinius Valerianus Augustus, for the fourth time; P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus, for the third time. Pagi.
Editors' notes and page, col. 183
Page
- running head: 183 DODW. CHRONOL. PERSECUT. — BALU (cut off at image edge)
- marginal letters: A ‹CLXVIII.›; B ‹CCIV.›; C ‹binus; Caesareum Gordianus tertius›; D ‹Initio Aprilis ad caedes progressa est›
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: editors' matter: Dodwell's chronology of the persecutions with Pagi's consular years (CLXVIII. Coss. L. Vettius Paulus...), set in full; column is all editors' prose. "Garacalla" UNSURE, initial letter may be a damaged C. Overlapping lines CCXXXV and CCXLIX set once. No full-width line seen. Right-hand column (184) cut off, not set.
Sub initium Augusti persecutio Valeriani, sed sine martyriis. Dodwell.
At the beginning of August, the persecution of Valerian, but without martyrdoms. Dodwell.
CCLVIII.
258.
Coss. M. Aurelius Memmius Tuscus. Bassus. Pagi.
Consuls: M. Aurelius Memmius Tuscus. Bassus. Pagi.
Sub initium Augusti edictum Valeriani de poena capitis. Dodwell.
At the beginning of August, the edict of Valerian on the penalty of death. Dodwell.
CCLXI.
261.
C⟨o⟩ss. Gallienus Aug. IV. Petronius Volusianus. Pagi.
Consuls: Gallienus Augustus for the fourth time. Petronius Volusianus. Pagi.
Purpuram arripuit in Aegypto Aemilianus. Revocata in reliquo imperio Valeriani persecutio a Gallieno Dodwell.
Aemilianus seized the purple in Egypt. The persecution of Valerian was revoked by Gallienus in the rest of the empire. Dodwell.
CCLXII.
262.
Coss. P. Licinius Gallienus Aug. V. Faustinus. Pagi.
Consuls: P. Licinius Gallienus Augustus for the fifth time. Faustinus. Pagi.
Revocata a Gallieno eadem persecutio in Aegypto, capto jam Aemiliano. Dodwell.
The same persecution was revoked by Gallienus in Egypt, Aemilianus having now been captured. Dodwell.
CCLXXV.
275.
Coss. L. Domitius Aurelianus Aug. IV. T. Avonius Marcellinus. Pagi.
Consuls: L. Domitius Aurelianus Augustus for the fourth time. T. Avonius Marcellinus. Pagi.
Sub initium anni, sub finem Aureliani, emissa ab eo persecutionis edicta. Dodwell.
At the beginning of the year, at the end of Aurelian's [reign], edicts of persecution were issued by him. Dodwell.
CCLXXXIV.
284.
Coss. Imp. M. Aurelius Carinus II. Imp. M. Aur. Numerianus II. Spark.
Consuls: the Emperor M. Aurelius Carinus for the second time. The Emperor M. Aurelius Numerianus for the second time. Spark.
Suffecti secundum Lidyati computum.
Suffect consuls, according to the reckoning of Lidyat.
Kal. Maiis vel Octob. Val Diocletianus. Annius Bassus.
On the Kalends of May or of October: Val. Diocletian. Annius Bassus.
Kal. sept.: vel novemb.: M. Aur. Val. Maximianus. M. Junius Maximus. Idem.
On the Kalends of September or of November: M. Aurelius Valerius Maximianus. M. Junius Maximus. The same.
Diocletianus levatur Imperator die XVII septembris. Hoc anno incipit aera Diocletianea, vel aera martyrum, die XXIX mensis Augusti, quo incipit annus Aegyptiorum, qui etiam nunc ea utuntur aera. Lenglet.
Diocletian is raised up as Emperor on the 17th day of September. In this year begins the Diocletianic era, or era of the martyrs, on the 29th day of the month of August, on which the year of the Egyptians begins, who even now use that era. Lenglet.
CCLXXXV.
285.
Coss. Valerius Diocletianus II. Aristobolus. Spark.
Consuls: Valerius Diocletian for the second time. Aristobolus. Spark.
Maximianus Herculius a Diocletiano creatur Caesar.
Maximianus Herculius is created Caesar by Diocletian.
CCLXXXVI.
286.
Coss. M. Junius Maximus II. Vettius Aquilinus.
Consuls: M. Junius Maximus for the second time. Vettius Aquilinus.
Kalendis Aprilis Augustus creatur Maximianus Herculius, ac proinde in consortium Imperii appellatur a Diocletiano. Maximianus Thebaeam legionem martyrio donat. Lenglet.
On the Kalends of April Maximianus Herculius is created Augustus, and accordingly is called by Diocletian into partnership in the Empire. Maximianus presents the Theban legion with martyrdom. Lenglet.
CCXCII.
292.
Coss. Annibalianus. Asclepiodotus.
Consuls: Annibalianus. Asclepiodotus.
Kalendis Martiis Diocletianus et Maximianus adoptant Constantium cognomento Chlorum et Galerium, Maximianum cognomento Armentarium, eosque nuncupant Caesares. Constantius repudiat Helenam, ex qua Constantinum, cui postea Magno cognomen haesit, susceperat, et Theodoram Herculii privignam ducit. Galerius, repudiata quoque conjuge, Valeriam Diocletiani et Priscae Augustae filiam accepit uxorem. Baluzius.
On the Kalends of March Diocletian and Maximian adopt Constantius, surnamed Chlorus, and Galerius Maximianus, surnamed Armentarius, and name them Caesars. Constantius repudiates Helena, from whom he had begotten Constantine, to whom the surname Great afterwards clung, and marries Theodora, the stepdaughter of Herculius. Galerius, having likewise repudiated his wife, took as his wife Valeria, the daughter of Diocletian and of Prisca Augusta. Baluze.
CCXCIII.
293.
Coss. Imp. Val. Diocletianus V. Maximianus Herculius IV.
Consuls: the Emperor Valerius Diocletian for the fifth time. Maximianus Herculius for the fourth time.
Constantius Chlorus ex Batavia et Belgio Francos pellit, quos mittit ad Suessiones et ad Rhemos. Lenglet.
Constantius Chlorus drives the Franks out of Batavia and Belgium, and sends them to the Suessiones and to the Remi. Lenglet.
CCXCVII.
297.
Coss. Maximianus Herculius V. Galerius Maximianus Caesar II. Spark.
Consuls: Maximianus Herculius for the fifth time. Galerius Maximianus Caesar for the second time. Spark.
Narseus Rex Persarum vincit ac fugat in Mesopotamia Galerium, ac postea in Armenia.
Narses, King of the Persians, defeats and routs Galerius in Mesopotamia, and afterwards in Armenia.
Nisibim venit Diocletianus. Narseus victus fugatusque est a Galerio, et conjux filiaeque ejus captae, cum maxima pudicitiae custodia reservatae sunt ad augendam triumphi pompam. Capta magna praeda cum ingentibus manubiis. Baluzius.
Diocletian comes to Nisibis. Narses was defeated and routed by Galerius, and his wife and daughters, taken captive, were kept with the greatest guarding of their chastity to swell the pomp of the triumph. Great booty was taken, with enormous spoils. Baluze.
Editors' notes and page, col. 184
Page
- running head: [PERS]ECUT. — BALUZ. CHRONOL. DIOCLET. 184 (left part of head cut off at image edge)
- marginal letters: A ‹Sub initium Augusti persecutio Valeriani›; B ‹T. Avonius Marcellinus›; C ‹Coss. Valerius Diocletianus II.›; D ‹Valeriam Diocletiani et Priscae›
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: whole column is editors' matter: Baluze's chronology of the persecutions (editors' matter: ‹Sub initium Augusti persecutio Valeriani›), set in full; consul pairs printed on two lines under a single "Coss." are set as one line each; "Coss." under CCLXI has damaged o; "Val Diocletianus" printed without the point after Val; no point printed before DODWELL after "a Gallieno"; "Lidyati" (for Lydiat) left as printed, UNSURE whether a misprint; "Constantius" under CCXCIII has a broken n that looks like r, set as Constantius, UNSURE; "Galerium, Maximianum" comma set as printed; the line-end fragments at the left belong to column 183 and are not set; the Google watermark is not printed matter
CCCI.
301.
Coss. Postumius Titianus II. Fl. Popilius Nepotianus. Spark.
Consuls: Postumius Titianus for the second time; Fl. Popilius Nepotianus. Spark.
Prima Diocletiani persecutio in mili⟨t⟩es. Dodwell.
The first persecution of Diocletian, against the soldiers. Dodwell.
Constantius vincit Germanos in Lingonibus, quo processerant.
Constantius defeats the Germans among the Lingones, whither they had advanced.
CCCII.
302.
Coss. Fl. Val. Constantius Caesar IV. Galerius Max. Arment. IV.
Consuls: Fl. Val. Constantius Caesar for the fourth time; Galerius Max. Armentarius for the fourth time.
Diocletianus e Nicomedia, ubi tum regia sedes erat, in Orientem profectus, illic substitit usque ad hyemem. Tum vero Nicomediam redux, ibi cum Galerio consultavit de bello christianis inferendo. Baluzius.
Diocletian, having set out from Nicomedia, where the royal seat then was, into the East, stayed there until winter. Then, having returned to Nicomedia, he deliberated there with Galerius about making war on the Christians. Baluze.
Victus a Galerio Narseus Persarum rex. Dodwell.
Narses, king of the Persians, defeated by Galerius. Dodwell.
CCCIII.
303.
Coss. Imp. Val. Diocletianus VIII. Maximianus Herculius VII. Spark.
Consuls: the Emperor Val. Diocletian for the eighth time; Maximian Herculius for the seventh time. Spark.
Annus primus persecutionis inchoatus a Feb. 23. Nicomediae. Dodwell.
The first year of the persecution begun from 23 February, at Nicomedia. Dodwell.
Persecutio adversum Christianos hoc anno commota, omnium quae unquam fuerunt atrocissima. Initium factum a civitate Nicomediensi, cujus ecclesia eversa est VII Kalendas Martias, ipso Terminalium die. Postridie propositum est edictum Imperatorum et Caesarum adversus christianos, ut per universum orbem sacrificare cogerentur. Baluzius.
In this year was stirred up the persecution against the Christians, the most savage of all that have ever been. The beginning was made from the city of Nicomedia, whose church was overthrown on the seventh day before the Kalends of March, on the very day of the Terminalia. On the following day the edict of the Emperors and Caesars against the Christians was posted, that throughout the whole world they should be compelled to sacrifice. Baluze.
Diocletianus Romam proficiscitur, illicque vicennalia celebrat et triumphum agit de Persis. Mox facta pace, quae in tempus Divi Constantini reservata duravit, Persae Mesopotamiam cum Transtigritanis quinque regionibus reddiderunt, limite imperiorum super ripam Tigridis constituto. Idem.
Diocletian sets out for Rome, and there celebrates his vicennalia and holds a triumph over the Persians. Soon, peace having been made, which was kept and lasted until the time of the Divine Constantine, the Persians gave back Mesopotamia together with the five Transtigritane regions, the boundary of the empires being fixed on the bank of the Tigris. The same.
Gothi, trajecto Istro, vicinam provinciam invaserunt, et indigenas expulerunt. Idem.
The Goths, having crossed the Danube, invaded the neighbouring province and drove out the natives. The same.
Diocletianus offensus nimia Romanorum dicacitate, statim post peracta vicennalia discedit, et XIII Kalendas Januarias proficiscitur Ravennam. Idem.
Diocletian, offended by the excessive raillery of the Romans, departs immediately after the vicennalia were completed, and on the thirteenth day before the Kalends of January sets out for Ravenna. The same.
CCCIV.
304.
Coss. Imp. ⟨V⟩al. Diocletianus IX. Maximianus Herculius VIII. Spark.
Consuls: the Emperor Val. Diocletian for the ninth time; Maximian Herculius for the eighth time. Spark.
Annus primus persecutionis absolutus; secundus inchoatus, sed primus Eusebio. Dodwell.
The first year of the persecution completed; the second begun, but the first according to Eusebius. Dodwell.
Diocletianus nonum consulatum auspicatur Ravennae. Postea in difficilem morbum incidit, cujus vi de statu mentis suae demotus, demens factus est; ac post aestatem, Nicomediam pervenit. Circum illic dedicavit anno post vicennalia repleto, et Idibus Decembribus, intercepto spiritu, visus est expirasse. Baluzius.
Diocletian enters upon his ninth consulship at Ravenna. Afterwards he fell into a grievous illness, by whose force he was dislodged from the soundness of his mind and became deranged; and after the summer he arrived at Nicomedia. He dedicated a circus there when the year after the vicennalia was completed, and on the Ides of December, his breath being cut off, he seemed to have expired. Baluze.
Eodem tempore, quo Diocletianus nonum consulatum auspicatus est Ravennae, Maximianus Herculius octavum iniit Romae; et annum imperii vicesimum ingressus postea est Kalendis Aprilis. Deinde aestate ejus anni fuit in Campania. Idem.
At the same time as Diocletian entered upon his ninth consulship at Ravenna, Maximian Herculius began his eighth at Rome; and afterwards, on the Kalends of April, he entered the twentieth year of his reign. Then in the summer of that year he was in Campania. The same.
Fine anni Galerius Maximianus Caesar Nicomediam venit ad Diocletianum, ut eum compelleret ad deponendum imperium, quum antea idem persuasisset Herculio. Idem.
At the end of the year Galerius Maximian Caesar came to Diocletian at Nicomedia, to compel him to lay down the empire, since he had earlier persuaded Herculius of the same. The same.
CCCV.
305.
Coss. Constantius Chlorus V. Galer. Maxim. Arment. V. Spark.
Consuls: Constantius Chlorus for the fifth time; Galer. Maxim. Armentarius for the fifth time. Spark.
Annus secundus persecutionis absolutus; tertius inchoatus, sed secundus Eusebio. Purpuram deposuerunt Diocletianus et Maximianus. Nova deinde et saevior persecutio instaurata in Oriente a Galerio et Maximino, omnium deinceps Christianorum, cum antea solorum fuisset Clericorum. Agon quinquennalis Caesareae. Desiit persecutio in Occidente. Dodwell.
The second year of the persecution completed; the third begun, but the second according to Eusebius. Diocletian and Maximian laid down the purple. Then a new and fiercer persecution was set on foot in the East by Galerius and Maximin, henceforth of all Christians, whereas before it had been of the clergy alone. Quinquennial games at Caesarea. The persecution ceased in the West. Dodwell.
Kalendis Martiis Diocletianus apud Nicomediam processit in publicum, ut se vivum esse probaret populo. Baluzius.
On the Kalends of March Diocletian went out in public at Nicomedia, to prove to the people that he was alive. Baluze.
Kalendis Maiis Diocletianus prope Nicomediam, et Maximianus Herculius Mediolani purpuram deponunt, et Constantium Galeriumque Augustos nuncupant,
On the Kalends of May Diocletian near Nicomedia, and Maximian Herculius at Milan, lay down the purple, and proclaim Constantius and Galerius Augusti,
Editors' notes and page, col. 185
Page
- running head: 185 DODW. CHRONOL. PERSECUT. — BALU[...] (cut off at the image edge)
- marginal letters: A CCCI.; B mota, omnium quae unquam; C CCCIV.; D Herculio. Idem.
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: editors' matter set: Dodwell's chronology of the persecutions with Baluze's notes ("CCCI. Coss. Postumius Titianus II."), the whole column; the letters A B C D stand in the gutter between the columns and mark both columns; "mili⟨t⟩es": t damaged, read milites; "Germanos": m appears broken (looks like rn); "Imp. ⟨V⟩al." under CCCIV: V not printed or lost, gap in the type; "hyemem" is the printed old spelling, kept; stray mark after "Istro," ignored; small-capital authorities (Spark., Dodwell., Baluzius., Idem.) set in ordinary case
Diocletianus Galerium, Herculius Constantium. Idem.
Diocletian Galerius, Herculius Constantius. The same.
Eodem die Severus et Maximinus Daza facti sunt Caesares, nominati quidem a Galerio, sed induti, a Maximiano Severus, a Diocletiano Maximinus. Tum Diocletianus in patriam suam, hoc est, Diocleam in Dalmatia revertitur, ubi praeclaro otio consenuit. Herculius in Lucaniam concessit.
On the same day Severus and Maximinus Daza were made Caesars, nominated indeed by Galerius, but invested, Severus by Maximian, Maximinus by Diocletian. Then Diocletian returns to his homeland, that is, to Dioclea in Dalmatia, where he grew old in distinguished leisure. Herculius withdrew to Lucania.
CCCVI.
306.
Coss. Constantius Chlorus VI. Galer. Maxim. Arment. VI. Spark.
Consuls: Constantius Chlorus for the sixth time; Galerius Maximianus Armentarius for the sixth time. Spark.
Annus tertius persecutionis absolutus, quartus inchoatus. Incoepit Caesareae nova illa persecutio Maximini, quae omnes cogebat sacrificare. Dodwell.
The third year of the persecution completed, the fourth begun. There began at Caesarea that new persecution of Maximinus, which compelled all to sacrifice. Dodwell.
Constantius Augustus filium suum Constantinum repetit a Galerio, apud quem velut obses tenebatur. Is ergo in Galliam profectus, ad patrem in extremis agentem pervenit XII Kalendas Augusti. Quatriduo post Constantius extinguitur Eboraci in Britannia: cui successit Constantinus, cum patris suprema voluntate, tum militum consensu, qui ei purpuram injecerunt. Baluzius.
Constantius Augustus asks back his son Constantine from Galerius, by whom he was being held as a hostage, as it were. He therefore, having set out for Gaul, reached his father, who was at the point of death, on the twelfth day before the Kalends of August. Four days later Constantius dies at York in Britain; Constantine succeeded him, both by his father's last will and by the consent of the soldiers, who cast the purple upon him. Baluze.
Imago laureata Constantini defertur ad Galerium. Ille vero purpuram ad eum misit, Caesaremque nuncupavit VIII Kalendas Januarias, quum aut eodem die, aut paulo ante Severum Augustum dixisset. Idem.
The laurelled image of Constantine is brought to Galerius. He, however, sent him the purple and named him Caesar on the eighth day before the Kalends of January, since he had named Severus Augustus either on the same day or a little before. The same.
Edictum emittit Constantinus in gratiam christianorum.
Constantine issues an edict in favour of the Christians.
Interim, quum imagines Constantini Romam allatae essent, Maxentius Herculii filius, patre diu retractante, imperium invadit VI Kalendas Novembris; et patrem, qui tum in Campania erat, ad se vocans, eumque bis Augustum nominans, consortem imperii facit. Idem.
Meanwhile, when images of Constantine had been brought to Rome, Maxentius, the son of Herculius, though his father long held back, seizes the empire on the sixth day before the Kalends of November; and, summoning to himself his father, who was then in Campania, and naming him Augustus for the second time, he makes him partner in the empire. The same.
Maxentius purpuram Augusteam usurpat; Romam ac Italiam sibi subjicit die Octobris XXVIII.
Maxentius usurps the Augustal purple; he subjects Rome and Italy to himself on the 28th day of October.
CCCVII.
307.
Coss. Maximianus Herculius IX. Constantinus Caesar. Spark.
Consuls: Maximianus Herculius for the ninth time; Constantine Caesar. Spark.
Annus quartus persecutionis absolutus, quintus inchoatus. Coeperunt pro caedibus mutilationes. Mors Urbani Praefecti Palestinae persecutoris. Dodwell.
The fourth year of the persecution completed, the fifth begun. Mutilations began in place of killings. Death of Urbanus, Prefect of Palestine, a persecutor. Dodwell.
Galerius Maximianus Severum Augustum, cui Italiae custodia demandata fuerat, exercitum jubet ducere adversus Maxentium. Ille vero statim Romam obsidet, Ravennam fugit, ad Tres tabernas extinguitur, ut videtur, circa mensem Aprilem.
Galerius Maximianus orders Severus Augustus, to whom the guarding of Italy had been entrusted, to lead an army against Maxentius. He, however, at once besieges Rome, flees to Ravenna, [and] dies at Tres Tabernae, as it seems, around the month of April.
Maximianus Herculius bis Augustus in Gallias proficiscitur, ubi Constantinum, qui hactenus Caesaris appellatione contentus fuerat, Augustum nuncupat pridie Kalendas Aprilis, et eidem in matrimonium locat filiam suam Faustam. Baluzius.
Maximianus Herculius, Augustus for the second time, sets out for Gaul, where he names Augustus Constantine, who until then had been content with the title of Caesar, on the day before the Kalends of April, and gives him his daughter Fausta in marriage. Baluze.
Interea Galerius Maximianus immensum exercitum ducit in Italiam, mortem Severi vindicaturus. Romam frustra obsidet, et redit inglorius in Illyricum. Idem.
Meanwhile Galerius Maximianus leads an immense army into Italy, to avenge the death of Severus. He besieges Rome in vain and returns without glory to Illyricum. The same.
Tum vero Herculius e Gallia redux, filium Maxentium denudare conatus in concione, convicia militum tulit; et urbe Italiaque pulsus, rursus ad Constantinum pergit in Gallias. Illic aliquantulum moratus, mox Carnuntum in Pannonia ad Galerium profectus,
Then Herculius, having returned from Gaul and having tried to strip his son Maxentius [of power] in an assembly, endured the abuse of the soldiers; and, driven from the City and from Italy, he goes again to Constantine in Gaul. Having stayed there a little while, soon, having set out to Galerius at Carnuntum in Pannonia,
Editors' notes and page, col. 186
Footnotes
(a) ‹anchor: ad Tres tabernas› · call in col 186
Ad Tres tabernas. Id est, scribente Graece in eadem materia Zosimo, lib. II Hist., εἴς τι χωρίον ἐλθὼν ᾧ Τρία καπηλεῖα προσηγορία. Ad verbum igitur, ubi ad quemdam locum venisset, cui TRES CAUPONAE nomen sunt, vel erant. Est enim unice τὸ καπηλεῖον doctis omnibus, sive veteribus, sive recentioribus, quos potuerim videre, caupona, aut popina. Neque aliter vel hoc loco nuperus nostras Diocletianeae Chronologiae Interpres, meurt aux trois Tavernes; vel Isidorus Pelusiota et Grotius ad Act. XXVIII, 15: ἐξῆλθον εἰς ἀπάντησιν ἡμῖν ἄχρις Ἀππίου φόρου καὶ τριῶν ταβερνῶν. Et solemne tamen Genevensibus versionibus Gallicis tres Lucae tabernas, simpliciter per trois boutiques, non cum Lovaniensibus et aliis, per trois tavernes interpretari: Ils vinrent au-devant de nous au marché d'Appius et aux Trois boutiques.
At Three Taverns. That is, as Zosimus writes in Greek on the same matter, Hist. book II, "having come to a certain place whose name is Three Taverns (Tria kapēleia)." Word for word, then: "when he had come to a certain place which is, or was, named THREE INNS." For τὸ καπηλεῖον means, uniquely, to all the learned, whether ancient or more recent, whom I have been able to consult, an inn or a cookshop. Nor do others render it otherwise, whether our own recent translator of the Diocletianic Chronology at this very place, "dies at the Three Taverns," or Isidore of Pelusium and Grotius on Acts 28:15: "they came out to meet us as far as Appius' Forum and the Three Taverns." And yet the Genevan French versions make it their custom to render Luke's three tabernae simply by "trois boutiques" (three shops), not, with the Louvain translators and others, by "trois tavernes": "Ils vinrent au-devant de nous au marché d'Appius et aux Trois boutiques" (They came out to meet us at Appius' market and at the Three Shops).
(printed under page 92)
Page
- running head: ECUT. — BALUZ. CHRONOL. DIOCLET. 186
- marginal letters: A ‹Diocletianus Galerium, Herculius›; B ‹luntate, tum militum consensu›; C ‹Annus quartus persecutionis absolutus›; D ‹stantinum pergit in Gallias›
- old-edition numerals: (none)
ibi Diocletianum invenit, interfuitque III Idus Novembris nuncupationi Licinii Augusti, quem Galerius Maximianus substituit in locum Severi. Cum vero frustra Diocletianum hortatus esset ad resumendum imperium, ab eo repudiatus rediit in Galliam, ubi iterum deposuit imperium, ac postea illic reliquum vitae suae egit. IDEM.
there he found Diocletian, and was present on 11 November at the proclamation of Licinius as Augustus, whom Galerius Maximianus put in the place of Severus. But when he had urged Diocletian in vain to take up the empire again, he was rebuffed by him and returned to Gaul, where he laid down the empire a second time, and afterwards spent the rest of his life there. The same.
CCCVIII.
308.
Coss. Maximianus Herculius X. Galerius Max. Arment. VII.
Consuls: Maximianus Herculius for the tenth time; Galerius Max. Arment. for the seventh time.
Annus quintus absolutus, sextus inchoatus. Constantinus Augustus declaratur. Firmilianus Palaestinae praeses mutilationibus, potius quam caedibus †, persecutus est. Persecutio remissa a mense Augusto ad Novembrem, rursusque sub hujus anni finem novo Maximini edicto instaurata, ita tamen, ut mense Decembri redierint ad mutilationes persecutores. DODWELL.
The fifth year completed, the sixth begun. Constantine is declared Augustus. Firmilianus, governor of Palestine, persecuted with mutilations rather than with slaughter. The persecution was relaxed from the month of August to November, and towards the end of this year was renewed again by a new edict of Maximinus, yet in such a way that in the month of December the persecutors returned to mutilations. Dodwell.
Maximianus Herculius X et Galerius Maximianus VII consules facti, constituta jam concordia inter eos et Maxentium. BALUZIUS.
Maximianus Herculius for the tenth time and Galerius Maximianus for the seventh time were made consuls, concord having now been established between them and Maxentius. Baluze.
20. Aprilis Maxentius Consul Romae declaratur; cum Romulo Herculius in Gallias fugit, ubi res novas molitur contra Constantinum.
On 20 April Maxentius is declared consul at Rome; with Romulus, Herculius flees into Gaul, where he plots revolution against Constantine.
CCCIX.
309.
Coss. Licinius Aug. vel post Consulatum X Herculii et VII Galerii Maximiani. Maxentius II. Romulus II.
Consuls: Licinius Aug., or after the tenth consulship of Herculius and the seventh of Galerius Maximianus; Maxentius for the second time; Romulus for the second time.
Annus sextus absolutus, septimus inchoatus. Martii 7 passus est Eubulus ultimus Martyrum Caesareensium. Inde neglecta Gentilium rediit Christianis pax. DODWELL.
The sixth year completed, the seventh begun. On 7 March Eubulus, the last of the martyrs of Caesarea, suffered. Thereafter, with the Gentiles' [hostility] neglected, peace returned to the Christians. Dodwell.
CCCX.
310.
Coss. Maxentius III, sine collega. SPARK.
Consul: Maxentius for the third time, without a colleague. Spark.
Secundum Lydiatum.
According to Lydiat.
Coss. Galerius Maxim. Armant. VIII, suffecto Licinio Liciniano Augusto. IDEM.
Consuls: Galerius Maxim. Armant. for the eighth time, with Licinius Licinianus Augustus as suffect. The same.
Annus septimus absolutus, octavus inchoatus. Nova rursus, invidia Gentilium, orta Christianorum persecutio: verum ea brevissima, et unius impetus. DODWELL.
The seventh year completed, the eighth begun. A new persecution of the Christians arose again through the ill will of the Gentiles; but it was very brief, a single onslaught. Dodwell.
Cum Franci turbarent statum Galliarum, et de eis reprimendis Constantinus cogitaret, Herculius semper inquietus, subdolus, et infidus, auctor ei fuit ne omnem exercitum secum duceret, posse barbaros a paucis debellari. Credidit Constantinus et seni et socero. Interim Herculius cupiditate imperii stimulatus, cum putaret Constantinum longius abesse, milites largitionibus et promissis sollicitat ad defectionem, thesauros invadit, et purpuram tertio induit in Belgica; et redeunte Constantino mira celeritate, timens quod meruerat, fugit in secundam Narbonensem, et se civitatis Arelatensis moenibus includit. Dein adventante Constantini exercitu, Massiliam contendit; ubi obsessus a Constantino, captus est, et increpito vita donata. Verum paulo post ejusdem Constantini jussu strangulatus est, cum deprehensus esset in insidiis quas Constantino moliebatur, ut eum perimeret. BALUZIUS.
When the Franks were disturbing the state of the Gauls, and Constantine was considering how to check them, Herculius, ever restless, crafty and faithless, advised him not to take his whole army with him, saying that the barbarians could be subdued by a few. Constantine trusted him, both as an old man and as his father-in-law. Meanwhile Herculius, spurred on by lust for power, thinking that Constantine was far away, solicited the soldiers to defect with largesse and promises, seized the treasuries, and put on the purple for the third time in Belgica; and when Constantine returned with wonderful speed, fearing what he had deserved, he fled into Narbonensis Secunda and shut himself within the walls of the city of Arles. Then, as Constantine's army approached, he made for Marseilles; there, besieged by Constantine, he was captured, and after being rebuked was granted his life. But shortly afterwards he was strangled by order of the same Constantine, when he had been caught in a plot which he was contriving against Constantine in order to kill him. Baluze.
Eodem anno Galerius Maximianus in gravem ac periculosum morbum incidit, quo per annum perpetem afflictatus est; isque morbus eum invasit, cum iniret decimum octavum imperii sui annum. IDEM.
In the same year Galerius Maximianus fell into a grave and dangerous illness, by which he was afflicted for a whole year; and this illness attacked him as he was entering the eighteenth year of his reign. The same.
CCCXI.
311.
Coss. Gal. Maxim. Armient. VIII. Maximinus II.
Consuls: Gal. Maxim. Armient. for the eighth time; Maximinus for the second time.
Annus octavus absolutus, nonus inchoatus. Edictum Galerii pro pace, inter Kal. Mart. et prid. Kal. Maias. Pax illa ne sex quidem mensium integrorum, ita ut sub finem Octobris redierit persecutio, sed et ea unius impetus, sanguinolenta. Legationes primas urbium accepit Nicomediae Maximinus. DODWELL.
The eighth year completed, the ninth begun. The edict of Galerius for peace, between 1 March and 30 April. That peace lasted not even six full months, so that towards the end of October the persecution returned, but this too a single onslaught, a bloody one. Maximinus received the first embassies of the cities at Nicomedia. Dodwell.
Galerius semper aegrotus, admonitus morbum illum evenisse sibi propter mala quae Christianis intulerat, edicto proposito persecutionem quiescere jussit anno postquam coeperat octavo. Tum apertis carceribus,
Galerius, ever sick, having been warned that that illness had befallen him because of the evils he had inflicted on the Christians, by a published edict ordered the persecution to cease in the eighth year after it had begun. Then, the prisons having been opened,
Editors' notes and page, col. 187
Page
- running head: 187 DODW. CHRONOL. PERSECUT. — BALU[cut off at image edge]
- marginal letters: A ibi Diocletianum invenit; B et Maxentium. BALUZIUS.; C Annus septimus absolutus; D Constantino moliebatur
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: editors' matter set: the whole column is Dodwell's and Baluze's chronology of the persecution (begins "ibi Diocletianum invenit", years CCCVIII–CCCXI); "caedibus" uncertain, the type is blurred (could be another word); "neglecta Gentilium" set as printed, sense apparently defective; "III Idus" printed in small capitals; "cum Romulo" printed after the semicolon, so it is translated with "fugit" although the sense may be that Maxentius was consul with Romulus; the right-hand column is cut off and not set; no full-width line.
christiani qui illic detinebantur, abire permissi sunt. Paulo post Galerius moritur Sardicae, mense, ut videtur, Maio, cum prius Licinio Valeriam conjugem filiumque Candidianum commendasset, atque in manibus tradidisset. Sed hi cum comitatum Maximini infeliciter praetulissent, miserandam sortem habuerunt, ut postea dicetur. BALUZIUS.
the Christians who were being held there were allowed to depart. Shortly afterwards Galerius dies at Sardica, in the month, as it seems, of May, having first commended his wife Valeria and his son Candidianus to Licinius and delivered them into his hands. But since these unhappily preferred the company of Maximinus, they met a pitiable fate, as will be told later. Baluze.
Maxentius bellum Constantino indicit, quasi necem patris sui Herculii vindicaturus.
Maxentius declares war on Constantine, as if to avenge the death of his father Herculius.
Bellum inde inter Licinium et Maximinum de imperio certantes. Sed conditionibus certis pax et amicitia componitur in Bosphoro Thracio, ubi constitutus est limes imperii utriusque. IDEM.
Next, war between Licinius and Maximinus, contending for the empire. But on fixed terms peace and friendship are arranged on the Thracian Bosporus, where the boundary of the empire of each was established. The same.
Maximinus postea indulgentiam communi principum consensu christianis datam tollit, subornatis legationibus civitatum, quae peterent, ne illis intra civitates suas conventicula extruere liceret. Hinc acrius in eos saevitum, donec Constantini litteris Maximinus deterreretur. IDEM.
Maximinus afterwards withdraws the indulgence granted to the Christians by the common consent of the emperors, having suborned embassies from the cities to request that they should not be permitted to build meeting-places within their cities. Hence they were persecuted more fiercely, until Maximinus was deterred by a letter from Constantine. The same.
Hoc vel sequenti anno crux in coelo Constantino apparet.
In this or the following year the cross appears in the sky to Constantine.
CCCXII.
312.
Coss. Fl. Val. Constantinus Aug. II. Licinius Aug. II. SPARK.
Consuls: Flavius Valerius Constantinus Augustus for the second time; Licinius Augustus for the second time. Spark.
Annus nonus absolutus, decimus inchoatus. Secundae urbium legationes cum decretis adversus christianos. Maximini ad illas rescripta de pellendis ex illis urbibus christianis, earumque urbium territoriis, post mensem Maium. Persecutio nova inchoata, sed mutilationum duntaxat, et statim minis litterisque Constantini sedata adversus Maxentium moventis. Constantinus Alpes transcendit, atque copias Maxentii vincit fugatque in Taurinis aliisque in locis. Tandem juxta Romam coelitus 27 Octob. crux signum victoriae ipsi ostensa pridie quam pugnam committeret, in qua profligatur Maxentius ipse 28 Octobris, ibique in Tiberi submergitur. Constantinus victor Urbem ingreditur: primi Augusti titulus Constantino a Senatu decretus. Primum Maximini edictum pro pace. DODWELL.
The ninth year completed, the tenth begun. Second embassies from the cities, with decrees against the Christians. Rescripts of Maximinus to them concerning the expulsion of the Christians from those cities and from the territories of those cities, after the month of May. A new persecution begun, but of mutilations only, and at once quieted by the threats and letters of Constantine, who was moving against Maxentius. Constantine crosses the Alps, and defeats and routs the forces of Maxentius among the Taurini and in other places. At last, near Rome, on 27 October, the cross, a sign of victory, was shown to him from heaven on the day before he joined battle, in which Maxentius himself is overthrown on 28 October and is drowned there in the Tiber. Constantine enters the City as victor: the title of first Augustus decreed to Constantine by the Senate. The first edict of Maximinus for peace. Dodwell.
Valeria Galerii vidua in exilium jussu Maximini projecta cum matre Prisca, et in desertas Syriae solitudines relegata, patrem suum Diocletianum per occultos nuntios gnarum calamitatis suae facit. Repetenti vero eam patri Maximinus negavit. BALUZIUS.
Valeria, the widow of Galerius, cast into exile by order of Maximinus together with her mother Prisca, and banished to the deserted wastes of Syria, informs her father Diocletian of her misfortune through secret messengers. But when her father asked for her back, Maximinus refused her. Baluze.
Eodem tempore Maximiani Herculii statuae Constantini jussu revellebantur; et imagines quoque Diocletiani, quia cum Herculio pictus erat, detrahebantur. Hinc dolor Diocletiani qui paulo post fame atque angore confectus interiit III Nonas Decembris. IDEM.
At the same time the statues of Maximian Herculius were being torn down by order of Constantine; and the images of Diocletian too were being taken down, because he had been painted together with Herculius. Hence the grief of Diocletian, who shortly afterwards died, worn out by hunger and anguish, on the third day before the Nones of December. The same.
Maximinus legatos Romam ad Maxentium mittit occulte, et amicitiam cum eo facit. IDEM.
Maximinus secretly sends envoys to Rome to Maxentius, and makes friendship with him. The same.
Initium indictionum aut I aut XXIV die septembris.
The beginning of the indictions on either the 1st or the 24th day of September.
CCCXIII.
313.
Coss. Fl. Val. Constantinus III. Licinius Augustus III. SPARK.
Consuls: Flavius Valerius Constantinus for the third time; Licinius Augustus for the third time. Spark.
Annus decimus absolutus, undecimus inchoatus. Victus a Licinio Maximinus in campo sereno die 30 Aprilis: edictum Constantini et Licinii pro pace Nicomediae propositum Jun. 13, quo tempore decennalem hanc persecutionem terminat Lactantius, num. 48. Secundum deinde Maximini pro christianis edictum. DODWELL.
The tenth year completed, the eleventh begun. Maximinus defeated by Licinius on the Serene Plain on 30 April: the edict of Constantine and Licinius for peace posted at Nicomedia on 13 June, at which time Lactantius ends this ten-year persecution, no. 48. Then the second edict of Maximinus in favour of the Christians. Dodwell.
Rebus in urbe compositis, Constantinus circa XV Kalendas Februarii Roma digressus, Mediolanum contendit, ibique nuptias Constantiae sororis suae cum Licinio celebravit. Ea re peracta, Constantinus in Gallias revertitur, Licinius in Illyricum. BALUZIUS.
Affairs in the City having been settled, Constantine, departing from Rome about the fifteenth day before the Kalends of February, makes his way to Milan, and there celebrated the marriage of his sister Constantia with Licinius. This done, Constantine returns to the Gauls, Licinius to Illyricum. Baluze.
Interim Maximinus exercitum movet e Syria, bellum Licinio illaturus, provincias ejus occupaturus. Occurrit ei Licinius in Thracia. Pugnatur pridie Kalendas Maias in campo quem vocabant Serenum, inter Hadrianopolim videlicet et Heracleam. Victoria penes Licinium fuit. IDEM.
Meanwhile Maximinus moves his army out of Syria, intending to make war on Licinius and to seize his provinces. Licinius meets him in Thrace. Battle is joined on the day before the Kalends of May on the plain which they called Serene, namely between Hadrianople and Heraclea. The victory lay with Licinius. The same.
Diocletianus moritur hoc anno, forte Maio mense.
Diocletian dies in this year, perhaps in the month of May.
Maximinus summa celeritate fugit Nicomediam, hinc in Cappadociam, postremo in Ciliciam, ubi miserando
Maximinus flees with the greatest speed to Nicomedia, thence into Cappadocia, finally into Cilicia, where by a miserable
Editors' notes and page, col. 188
Page
- running head: [...]CUT. — BALUZ. CHRONOL. DIOCLET. 188
- marginal letters: A ‹christiani qui illic detinebantur›; B ‹Hoc vel sequenti anno›; C ‹DODWELL. (line before Valeria Galerii)›; D ‹lis: edictum Constantini et Licinii›
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: whole column is editors' matter (Baluze's chronology of Diocletian's persecution, with Dodwell and Spark): first words ‹christiani qui illic detinebantur›; column begins mid-sentence; last word split at column break: mi- (ubi mi[serrime...]); "die 30 Aprilis" figure poorly printed, could read 50, set 30; "exilium" spelling unsure (exsilium?); "conjugem" in small blurred type; running head cut off at left edge
horrendoque mortis genere extinctus est apud Tarsum. IDEM.
and horrible kind of death he perished at Tarsus. The same.
Fuso fugatoque Maximino, Licinius trajecit exercitum in Bithyniam; et Nicomediam ingressus die Iduum Juniarum proponi jussit edictum de restituenda Ecclesia, verboque etiam hortatus est, ut conventicula in statum pristinum redderentur.
Maximinus having been routed and put to flight, Licinius took his army across into Bithynia; and having entered Nicomedia, on the day of the Ides of June he ordered an edict to be posted on the restoring of the Church, and he also urged by word that the meeting-places be returned to their former state.
Pax Ecclesiae data post bellum decennale. IDEM.
Peace given to the Church after a ten years' war. The same.
Licinius Valerium, Candidianum Galerii Maximini filium, Severi filium Severianum, liberos Maximini occidi jubet. IDEM.
Licinius orders Valerius, Candidianus the son of Galerius Maximinus, Severianus the son of Severus, and the children of Maximinus to be killed. The same.
CCCXIV.
314.
Coss. Volusianus II. Annianus.
Consuls: Volusianus for the second time, Annianus.
Primum Constantini bellum adversus Licinium ad Cibalim in Pannonia victum die 31 octobris. Iterum pugnatur ad Mardiam in Thracia, sed aequo marte.
The first war of Constantine against Licinius won at Cibalis in Pannonia on 31 October. Battle is joined again at Mardia in Thrace, but with even fortune.
Pax Constantinum inter et Licinium.
Peace between Constantine and Licinius.
Valens a Licinio Caesar eligitur, postea mutuo Augustorum consensu expellitur ac dignitate privatur.
Valens is chosen Caesar by Licinius; afterwards, by the mutual consent of the Augusti, he is expelled and deprived of his rank.
CCCXV.
315.
Coss. Constantinus IV. Licinius IV.
Consuls: Constantine for the fourth time, Licinius for the fourth time.
Valeria filia Diocletiani et uxor ejus Prisca Thessalonicae capite truncantur.
Valeria, the daughter of Diocletian, and his wife Prisca are beheaded at Thessalonica.
Hoc anno Lactantius suum de Mortibus Persecutorum librum edidit.
In this year Lactantius published his book On the Deaths of the Persecutors.
CCCXVII.
317.
Coss. Gallicanus. Bassus.
Consuls: Gallicanus, Bassus.
Crispus et Constantinus Constantini Magni filii Caesares creantur, sicut et Licinianus, filius Licinii.
Crispus and Constantine, sons of Constantine the Great, are created Caesars, as is also Licinianus, the son of Licinius.
Nascitur Constantius filius alter Constantini et Faustae.
Constantius is born, another son of Constantine and Fausta.
Hoc anno desinente, ut putamus, advocatur Nicomedia in Gallias Lactantius.
At the close of this year, as we think, Lactantius is summoned from Nicomedia into the Gauls.
CCCXVIII.
318.
Coss. Licinius Augustus V. Crispus Caesar.
Consuls: Licinius Augustus for the fifth time, Crispus Caesar.
CCCXIX.
319.
Coss. Constantinus Aug. V. Licinius Junior Caesar.
Consuls: Constantine Augustus for the fifth time, Licinius the Younger, Caesar.
Hoc anno removet a suo Palatio Christianos Licinius Augustus.
In this year Licinius Augustus removes the Christians from his Palace.
Arius in haeresim prolabitur, damnaturque in concilio centum Episcoporum.
Arius slides into heresy, and is condemned in a council of a hundred Bishops.
CCCXX.
320.
Coss. Constantinus Aug. VI. Constantius Caesar II.
Consuls: Constantine Augustus for the sixth time, Constantius Caesar for the second time.
Persecutio Liciniana ex Eusebio in Chronico.
The Licinian persecution, from Eusebius in the Chronicle.
Crispus Caesar Francos et Alamannos praelio vicit.
Crispus Caesar defeated the Franks and the Alamanni in battle.
Hoc anno vel sequenti suas edidit Lactantius Institutiones.
In this year or the following Lactantius published his Institutes.
CCCXXI.
321.
Coss. Crispus Caesar II. Constantinus Caesar.
Consuls: Crispus Caesar, for the second time; Constantine Caesar.
Nazarius Romae Panegyricum Constantino dicit Kal. Martiis.
Nazarius delivers a Panegyric to Constantine at Rome on the Kalends of March.
Donatistae Roma ejecti.
The Donatists expelled from Rome.
Constantinus de feriando die dominico sanctionem edit.
Constantine issues an ordinance on keeping the Lord's day as a holiday.
CCCXXII.
322.
Coss. Petronius Probianus. Anicius Julianus.
Consuls: Petronius Probianus; Anicius Julianus.
Constantinus S⟨a⟩rmatas in Pannonia debellat, et ibi Rex eorum Rausimondus cecidit.
Constantine subdues the Sarmatians in Pannonia, and there their King Rausimond fell.
CCCXXIII.
323.
Coss. Acilius Severus. Junius ( vel Vettius ) Rufinus.
Consuls: Acilius Severus; Junius (or Vettius) Rufinus.
Alterum bellum Constantini adversus Licinium: hic die III Julii ad Adrianopolim a Constantino debellatur.
The second war of Constantine against Licinius: he is utterly defeated by Constantine at Adrianople on the third day of July.
Iterum Licinius terra vincitur a Constantino juxta Chrysopolim et Chalcedonem, et mari a Crispo Caesare in Hellesponto.
Licinius is again defeated by Constantine on land near Chrysopolis and Chalcedon, and at sea by Crispus Caesar in the Hellespont.
Nicomediam fugit Licinius, atque veniam petiit in praeteritum, exorante Constantia ejus uxore ac sorore Constantini. Coenae a Constantino adhibetur, atque exul Thessalonicam mittitur; ubi ejus post quosdam menses, ob res novas quas moliebatur, fauces laqueo innectuntur, atque Martinianus C⟨ae⟩sar a Licinio creatus in Cappadocia trucidatur. (Vide Tillemont tom. IV, Imperat., pag. 195.)
Licinius flees to Nicomedia, and sought pardon for the past, Constantia, his wife and the sister of Constantine, pleading for him. He is invited to dinner by Constantine, and is sent as an exile to Thessalonica; where after some months, on account of the revolt that he was plotting, his throat is bound with a noose, and Martinianus, made Caesar by Licinius, is slain in Cappadocia. (See Tillemont, vol. 4, Emperors, p. 195.)
Constantius Constantini filius Caesar eligitur.
Constantius, son of Constantine, is chosen Caesar.
CCCXXIV.
324.
Coss. Crispus C⟨ae⟩sar III. Constantinus C⟨ae⟩sar III.
Consuls: Crispus Caesar, for the third time; Constantine Caesar, for the third time.
Constantinus ad Arium litteras scribit, ut eum ab errore revocet.
Constantine writes a letter to Arius, to recall him from his error.
CCCXXV.
325.
Coss. Anicius Faustus Paulinus. P. Cejonius Julianus.
Consuls: Anicius Faustus Paulinus; P. Ceionius Julianus.
Synodus prima universalis Nicaeae in Bithynia cogitur a 18 vel 19 Junii ad 25 Augusti; in qua damnatur Arius.
The first universal synod is assembled at Nicaea in Bithynia from the 18th or 19th of June to the 25th of August; in which Arius is condemned.
25 Julii vicennalia celebrat Constantinus.
On the 25th of July Constantine celebrates his vicennalia.
CCCXXVI.
326.
Coss. Constantinus August. VII. Constantius Caesar.
Consuls: Constantine Augustus, for the seventh time; Constantius Caesar.
Constantinus Romam petit; atque circa Julium mensem trucidari jubet Crispum Caesarem; qui falsi criminis reus agitur: morti similiter addicitur Fausta Constantini uxor.
Constantine goes to Rome; and about the month of July orders Crispus Caesar to be put to death, who is arraigned on a false charge; Fausta, the wife of Constantine, is likewise consigned to death.
CCCLXII.
362.
Coss. Fl. Mamertinus. Fl. Nevitta.
Consuls: Fl. Mamertinus; Fl. Nevitta.
Persecutio Juliani, cum ageret Antiochiae, sub finem Octobris, cum flagrasset simulacrum Jovis Olympii, ut colligitur ex Ammiano XXII. DODWELL.
The persecution of Julian, while he was staying at Antioch, towards the end of October, when the statue of Olympian Jupiter had burned, as is gathered from Ammianus, book 22. Dodwell.
Editors' notes and page, col. 189
Footnotes
(VARIORUM NOTAE — lemma notes, no call letters; they belong to Lactantius, De mortibus persecutorum, which begins on this page) (Ad Donatum) ‹anchor: Ad Donatum Confessorem (title)› · lemma in col 189 Ad Donatum. Illustrem horum temporum confessorem, qui novies tormenta varia pertulit pro nomine Christi, sex annorum spatio detentus in carcere, unde emissus est extremis Galerii Maximiani temporibus, ut legitur infra cap. 16, et 35. BALUZ.
To Donatus. A famous confessor of those times, who nine times endured various tortures for the name of Christ, held for six years in prison, from which he was released at the very end of Galerius Maximian's reign, as we read below, chapters 16 and 35. BALUZE.
(De Mortibus persecutorum) ‹anchor: De Mortibus Persecutorum (title)› · lemma in col 190 De Mortibus persecutorum. Vide Dissert. nostram (continues)
On the Deaths of the Persecutors. See our Dissertation (continues)
(printed under page 94)
Page
- running head: 189 FIRM. LACTANTII LIBER DE M (cut off at the image edge; presumably DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM)
- marginal letters: A serando horrendoque mortis genere; B gustorum consensu expellitur; C Licinius Augustus v. (letter stands in the gutter, possibly belonging to the right-hand column); D (none)
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: editors' matter set: the chronological table (from "serando horrendoque", years CCCXIV-CCCXX). The column begins with the fragment "serando", from a word (mi-serando) broken from the column before. The consul lines, printed as two names bracketed by "Coss.", are each set as one line. The full-width title LUCII CAECILII FIRMIANI LACTANTII LIBER AD DONATUM CONFESSOREM, DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM stands between "Institutiones." and "I." and is not set. "Audivit" is badly printed (it looks like "Andivit"). The Variorum Notae at the page foot ("Ad Donatum. Illustrem horum temporum...") are left for the later pass. "Valerium" is set as printed; UNSURE whether the printer intended Valeriam.
- other: a full-width band stands across cols 189/190 in mid-page: the 27 paragraph(s) above it in col 190 are set here, after the 29 above it in col 189 (reading order, moved on receipt); the band itself (its title lines) is not set by the volunteer page: set it here, at the move, with full_width
- other: the column continues with I. (another unit); not set here
Editors' notes and page, col. 190
Page
- running head: [cut off at left] LIBER DE MORT. PERSECUT. 190
- marginal letters: A CCCXXI.; B Chrysopolim et Chalcedonem; C Coss. P. Cejonius Julianus; D (none)
- old-edition numerals: (none)
- other: editors' matter set: end of the chronological table (CCCXXI. Coss. Crispus Caesar II. ... DODWELL.); full-width title FIRMIANI LACTANTII LIBER AD [DONATUM CONFESS]OREM, DE MORTIBUS PERSECUTORUM, cut off at left edge, not set; full-width heading [V]ARIORUM NOTAE not set; Commentarius at page foot (unde emissus est ... BALUZ.; De Mortibus persecutorum. Vide Dissert. nostram) left for later pass; damaged type: S⟨a⟩rmatas, C⟨ae⟩sar (Martinianus and both in CCCXXIV), quas partly broken but read; Imperat. printed with damaged a; pag. 195 possibly 193, UNSURE; juxta looks capitalized (Juxta), set lower-case, UNSURE; last word con- split at the column break
- other: the 27 paragraph(s) of this column above the full-width band are set under col 189 (reading order, moved on receipt)
- other: the text of this column below the full-width band belongs to the next unit; not set here (rail-only part)